Biography
Ubomi bukaNikolai vasneevich gogol lubanzi kakhulu kwaye luphazamisa ukuba izaziswa zembali zisaphanda nge-biography kunye neefilimu ezibhaliweyo ezixela iimfihlo zobuhlakani obungaqondakaliyo. Inzala kwi-playwile ayikho kangangeminyaka engamakhulu amabini kungekuphela nje ngenxa yemisebenzi yayo ye-lyrol-Epic, kodwa kwakhona ngenxa yokuba uGogol yenye yezona mzobo zibalulekileyo zenkulungwane ye-19.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akwaziwa ukuba uNikolai Vasneevich wazalwa. EZINYE IMITHETHO YOKWENZA UKUZE UGOGL wazalwa nge-20 kaMatshi, abanye baqinisekile ukuba ngumhla wokwenene wombhali ngu-Epreli 1, 1809.
Ubuntwana beNkosi ye-FyshysmagoAagoria idlulile e-Ukraine, kwilali entle ye-sorochivesy yePhondo. Wakhulela kwintsapho enkulu - ukongeza kuye, abanye amakhwenkwe ama-5 namantombazana ama-6 ayekhuselwa endlwini (abanye babo bafa kubudala bentsana).
Umbhali omkhulu une-Pesigree, enyuka ukuya kwi-Cossack Degol-Yanovsky. Ngokwembali yosapho, utat'omkhulu we-Athanasius playwper deberwwich ianovsky yongezwa kwifani ye-HOSSESE ye-HOSSEAP ye-HOGOP, eyayiphila ngenkulungwane ye-17.
Utata wombhali, uVasily Amananaeyevich, wasebenza kwiPhondo leMalororossisks kwiPosi, ukusuka apho wayethatha umhlala phantsi ngonyaka we-1805 kwisikhundla somvavanyi weKholeji. Emva kwexesha, i-Gogol-Yanovsky ithathe umhlala phantsi kwi-VasneeVevka (Yanovschina) kwaye yaqala ukubandakanyeka kuqoqosho. I-Vasly Aneanasilevich Speet, umbhali kunye nokudlala: Wayenendawo yemidlalo yethiyetha yaseKhaya yomhlobo wakhe iTrochinsky, kwaye wenza kwinqanaba njengomlingisi.
Ngemveliso, wabhala imidlalo ye-idec esekwe kwi-iUkraine Folk nakwiintsomi. Kodwa ngumsebenzi omnye we-gogol-sr. - "Postluach, okanye iqhinga elingumfazi, owafikelela kwijoni" lafika kwabafundi banamhlanje. Ivela kuTata uNikolai vasileevich othathe uthando lobugcisa boncwadi kunye netalente yokuyila: Iyaziwa ukuba uGongo JR. Ukususela ebuntwaneni waqala waqala ukusebenza ngokubhalwe kwimibongo. I-Vasly Afanankesyevich iFunichos yayineminyaka eli-15 ubudala.
Umama wombhali, uMaria Ivanovna, nee Kosyarovskaya, ngokwamabali abantu ababephila ngexesha, wayelungile kwaye wayethathwa njengobuhle bokuqala kwilali. Bonke ababemazi kuye bathi yindoda yonqulo kwaye yabandakanyeka kwimfundo yokomoya yabantwana. Nangona kunjalo, iimfundiso zikaGogol-Yanovsky zancitshiswa zingazizi zizwe zamaKristu kunye nemithandazo, kodwa kwiziprofetho zenkundla embi.
Kuyaziwa ukuba ibhinqa laseGogol-Yanovsky umfazi utshatile xa wayeneminyaka eli-14 ubudala. UNikolay Vasneevich wayesondele kunina kwaye wacela ingcebiso ngemibhalo yakhe yesandla. Abanye ababhali bayakholelwa ukuba uMbulelo kuMary Ivanovna, Uyilo lukaGogol lubekwe ngobuchwephesha kunye nemfihlakalo.
Ubuntwana kunye nolutsha uNikolai vasileevich lwenzeka ngobomi bendawo yokuhlala kunye noloyiko kwaye wanikwa i-meshchani ebonisa ukuba i-meshchani ichazwe ngokucokisekileyo kwimisebenzi yakhe.
Xa uNicholas wayeneminyaka elishumi ubudala, wathunyelwa ePoltava, apho wafunda isayensi esikolweni, emva koko wafunda nolwazi lokufunda nokubhala kwi-Gabriel Sorochinsky. Emva koqeqesho lwaseklasini, umfana oneminyaka eli-16 ubudala waba ngumfundi kwindawo yokuzivocavoca kwiSixeko saseNeZhin yengingqi yeCherihiviv. Ukongeza kwinto yokuba i-dessic yoncwadi ye-dessic yayiyimpilo ebuthathaka, wayengasomelele kwizifundo zakhe, nangona wayenenkumbulo ekhethekileyo. Ngeenzululwazi ngqo zeNicholas, ubudlelwane abuhlawulwa, kodwa waphumelela uncwadi noncwadi lwaseRussia.
Eminye yabaphathiswa bebhargraphe bathi indawo yokuzivocavoca ngokwayo yayikukubekwa ityala lemfundo engaphantsi, kunokuba umbhali oselula. Inyani yile yokuba kuloo minyaka, ootitshala bobuthathaka basebenza kwi-Nezhinsky Gymnasium, abangakwaziyo ukulungelelanisa ukufunda kakuhle kwabafundi. Umzekelo, ulwazi kwizifundo zemfundo yokuziphatha yaziswa ngeemfundiso zentanda-bulumko ebalaseleyo, kodwa ngoncedo lwesohlwayo se-Rygoy, utitshala woncwadi akazange ahambe emlenzeni ngexesha le-Cushkin ye Ngenkulungwane ye-18.
Ngexesha lezifundo zakhe, iGogol, iMveliso yeDisurical kunye neZinto eziphuculweyo kunye neziganeko eziphuculweyo. Phakathi kwamadlala, uNikolai Vasneevich wahamba nendoda ye-perky. Umbhali wanxibelelana noNikolai Prokopovich, Alexander Danilevsky, uNestor Dollhouse kunye nabanye.
Uncwadi
UGgol waqalisa ukuba nomdla kwimbonakalo yombhali kwiminyaka yobudala. Uyabathanda. I-Pushkin, nangona indalo yakhe yokuqala yayikude nesitayela sembongi enkulu, kwaye saya ngakumbi kwimisebenzi ye-Best Anlinsky.
Waqulatha i-Elegia, inkohliso, imibongo, izamile ekuqhubeni nangezinye iintlobo zoncwadi. Ngexesha lezifundo zakhe, zabhalwa nguSatira "into malunga nendawo engahlali, okanye isidenge ayizange ibhalile umthetho", engafikanga namhla. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba le ndoda isemfana yayijongwa yindodana, kodwa ingengubomi.
Ukubhalwa kweGogo, "i-ray yokukhanya kubuBeceni obumnyama" kwaye yanceda ukuphazamisa izityholo zokomoya. Emva koko izicwangciso zikaNikolai Vasneevich zazingacacanga, kodwa wayenqwenela ukukhonza ilizwe lakhe kwaye uluncedo ebantwini, ekholelwa ukuba wayelindele ikamva elihle.
Kwibusika ye-1828, uGogol uya kwikomkhulu lenkcubeko - i-petersburg. Kwisixeko esibandayo nesicwecwili saseNikolai Vasneevich yayilindile ukuphoxeka. Wazama ukuba ligosa, kwaye wazama nokungena kwinkonzo kwindawo yemidlalo yeqonga, kodwa yonke imizamo yakhe yoyiswa. Kulu ncwadi kuphela owazifumana ukufumana amathuba okufumana umvuzo kunye nokuzibonakalisa.
Kodwa kumbhali uNikolai vasineevich, bendilinde iijenali, kuba iimagazini "ze-gogin" kunye ne-gosaulgargarten ", yapapashwa phantsi kwePseuduguarten v. "Idylli kwimiphetho" ifumene inani lopheculo olubi noluse-sarcastic lwabagxeki. Emva kokuyisela, uGogol waphulukana nazo zonke iimpapasho zombopheli kwaye watshisa kwigumbi lakhe. UNikolai Vasneevich akavumi uncwadi, nokuba usilele ngokugqibeleleyo, ukusilela kukaGanz Kyhehelgonoka wamnika ithuba lokutshintsha uhlobo.
Ngo-1830, ibali elingaqondakaliyo leGool "ngokuhlwa u-Ivan Kupalla" wapapashwa kwimagazini edumileyo "amanqaku esidlangalaleni".
Emva kwexesha, umbhali uyadibana neBaron Destig kwaye aqala ukuprintwa kwimpapasho yakhe "kunye" neentyatyambo zantla ".
Emva kwempumelelo yendalo yeGogo, wamkelekile kwisangqa sokufunda. Waqala ukunxibelelana ne-puckkin kunye neZhukovsky. Isebenza "ngokuhlwa kwifama ekufuphi ...," ubusuku ngaphambi kweKrisimesi "," indawo enomtsalane we-iUkraine, yenza umbono we-Russia.
Kuthetha ukuba uAlexander Sergeyevich wanika uNikolai Vasneevich kwi-nikolai vasileelaivich yemisebenzi emitsha. Ucebise ngezimvo zemibongo yombongo "Imiphefumlo Efileyo" (1842) noMphicothi zincwadi "(1836). Nangona kunjalo, p.v. UAnnenkov uyakholelwa ukuba i-puckkin "ayizange ilangazelele ilifa lakhe."
UNikolai Vasneevich owayenomdla kwimbali yeMaloria, iba ngumbhali we "Mirgorod", kubandakanya imisebenzi eliqela, kubandakanya i-turas bulba. UGgol kwiileta kuMama Maria Ivanovna ucele ngobomi babantu abangaphandle.
Ngo-1835, iphuma ibali leGogol "Viy" (iqukwe kwi-mirgorod) malunga nomntu oneedemon kwi-Epic yaseRussia. Ngokweyelenqe, i-bhaso ezintathu zahamba ngendlela yaza yafika kwifama engaqondakaliyo, nenkosikazi yayo yayiyeyona igcwele. Umlinganiswa ophambili weHoma uza kujongana nezidalwa ezingazange zenziwe ngaphambili, amacawa amachiza kunye nengxaki yokubhabha kwibhokisi.
Ngo-1967, ifilimu yokuqala yeSoviet yoyike kwi-Gogol "VII" yabekwa ngabalawuli baseKonshostantin Ershov noGeorge Krutavin. Iindima eziphambili zenziwa nguLeonid Kuravlev naseNatalia Varley.
Ngo-1841, uGogol ubhala ibali elingenakuthelekiswa "Shinel". Kumsebenzi kaNikolai Vasneevich uthetha malunga ne "ndoda encinci" Akaki Akakievich, oye wanyamalala kangangokuba eyona nto ibalulekileyo iba ngumthombo wovuyo kunye nenkuthazo.
Ubomi Buqu
Ukuthetha ngobuntu bombhali "uMphicothi-zincwadi", kufanelekile ukuba uchithe uncwadi, ukongeza ukugula okungapheliyo kunye noloyiko lokufa, nto leyo eyaqala ukuzibonakalisa I-PlayfWight ebuncinci. Oku kwabhalwa nge-v.g. I-Korolenko kunye noGqirha Bazhenov, ngokusekwe kwizixhobo ze-autobiographic zelifa le-Gogol kunye neLifa leMveli ye-Epistorar.
Ukuba ngexesha leSoviet Union kwiziphazamiso zomphefumlo eNikolai vasineevich, yayilisiko ukuba ithe cwaka, iinkcukacha ezinomdla kakhulu kumfundi ophelileyo. Kukholelwa ukuba i-gogol ibanjwe bubuntwana nge-Psychosis (i-Bipolar Debres)
Ixhalabile ingqondo yakhe de kuse ekufeni. Ukwavumelana neeleta, ezazihlala ziveza amazwi "abuhlungu" ezimtyelele kude. Ngenxa yobomi kwi-Fegold Festiver, uGogol waba ngumntu ononqulo kwaye wakhokelela ngakumbi kwindlela yokuphila ephindaphindiweyo ye-Engta. Wayebathanda abafazi, kodwa kuphela ekude: Rhoqo wayedla ngokuthi maria ivanovna, ophuma phesheya kwinenekazi elithile.
Uqhube imbalelwano kunye namantombazana amnandi eeklasi ezahlukeneyo (kunye noMaria Balabina, abazukulwana uAna u-Anna uWielgorskaya nabanye), benza ukuba bathandane kwaye besenza inkathalo. Umbhali akathandi ukubhengeza ubomi bakho, ngakumbi izinto eziphilayo. Kuyaziwa ukuba uNikolai Vasneevich akanabantwana. Ngenxa yokuba umbhali akatshatanga, kukho ithiyori yobufanasini bakhe. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba akakaze abe nolwalamano olushiye isithambisi.
Ukufa
Ukufa kokuqala kukaNikolai Vasneevich ngomhla wama-42 wobomi osaqinisekisa iingqondo zezazinzulu, ababhali-mbali kunye neebhayilophe. Iintsomi ezingacacanga ezihamba nge-gogol, kwaye malunga nomongo wokwenene wokufa komntu ophulukene nalowo uqinisekile unanamhla.
Kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi, uNikolai Vasneevich wancedwa ingxaki yokuyila. Wayenxulumana nenkosikazi yakudala evela kwi-hamjakov umfazi kaHamjakov kwaye igxeke amabali akhe ngu-Archttantinovsky, owayethetha ngokugxekwa kangaka kwe-Gogol kwaye wayekholelwa ukuba umbhali akakho ngokwaneleyo. Iingcinga ze-cumy iingcinga zisanda ingqondo yomntu odlalayo, ukusuka kwi-13 kaFebruwari wavuma ukutya. NgoFebruwari 10, uNikolai Vasneevich "waphenjelelwa ngumoya ombi" watshiswa ngumbhalo obhalwe ngesandla, kunye ne-18, kunye ne-18 ka-18, ukuqhubeka nokulohloka okukhulu kwezempilo.
Inkosi yeentsiba zayeka inyameko yonyango, ilinde ukufa. Oogqirha abaye batyhila izifo ezingcolileyo zamathumbu, abasengozini kunye ne-tygus kunye nokungatshatisi besisu, ekugqibeleni babeka umbhali oxivayo kwi-meningitis ye-meningitis kwaye yanyanzeliswa i-nikolai vasneevich. Ngentsasa ye-21 kaFebruwari ngo-1852, uGogol wasweleka kwindawo yokuhlala eTolstoy eMoscow.
Imemori
Imisebenzi yombhali inyanzelekile ukuba ifunde ezikolweni nakumaziko aphezulu emfundo. Kwinkumbulo yeNicolae Vasneevich kwi-USSR nakwamanye amazwe, kukhutshwe izitampu zeposi. Igama le-Gogol zizitrato, iqonga lethiyetha elimangalisayo, iziko leziseko kunye ne-crater kwiPlanethi yeRhati.Kwindalo ye-Grand Hyperboles kunye neGrotece, imveliso ye-groterial, imveliso yeqonga iyakhiwa kwaye imisebenzi ye-cinematic isusiwe. Ke, ngo-2017, umbukeli waseRussia ulindele ukuba i-Prieriering Series "Gogol. Ukuqala "ne-Alexander Perov kunye ne-Oleg Menshikov kwindima ephezulu.
Iinyani ezinomdla
Kwibhayiloji ye-biedwing yomdlalo ongaqondakaliyo kukho izibakala ezinomdla, zonke azinakuchazwa nakwincwadi yonke.
- Ngokutsho kwamarhe, uGogol wayesoyika iindudumo, kuba indalo yendalo isebenze kwi-psyche yakhe.
- Umbhali wayephila kakubi, wahamba ezingubeni zakudala. Isifundo esibizayo kwi-Wardrobe yakhe yi-Gold Iblence inikelwe nguZhukovsky kwimemori ye-typin.
- Umama kaNikolai Vasneevich uhambe umfazi ongaqhelekanga. Wayenenkolelo, ekholelwa kwindalo engaphezu kwendalo kwaye ehlala exelela amabali amangalisayo emnqubeni.
- Ngokutyunjwa, amazwi okugqibela eGogol: "Ungasifa kamnandi."
- Uyilo lwe-Gogol ephefumlelweyo i-Mikhail Bulgakov.
- UNikolai Vasneevich wafumana iilekese, kunjalo ezipokothweni zakhe rhoqo ubeke iipipi kunye nezilayi zeswekile. Kwakhona, i-prosaisa ethandwayo yokuqengqeleka i-crumbs yesonka ezandleni - incede ukugxila kwiingcinga.
- Umbhali wayebuhlungu ngenkangeleko, ubukhulu bempumlo yakhe wacaphuka.
- UGool wayenoloyiko lokuba kuya kungcwatywa, ukuba kwiphupha le-lehargic. Ulwimi olulandelayo lubuze ukuba kwixa elizayo umzimba wakhe wangcatsha umhlaba emva kokuvela komzimba. Ngokutsho kwe-genend, gogol ivuza kwibhokisi. Xa umzimba wombhali wamothusayo, wothusa abo babelapho ukuba intloko yabafi yayijikelezwe.
I-Bibliography
- "Ngokuhlwa kwifama kufutshane ne-Dikanka" (1831-1832)
- "Ibali malunga nendlela ivan Ivanovich yabhalwa nge-Ivan Nikiforovich" (1834)
- "Viy" (1835)
- "Abanini bemihlaba ye-Starlavetsky" (1835)
- I-Taras Bulbatha (1835)
- "I-NEVSKY DETPEKT" (1835)
- "Umphicothi-zincwadi" (1836)
- "Impumlo" (1836)
- "Amanqaku oxinzelelo" (1835)
- "I-Portrait" (1835)
- "Stroller" (1836)
- "Umtshato" (1842)
- "Imiphefumlo Efileyo" (1842)
- "Shinel" (1843)