Biography
"Imvumi yendalo yaseRussia" - ke yabizwa ngokuba ngumbhali we-goonstantin we-Konstantin. I-Maxim Gorky ihlome italente yakhe ukuba inike "ukubonakala kwenyama kwaphela" ngamagama aqhelekileyo. UMikhail Mikhailovich Fovain ngokwakhe, ethanda ukufota, wazibiza ngokuba ngu "Artist wokukhanya" kwaye wathi "ifoto".Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umbhali wazalwa kwithenga-ye-Deant-Inglets Merchant-Estate kwiPhondo le-Oryol. Apha, kwi-KHrushchev, e-Mikhail Mikhalovich - oyena mncinci kubantwana abahlanu uMaria uria Coatova noMikail Svavina babanjwa. Ukusuka kumama wamkela amandla oMoya kunye nokuxhathisa, kuBawo, ukuphulukana nelifayini, uthando lwendalo.
Intloko yosapho ngumkhweli onobuchule ophumelele kwitsibe yamabhaso, yandithanda i-orlovsky frogs, eyandelwa ngokuzingela kwaye wayikhathalela igadi yekhulile. Wayeyazi into eninzi emithini nawo imibala. Utata wasePalsy wamshiya unyana wakhe ngenkumbulo enkulu: Isandla esisempilweni sitsala umzobo "Blue Bobrov" - uphawu lwephupha elinganalisekileyo. Emva kokufa komfazi, uMaria Ivanovna wazifaka ezinyaweni zabantwana abahlanu. Impahla yokucofa kunye namatyala ayizange ithintele ukuba umntu obhinqileyo anike oonyana abane nemfundo yeentombi.
Ngo-1883, uMikhail oneminyaka eli-10 ubudala usvavina osuka kwisikolo samaNqaku esiSustic watshintshelwa kwiGysusium ejimini. Kodwa oyena mncinci uMisha, ngokungafaniyo nabazalwana abadala, akazange ahlukane ngenkuthalo - wafikelela kwiminyaka emi-4 ubudala. Ngenxa yokusebenza kakubi, washiywa okwesithathu, kodwa inkwenkwe yakwazi ukuNainga kumfundisi, lowo wagxothwayo.
Inzala kwizifundo zaseSvanovina ivuke eTugomen, apho kwathunyelwa khona uMisha kuMalume-Merver Ivan Ivan Avatov. Ngo-1893, i-Mikhail yeminyaka engama-20 ubudala iphumelele iphumelele kwisikolo saseAlexander. Umalume ongenamntwana, umntakwabo ongenamntwana, owayenethemba lokudlulisela umtshana, kodwa ukuba kukho ezinye iinjongo - umbhali wexesha elizayo angenele iYunivesithi yaseRolytechnion eRiga. Apho waxhuzulwa yi-Marxist efundisa kwaye wangena kwisangqa, awayephangala kulo nyaka uphelileyo.
Ngo-1898, uMikhail Svavina wakhutshwa emva kwesiphelo saminyaka le kwi-mitavarjengy. Uye eLeipzig, apho waphumelela khona ukusuka kwiikhosi ezimbini ze-falticy ye-agromic eyunivesithi, efumana okhethekileyo kumhlaba owodwa womhlaba. USvarvin wabuyela eRussia kwaye ngaphambi kwe-1905 wasebenza njenge-AGROMIst, wabhala iincwadi zenzululwazi kunye namanqaku.
Uncwadi
Ngelixa usebenza kwiincwadi, uMikhail Derdin waqonda ukuba isakhelo somsebenzi wesayensi sayimfesane. Ukuqiniseka okufunyenwe ngo-1907, xa ibali lokuqala "uSashok" lapapashwa. I-Svavin ishiya isayensi kwaye ibhala amanqaku ephephandaba. Ubuntatheli kunye nokuhlonela kunye ne-nenografiy ebizwa ngokuba ngumbhali ngohambo lwe-semi lonyaka elingasentla. I-mikhail mikhalovich ihlolisise i-pomorie kunye nendawo ye-Avigovyky, apho kuqokelele kwaye beqokelela iintsomi ezingama-38 eziqukwayo kwi-fale eqokelelweyo.
Kwiinyanga ezintathu, uMikhail Svila watyelela unxweme lolwandle olumhlophe, i-Kola Peninsula, Solovetsky Islands kwaye ibuyele e-Arthangelsk. Ukusuka apho kwinqanawa ehamba kuhambo olusebenzisa uLwandlekazi lweArctic, watyelela eNorway kwaye, ekhuthaza uScandinavia, wabuyela eSt. Petersburg. Kwikomkhulu eliseMantla, imbali yoncwadi ye-svarvina ikhula ngokukhawuleza: kwisiseko semibono, wabhala izincoko, wabhala iqhinga elibizwa ngokuba yi "kumda wokungashicilelwa nguMbhali nge imbasa yeSilivere.
Ngo-1908, incwadi yesibini yavela ngo-1908 -izincoko zokuhamba ngobomi kwaye wonke umntu wabemi "kwi-Kolobkom". I-Mikhail ifumene ubunzima kwisangqa sababhali, yenza ukuba abahlobo kunye ne-Alexei Remov, i-DMIMGY Merezkovsky kunye neMaxim gork. Kwizityebi ezifanayo ze-1908 emva kokubamba umqhubi wenqwelomoya kunye neKazakhstan, iMikhail Mikhailovich epapasha ingqokelela yesincoko "kufutshane neendonga zabantu abangabonakaliyo". Ngo-1912, uGorge wabalaselisa ukupapashwa kwentlanganiso yokuqala yemisebenzi yaseMikhail riesrina.
Ukusika iMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuqala iphazamisa umbhali ngokubhala amabali okubhala kunye neentsomi. Imbambano yomkhosi i-Seadnin iprintin iprintion malunga neminyhadala ngaphambili. Inguqu yeBolshevik Mikhail i-Desfaphan ayizange ibekho kwangoko. Ukubambelela kwizimvo ze-Serc, uprinta amanqaku afundelayo, ongoyiki kunye ne-Alexander Blok, ebethetha ecaleni kukarhulumente omtsha, watyelelwa. Kodwa emva kwe-Okthobha, umbhali warhoxa koloyiso lweSoviet.
Ngeminyaka yee-1920, i-mikhail idrin yahlangana kwingingqi yeSmolensk. Imbali yasekhaya kunye nomzingeli, ukusuka kwi-smlensk ukuya e-leles, kwaye ukusuka apho kwingingqi ye-Mscow, yabhala amabali amabali kunye neentsomi zabantwana ". Ukuqaphela kwindalo kwaye izilwanyana ziye zasenza isiseko samabali "isonka" "kunye" Yozh ". Ibhalwe ngolwimi olulula lwebali lezilwanyana lenzelwe ukuvuswa kubafundi abancinci bayathanda iiflora kunye nezilwanyana. Kwi "Suchian Sche Sche", uMikhail Derdin waxelela abantwana ukuba kutheni le caby ibizwa ngokuba yi-hare, kunye nesonka sifile. Kwi "hedgehog" ibala malunga nobuhlobo be-hedgehog nomntu.
"I-Berevia Tube", "Than 'I-Trail" iphindwe kabini "iya kubuhlungu iintsomi malunga nezilwanyana. Kwibali "Abafana kunye neeDecklings", i-mikhail mikilovich ixelele ngamava okucaciswa kwasendle malunga neentsana zakhe, abazali babamba abantwana bakhe. Kwaye kwi "Golden Luga" kunye "noBomi kwintambo", uSvarvin wathetha ngendalo ukuze abafundi abancinci baqonde - uyaphila.
I-mikhail idrin ngo-1920-30s zabhalela abantwana kunye nabantu abadala. Kule minyaka, wasebenza kwisincoko se-Autobiographical ye "Cascoeva Chain". Umbhali waqala inoveli nge-1920s kwaye wasebenza kuyo kwiintsuku zokugqibela zobomi. Ngeminyaka yee-1930s, umbhali uthengile iveni, eyayinikwe igama "massha". Ngemoto, uSvarvin wahamba ilizwe lonke. Emva kwexesha, i-van ithathe indawo ye "moskvich".
Ngeli xesha leminyaka, i-mikhail mikilovich ityelele iMkawu yaseMpuma. Iziphumo zohambo yayiyincwadi ethi "Izilo ezithandekayo" nebali "Ginseng". Ibali "I-Amboct" i-svavin iqulunqwe phantsi kweempembelelo zohambo olujikeleze iKostroma kunye ne-Yaroslavl. Ebudeni beminyaka yee-1930, emva kohambo oluya kwi-Russian Perman, i-mikhail driven iqulethe iNcwadi yeBerendeva Bazheti kwaye yathatha ileta yebali "Ikomityi".
Ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, umbhali oneminyaka engama-70 ubudala waya kukhutshelwa kwingingqi yeYaroslavl. Uthando lweFlora kunye neFaunada kwaye apho ndafumanisa ukuba isicelo: Uddnin wakhusela ihlathi elijikeleze ilali, apho kuhlala khona, esuka kwintshabalalo ye-PeAT. Kunyaka we-penuss yemfazwe, i-mikhail skokhwe yeza kwikomkhulu kwaye yapapasha ibali "lehlathi". Ngo-1945, i-Epic Fairy Ilanga "lavela ilanga.
Ibali elithi "Umama wam" ngumzekelo oqaqambileyo wokuchukumisa uthando kumhlaba wokuzalwa. Ibhalwe ngamagama alula, ngaphandle kweepakethi ezinamandla. Akukho siphelo esicacileyo, iimvakalelo ezingakumbi. Kodwa, ndifunda ibali, ndiluve ivumba leti nobisi, uva izwi likanina, ingxolo yehlathi kunye neentaka.
Emva kwemfazwe, uMikhail Navitin uthenge indlu yendlu kwilali yaseTortionnino, awayehlala kuyo yonke ihlobo de kwangowe-1953. Umtsalane nge-pitdel ukusuka nge-1920s waguquka ukuba abe ngumcimbi wobomi, othelekiswa ngokubaluleka kokubhala ukusebenza malunga nendalo kunye nezilwanyana. Kwindlu yelali, i-svavina yafumana indawo yelebhu yefoto. Igcinwe kwiDeneno, apho kwavela imyuziyam emnye emva kokufa kweprose.
I-mikhail svaen isuse indalo kuyo yonke i-angles, ibonisa iifoto ezibhaliweyo. "Ukunkcenkceshela" yayingumnye umbhali de kwayiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi. Owona msebenzi uphambili weebhayigrafi kunye nabagxeki babizwa ngokuba "ziidayari". Iirekhodi zokuqala zibhalwe nge-1905th, unyaka wokugqibela we-19543. Umthamo we- "Deries" ugqitha ukuqokelelwa kwe-8 ukuya kwi-tomny yemisebenzi yombhali. Kufundwa amangenelo, yicace gca iimbono zikaMikail Mikhailovich ngobomi, uluntu kunye nendima yombhali. Iidayari "Daries" nge-1980s. Ngaphambili, babengaphoswanga ukuba babele.
Kwimisebenzi emibini, iifilimu zasuswa. Umfanekiso we "Hut yeLouven yakudala" uphume phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1930, kodwa akaphelelwa unanamhla. Kunye nomdlalo we-adventure "Umoya Wokuzula" - Ukufikelelwa kweNtlalo "yeThengiso" kunye "neSovelo Ilanga" - emva kokusweleka kukaMikhail Svavina.
Ubomi Buqu
Umfazi wokuqala wombhali wayengumhle kwilali yaseSmolensk yase-Efrosinia Bbikina. Nge-Efrosigny, uPavlovna wayengumtshato wesibini. Kumanyano lokuqala, lo mfazi wazalelwa unyana kaYukov (wasweleka ngaphambili). Kwi "Deries", i-svarvin ibiza inkosikazi yokuqala yeFrosya, incinci rhoqo i-pavlovna. Kumanyano nalowo, umbhali wazalelwa oonyana abathathu.
USergey olizibulo wafa kwasebusaneni. Unyana wesibini - uLeo Svavina, iBelleterrist, eyabhale ingonyama ye-Alpatov ingonyama yasePleundusy - ayizange ibe ngo-1957. Unyana wesithathu, i-Othongad Peter Svavin, wasweleka ngo-1987. Yena, njengengonyama, wathabatha isipho sombhali kuBawo. Ngo-2009, kwisikhumbuzo seminyaka eli-100 yokuzalwa kukaPeter Mikilovich, bapapasha iimemo ezibhalwe nguye.
Ngeminyaka yee-1940, eneminyaka engama-67, uMikhail perdina washiya usapho kunye nomtshato uValeria Lorsko, owayenguHenger kangangesithuba seminyaka engama-26. Ngokudibeneyo baphila iminyaka eli-14 ubudala. Umhlolokazi wombhali wabhala ngomyeni womyeni odumileyo, ugcine ogcino lwanga kowe-1979-unyaka wokusweleka kwakhe-wakhokela imyuziyam yombhali.
Ukufa
Kwiminyaka engama-80, ogqirha bafumanise ukuba isifo sombhali-isifo se-gurest umhlaza. USvarvin wasweleka kwiinyanga ezintandathu, phakathi kuJanuwari 1954, kwikomkhulu. Ngexesha lokufa, wayeneminyaka engama-81 ubudala.
I-mikhail mikhalovich ingcwatywe kumangcwaba awazisiweyo. Igama lakhe labizwa ngokuba yintaba nechibi kwi-caucasian Reserve, eKapa eKrilla kunye ne-Asteroid, ivuliwe ngo-1982.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1907 - "emphethweni weentaka ezingathandekiyo"
- Ngo-1908 - "ngenxa ye-kolobkom"
- Ngo-1908 - "Kwiindonga zobungangabonakaliyo"
- Ngo-1933 - "Ginseng"
- Ngo-1935 - "Ikhalenda yeNdalo"
- Ngo-1936 - "Berendeva Chaphet"
- Ngo-1945 - "Ilanga Lolondolozo"
- Ngo-1954 - "Incoko yenqanawa"
- Ngo-1960- "Cascoeva Chain"