Biography
UNicholas I - Onke-I-Emper Emper, i-Polili yasePoland kunye nePrince Gersince Finland, i-Autracle yeshumi elinanye kwi-imeyile yeRomanov. I-Alexander I, i-Alexander II.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umlawuli wexesha elizayo wazalwa nge-6 kaJulayi 25 kubugcisa.) 1796 kwilali yaseRoyal. UNikolai waba ngunyana wesithathu woMlawuli ka-Emper Paul I kunye ne-Emps Mary Fedorovna. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, inkwenkwe yayidlalwa ngomkhosi kwimidlalo yasemkhosini. Kwiminyaka emi-semi-yonyaka, inqanaba le-colonel lafunyanwa, kwaye kwiminyaka emithathu usana lwanikelwa kwi-Muntir yeLeb Guardation Repoint Retomentrey ngokuzalwa kwangaphambili. Ngokwesiko le-Grand Duke, engeyiyo indlalifa ngqo kwitrone, elungiselelwe umsebenzi wokuya emkhosini.
Ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka emine, ukuphakamisa kukaNikolai yanikwa i-Rililine yeNkundla uCharlovna Karlovna Von, emva kokusweleka kukayise, uPaul, u-Paul ndanikwa i-lamdrof ngokubanzi. Imfundo yasekhaya nikolai kunye noMninawa wakhe omncinci uMikhail wayenokufunda i-Economics, imbali, iJografi, iGourispridence, ubunjineli kunye neenqaba. Ingqwalaselo enkulu yahlawulwa kwiilwimi zasemzini: IsiFrentshi, isiJamani nesiLatin.
Ukuba intetho kunye neeklasi kwiSayensi yoLuntu yase-Divolarian zanikwa uNikolai ngobunzima, yonke into yemibutho emkhosi emkhosini nobunjineli, batsala umdla wakhe. Umlawuli wexesha elizayo kumtshato wakhe uyile umdlalo kwi-FELTE kwaye uthathe izifundo. Ukwazi kunye ne-ART kuvunyelwe i-nikolai pavlovich emva koko inikwe i-connoisseur ye-opera kunye ne-ballet.
Ukususela ngo-1817, i-Grand Grand Dee ihamba ubunjineli kwinxalenye yemikhosi yaseRussia. Phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, amaziko emfundo adalwa kwinkampani, babenetalions. Ngo-1819, uNikolay wakhuthaza ukuvulwa kwesikolo esiyiNtloko senjini yobunjineli kunye nesikolo sabagadi beendawo ezingaphantsi kogogo.
Emkhosini womntakwabo omncinci ka-Emperor Alexander I, ongazithandiyo iimpawu ezinje ngokugqibeleleyo, i-cavity yokuqokelela kunye nokuzola. I-Grand Deke yayingumntu olungiselelwe ukuba uqhubeke ukutshabalalisa imithetho, kodwa kwangaxeshanye unokuhlalwa ngaphandle kwesizathu.
Ngo-1820, incoko yabadala i-Alexander kunye ne-nikolai, apho umlawuli osebenza khona wathi itrone yeTonstantin yala itrone, kwaye ilungelo lokulawula latshintshelwa eNikolai. Iindaba zomfana othile zabetha ezindabeni: kwaye ngokuziphatha okanye ngokuziphatha uNikolai wayengakulungelanga abaphathi beRussia.
Ngaphandle koqhanqalazo, uAlexander e-Inciamo wachaza umntu ongena ezihlangwini zakhe kwaye wohlwaywa amaphepha emva kokuba efile. Emva koko, iminyaka emithandathu, ubomi beGrafshe bangehluke ngokupheleleyo kwase-NE: UNikolai wayenenkonzo yasemkhosini, wayejongise amaziko emkhosini omkhosi omkhosi.
Ibhodi kunye nokuphakama kweengcali zenkohliso
Nge-1 kaDisemba (ngo-Novemba 19 phantsi kobugcisa. ART.) Ngo-1825, uAlesander ndafa ngequbuliso. Umlawuli wayekulo mzuzu ukusuka kwikomkhulu laseRussia, ngoko ke iindaba ezixhalabisayo zeyadi yasebukhosini zifumene iveki kamva. Ngenxa yamathandabuzo, uNikolai waqalisa uKonstantin i phakathi kwenkundla nomthendeleko. Kodwa iBhunga likaRhulumente lapapashwa yiRoyal Reviesto, ebonisa indlalifa eNikolai Pavlovich.
I-Gram Duke yayingabantu abanamntu kwisigqibo sokungangeni kwisikhundla esinjalo kwaye sithobele ibhunga, iSenethi kunye ne-Synod kwisifungo somzalwana okhulileyo. Kodwa uKonstantin, owayesePoland, wayengazukufika kwi-St. Petersburg. I-nicholas eneminyaka engama-29 ubudala yayingenayo nantoni na, njengoko kuvunyelwene nokuthanda kuka-Alexander I. umhla weRenoveagi ngaphambi kokuba i-Proate Square icwangciselwe nge-26 kaDisemba.
Ngomhla wokuphefumlelwa ziimbono zasimahla malunga nokupheliswa kwamandla eRoyal kunye nokudalwa kwesakhiwo senkululeko eRussia, intshukumo yosindiso "yokuhamba kosindiso" igqibe ekubeni isebenzise imeko yezopolitiko kwaye itshintshe ikhondo lembali . Ngokutsho kwe-ofisi yelizwe lonke, ngokutsho kwabaququzeleli bemvukelo ye-S. IRiphabhlikhi.
Kodwa isicwangciso senguquko asiphumelelanga, kuba umkhosi wawungahambi kwicala labo, kwaye ivukuthu le-oduli lacinezelwa ngokukhawuleza. Emva kwetyala, abaququzeleli abahlanu baxhonywa, kwaye abathathi-nxaxheba kunye nabaveleli bathunyelwa kwikhonkco. Ukubulawa kwee-enkszrists K. F. RyleyEv, P. Petel, P. Kakhovsky, M. Kakshovsky, S. Kirameva-Rymlava kuphela osohlwayo kuyo yonke iminyaka yoLawulo lweNicholas i.
Umtshato waseGraider Deoke oorhulumente wenzeka ngo-Agasti ka-24 ngo-3 (nge-3 kaSeptemba ngaphantsi kobugcisa.) Kwicawa yengcinga yeKremrelin. NgoMeyi 1829, uNicholas ndingene emazantsi womthengisi wobukumkani basePoland.
Kwezopolitiko zasekhaya
I-nicholas ndaphuma ndaba yi-YARM YARHM YAYEHLUKO. Izimvo zoMlawuli zazisekwe kwiminenga emithathu ye-Russian Society-I-AUTOCRAXCY NOBUCHULE. Imithetho kaMonarch ithathelwa ingqalelo kufakwa ngokwaso engafakwanga. I-nicholas andifuni ukuyenza entsha, kodwa ukugcina nokuphucula iodolo ekhoyo. Ngenxa yoko, inkosi ifumene iinjongo zakhe.
Umgaqo-nkqubo wasekhaya woMlawuli omtsha wahluleke ngolondolozo kunye nokuzibophelela kwileta yomthetho awayeyinyuse i-wikolai i. UMlawuli waqala izinto zezopolitiko kweli lizwe ngentshayelelo yobalo-brutial kunye nokwenza iKhowudi yemithetho yaseRashiya. Ukwahlula kweofisi eyimfihlo kukhokelwa yiBenkendorf, eyayibandakanyeke kuphando lwezopolitiko.
Ishishini elishicilelweyo laliguqulwa. UBHALISEKILE Wornika owenziwe ngummiselo owodwa wabekwa esweni ngokucoceka kweemveliso eziprintiweyo kunye neempapasho ezikrokrelayo ezichasayo kurhulumente olawulayo. Inguqu ichukunyiswe iSerfdom.
Abalingane banginye ilizwe elingachazwanga eSiberia nakwi-Urals, apho bafudula khona abangeni ukuba bangathini na umnqweno. Iziseko zophuhliso zacwangciswa kwiindawo zokuhlala, zabela i-Agrotechnik entsha. Iziganeko zedale izinto eziphambili zokucinywa kweSerfi.
I-nicholas ndibonise umdla omkhulu kwizinto ezintsha kubunjineli. Ngo-1837, kwinyathelo lokumkani, ukwakhiwa koololiwe bokuqala kwagqitywa, nto leyo eyadibanisa i-Tsarskoye Selo kunye neSt. Petersburg. Ukufumana ingcinga yohlalutyo kunye nokubona kwangaphambili, uNicholas ndisebenzise i-Europer Yurophu kwi-ofisi kaloliwe. Ngenxa yoko, uKumkani uthintela umngcipheko wokungena kwi-PREATIDICOFIQOQUE KWAKHONO ERussia.
UNicholas ndidlale indima enkulu ekulungelelaniseni inkqubo yezemali yoRhulumente. Ngo-1839, uMlawuli waqala ukutshintsha kwezemali, injongo yayiphi inkqubo emanyeneyo yokubala iingqekembe zesilivere kunye nezinto zombane. Ukubonakala kwe-kopecks iguquka, kwelinye icala apho i-positing yomlawuli olawulayo sele iprintwe. ICandelo loMphathiswa Wezezimali sasungulwa ngokutshintshiselana ngezinyithi ezixabisekileyo ezikhoyo kwabemi, amatikiti etyala. Kwiminyaka eli-10, ubuncwane bombuso buyele indawo yegolide nesilivere.
Umgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle
Kwimigaqo-nkqubo yelinye ilizwe, inkosi yafuna ukuncipha kokungena kwezimvo zenkululeko eRashiya. UNicholas bendifuna ukomeleza isikhundla sikarhulumente kwiindlela ezintathu: intshona, empuma nasezantsi. I-Emperor iyeke zonke izinto ezinokwenzeka kunye nenguqulelo yelizwekazi laseYurophu kwilizwekazi laseYurophu, emva koko wabizwa ngokuba yi "Gendera yeYurophu".
Ukulandela uAlexander I, uNicholas ndiqhubekile nokuphucula ubudlelwane ne-prussia nase-Austria. Ukumkani kwakufuneka ukomeleza amandla kwiCaucasus. Umbuzo wasempuma wawubandakanya ubudlelwane kunye noBukhosi base-Ottoman, ukuhla kwesenzo senze ukuba kutshintshe isikhundla seRussia kwiiBalkan nakwintshona yolwandle olumnyama.
Iimfazwe kunye nokunyuka
Ngalo lonke ixesha leBhodi, uNicholas ndibuqola phesheya. Ngokwaphulela kakhulu uBukumkani, umlawuli wanyanzeleka ukuba athabathe imfazwe yeCaucasi, awaqalisa ngayo umntakwabo. Ngo-1826, ukumkani wacoca iphulo le-Russian-Persian-Persian, umphumo wawuphi na uMgaqo weArmenia kuBukhosi baseRussia.
Ngo-1828, kwaqala imfazwe yaseRussia-yaseTurkey. Ngo-1830, umkhosi waseRussia wanika ivukuthu lasePoland, elaqala emva komtshato ngo-1829 ngo-Nicolas kwiPolish Bukumkani. Ngo-1848, umphakamisi ophakezwe eHungary wavelisa kwakhona umkhosi waseRussia.
Ngo-1853, uNicholas ndayiqalisa imfazwe yolwaphulo-mthetho, ukuthatha inxaxheba kokujikiswa ngumlawuli ngokuwa kwezopolitiko. Ukungalindeli ukuba imikhosi yaseTurkey evela eNgilani naseFrance iya kuncedwa, uNikolai ndaphulukana nephulo lomkhosi. IRussia ilahlekelwe yimpembelelo kuLwandle Olumnyama, ephulukene namathuba okwakha kunye nokusebenzisa inqaba yasemkhosini elunxwemeni.
Ubomi Buqu
I-Nikolai Pavlovich nenkosikazi yexesha elizayo, iPrinces yasePussic Chactte, intombi yaseFriderich III, yazisa uAlexander I. Phambi komtshato, inkosazana yaseJamani yamkela iOrthodoxy, igama lika-Alexander Fedorovna lafumana ubhaptizo.
Iminyaka eli-9 yomtshato kwintsapho yenkosi enkulu, uAlexander kunye neentombi ezintathu-zazalwa - uMaria, iOlgander. Emva kwetrone yesibhozo, uMaria Fedorovna wahambisa uNicholas othathu - uKonstantin, uNikolai, uMikhalaila, ngaloo ndlela abonelela ngetrone ngeendlalifa. Ndikunye nenkosikazi yakhe, umlawuli ophila ngokuhambelana nokufa.
Ukufa
Ndigula kakhulu ngumkhuhlane ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1855, uNicholas ndixhathise uloyiko kwaye, ndoyisa iintlungu kunye nokwehla komkhosi, ekuqaleni kukaFebruwari kwaphuma kwi-parader yasemkhosini. Umlawuli ufuna ukuxhasa amajoni kunye namagosa awayesele elahlekile kwimfazwe yolwaphulo-mthetho.
Kwi-cinema, inkumbulo yeli xesha kwaye umlawuli ubanjiwe ngaphezulu kweefilimu ezingama-33. Umfanekiso we-nicholas ndifumene kwizikrini nakwesikrini nakwi-cinema ethe cwaka. Kubugcisa bale mihla, abaphulaphuli bakhunjulwa zizikhululo zayo zefilimu kwintsebenzo yabadlali v. Livanova, ewe.
Ngo-2019, iManyano yeMbali "Imanyano yosindiso" eyalelwa nguAlexander Cotta yapapashwa, ezixela ngeziganeko ezenzekayo zangaphambi kokuba iphumelele inkokeli ye-inkhliso. Indima ye-Emperor yenziwa yi-Ivan Kolesnikov.