Biography
I-Aram Khachatian yindawo yomqambi weSoviet yemvelaphi yaseArmenian, umbhali we-sparteak, "uGayane", umculo ".
U-Aram wazalwa nge-6 kaJuni, ngo-1903 kwilali yaseKodnji engakude kwikomkhulu laseGeorgia. Kungekudala le ntsapho yafudukela eTifli. Utata yeJia (i-Ilya) khacaturian wayengumnini-artidan, umnini weworkshop ebophelelayo. Watshata nelinye iBhola kunye nendawo awayehlala kuyo ukususela ebuntwaneni, i-Iyoca isuka kwilali yakhe yendabuko ukuya kwi-Aza ePhezulu ye-Iran, ukuya kwiCentral Georgia.
Umama wase-Kumash Sarrisovna wayeneminyaka eli-10 nomyeni wakhe kwaye wayebandakanyeka ekhaya. Bazalelwe ke abantwana abahlanu entsatsheni iAshchec, neVaginak, nangoonyana baka-Aran, no-Aram, kodwa intombazana yafa kwasebusaneni.
Umama wayethanda ukucula iingoma zika-Armani, unyana omncinci ka-Aram ngelo xesha wamdlala kuyo yonke into eyehlayo, i-saucepan okanye i-saucepan. Inzondelelo kuMculo yayingamkelwanga kusapho, uTata wayezama ukubafundisa imfundo elungileyo kubo bonke oonyana, ke uAram wamisela i-Gymnasium yabucala yePrincess Argutinsky-dolukoruko. Ebuntwaneni, inkwenkwana inokwenzeka ngokulula, ngaphandle kwezakhe, iilwimi zaseGeorgia neRussia.
Imozulu yezitrato kunye ne-alleys yesixeko se-multizentathu sazaliswa ngezandi zomculo, eziphaphazela zivela kuzo naphi na. Rhoqo, ukwahlukana kwe-Russia yomculo efunyenwe Fedyapin, Sergey RakhManova, Konstantin Ihumnova. Kwi-tiflis, indlu yase-Italiya ye-Opera yenzekile. Inkwenkwe ithathe iingoma kunye neziqhulo zabantu abahlukeneyo abahlala kwikomkhulu laseGeorgia. Xa uTata wafumana ipiyano endala, uAram wafunda ukukhetha iingoma.
Ngo-1921, umzalwana womkhulu uAram uqinisekile ngehlobo kwi-tifli, owayehlala eMoscow. Ndafunda kwiYunivesithi yaseMoscow kwimbali, umfana wazivalela ukuya kusebenza eMht. Uqinisekile ukuba unxibe ngokuqinileyo kunye nabasunguli bethiyetha yaseRussia: I-Stanislavky, neMirovich-danctzhitsky, vahtangov kunye ne-mingail chenkov. Ukuwa ngumbono wokudala i-Theatre ye-Armenian ye-Armenian, ngokuqinisekileyo uqinisekile kwilizwe lakhe ukufuna abantu bamanye amazwe ukuba bafunde eMoscow. Bedibene kunye nabapostile kwikomkhulu laseRussia, kwahamba ke iLeram.
EMoscow, abantu abaselula bangena kubomi benkcubeko esixekweni ngentloko: U-Opera watyelela i-Opera, iBallet, imisebenzi ye-symphony, imisebenzi edlalayo. Imbongi vladimir mayovsky yenziwa imbonakalo enkulu kwi-Aram. Emva konyaka, uKhacattaturian wangena kwi-faculs ye-biologizy yeyunivesithi, kodwa uthando lomculo wamthabatha: umfana waqala ukuya kwisikolo somculo, apho ukwakhiwa kwadalwa kuphela. I-Mikhail Fabianovich Gnesin yaba nguMfundisi wokuqala uKhachatatrian, intlanganiso awayichazayo indalo yokuyila umfana womfana.
Umculo
I-Khacaturian, eyaqalisa ukufunda ithiyori yomculo kunye nolwazi lomculo kakhulu kudala, ekuqaleni kwakunzima kakhulu. Esikolweni, i-ARAM, ukongeza kwipiyano, yazisa umdlalo kwi-cello. Iisampulu zokuqala zomculo obhaliweyo zafumana ukuba ziphumelele: "Umdaniso we-violin kunye nepiyano" isangena kwi-piggy Bank yebhanki ye-violin. Emva kokuphumelela esikolweni, ngo-1926, i-Aram iya kwilizwe layo, apho ithoba isebe lomculo kwindlu ye-Moscow yeNdlu yeNkcubeko yeNkcubeko yeNkcubeko yeNkcubeko.
Ngo-1929, uKhacatturian ubuyela eMoscow, apho angena khona i-MOSCOW kwiklasi yomqambi nikolai yakovvich meskovsky. Izixhobo zeKhachatirian zaye zaxutywa i-rirold gliere kunye nesergey vasilenko. Ngale minyaka, uAram wadala i-viola nepiyano, ipiyano "," uquka i-guis ezisixhenxe zeyasebukhosini ". I-Trio yePiano, i-viano kunye ne-Clarinet iqiniseke kakhulu i-Porgey Prookofiev, eyayicwangcise i-preefere yalo msebenzi eParis. Ngo-1933, kwinqanaba le-moscow yogcino olwenziwe yi-symphony ye-symphony, "i-suite yomdaniso" ivakala.
I-symphony yokuqala yaba ngumsebenzi wokuphumelela. Emva kokuphumelela kwisikolo samasikolo ngo-1936, uKhacattaturian wadalwa ikonsathi yokuqala yepiyano, eyathi yangena ngokukhawuleza kwingonyamakazi ye-Soviet Pianist. Kwimisebenzi ye-Aram exhuma i-flause yeMpuma yeMiyalelo kunye nee-mineeesthedies ezinee-Eurouse zomculo zeNtshona. Imibhalo ka-Aram Khacattian yenziwa ziimvumi zeSoviet D. Justrakh, l. Kogan, M. Polyakin, A.
Kwiminyaka yangaphambili, uAram Khachatian umiselwe nguSekela-Sihlalo womanyano lwabaqambile be-USSR. Ubhala i-ballet "Ukonwaba", iKotshi yokuqala ye-violin, umculo kwiDrama Mikhail Lermoontov "kunye ne-Masquerade" Hoby vega ". I-Waltz evela kwi-Suite Masquerade yangenisa inani lemisebenzi ebalaseleyo yomculo weSyghoni yenkulungwane ye-XX.
Ngexesha lemfazwe, uAram Khachatian wafuduswa kwi-perm, apho iBallene "i-ceages, amanani aqaqambileyo" kunye "nomdaniso nge-Sabers". Imvumi idibanisa "i-symphony ene-bell", imisebenzi yokuthand 'intamo ye "Ingqele yeKapten Gatetello" kunye ne-Matshi "yamaqhawe" kaMatshi ". Umculo womqambi usasazwa kwirediyo yemanyano yomanyano. Uyilo lwe-KhachaTurian theight thenga uxabiso urhulumente waseSoviet, enikezela ngokwakhiwa kwexabiso le-stalinist. Ekupheleni kwemfazwe, iculo leNkosi lase-Armenia "livela phantsi kweNkosi. Ngo-1946, uAram Khachatian ugqibezela ikhonsathi yokuqala yeCello, ngonyaka - i-sympleny yesithathu.
Ngo-1948, uAram KhachaTurian wava ukothuka emva kokukhululwa kweyopolitiko, apho umsebenzi wakhe, kunye nomculo we-shotakovich ne-prokfiev, yabizwa ngokuba yi-Frookfism. Emva kohlaselo lwetheko, umsebenzi wokuqala wokuqala weNkosi-i-ballet "sparttak" - yavela kuphela ngo-1954. Ukusuka e-50s, iBallet ifake ngokuqinileyo kwi-themba lamaqela amaninzi emidlalo ye-USSR nakwamanye amazwe. Umculo we-Khacatturian wakhuliswa yiSoviet Ballersems L. UJacobson, i. moieeev, yu. Grigorovich.
Ukususela ekuqaleni kwe-1950s, i-Aram Khachatian ifumana ikhondo lokuqala lokuqulunqwa kweMoscow nakwi-GnesIN. I-Aram Ilich yazisa i-Andreit ye-Soviet Andreis, Rostislav boyko, enikael tashdieva, uMark Mincova, Vladimir Dashkevich. Inkxaso yakhe yayisetyenziswa ngu-Arno Babadzhanan, Alexander Hounginyangaan no-Edward Mirzoyan.
I-Aram Khacatturian inomdla wokuqhuba kwaye yadlula kunye namaziko amakhulu eSoviet Union, eYurophu naseMelika. Umqambi wabhala umculo kwifilimu "u-Ushakov ungu-UShakov", "IJordani Bruno", "Othello", "i-qualinglod". Kwi-60s, iikonsathi ezilandelwayo ze-viollo, i-cello, ipiyano, kwi-70s, umqambi udala uthotho lwe-sonatas izixhobo.
Ubomi Buqu
I-Aram Ilich Khacaturian wayetshatile kabini. Kumtshato wakhe wokuqala, wahlala intombi kaNune, eyafumana imfundo yomculo kwaye yanikela ngobomi bezinto ezenziwa ngamandla. Umanyano lokuqala aluhlali xesha lide. Ngo-1933, uAram Khachatatatata, wayeqhawule umtshato, wayetshatile okwesibini kwi-vinadirovna makarova.
Kumtshato wesibini, ekuphela konyana womqambi kaMphathi wazalwa, owathi kamva waba ngumculi odumileyo. Ubudlelwane be-Aram Khachatian noNina Makarova banikezelwe kwimovie yeTV kwi-piries "ngaphezu kothando", ekudalweni kwezatifikethi ezivela kugcino lwentsapho zasetyenziswa.
Ukufa
Iminyaka edlulileyo yobomi be-Aram ilyich i-Delings. Umqambi wachitha ixesha elininzi esibhedlele.
Ngo-1976, uNina Vladimirovna wasweleka, emva koko imvumi ekugqibeleni inesifo. Ngomhla woku-1 kaMeyi ngo-1978, intliziyo ka-Aram Khachatian iyeke. Ingcwaba lomqambi ibekwe eYerevan, kwipaki ebiziwe emva kwe-roses.
Iinyani ezinomdla
Iqela elinomdla elibangela umdla kubomi bomqambi:- Igumbi lokugqibela le-ballet "gayane" Aram Illich ibhalile ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha ngosuku. Ngenxa yoko, "umdaniso nge-Saensies" waba ngowona msebenzi uthandwayo kaJoseph Stalin.
- "I-Arhem Armenia" Aram Khachatatian bacenga ngokuhlwa ihlobo, behleli kwiofisi yokusebenza yeHrevan. Ukuqala ukukhonza ingoma, umqambi wafumanisa ukuba ukukhanya kukhanyise kwiifestile zezindlu ezingabamelwane nabantu kuyavela, nto leyo ekhethiweyo.
- I-Aram Khacatattian izinja ezithandwayo kunye nokuhlonitshwa kwenja ebisiweyo i-lyj (ngegama lamanqaku amabini), xa wabhala, wabhala umdlalo "Lyodogulagula."
- Kukho ibali malunga nokuba ngolunye usuku, ukuba liseSpain, iKhachatirian ityelele elsador Dali. Ngokwembali, intlanganiso yaphela ngendlela enomdla wokuphuma kumculi owenziwe zehutyulwe "umdaniso kunye ne-Savers" phambi komqambi. I-Anecdota ye-Anecdota ichazwa ngu-Mikhail Weller.
Sebenza
- Umdaniso we-violin kunye nepiyano - 1926
- I-TOCCCAA yepiyano-1932
- Umdaniso Suite-1933
- Inombolo ye-symphony 1 - 1934
- Ikhonsathi yokuqala yepiyano nge-orchestra - 1936
- Ikonsathi yokuqala ye-violin nge-orchestra - ngo-1940
- Ballet "gayane" - 1942
- Inombolo ye-symphony 2 "symphony ene-bell" - 1943
- Suite kumculo ukuya kwi "masquerade" - 1944
- Ikonsathi yokuqala ye-cello kunye ne-orchestra. Ngo-1946.
- I-Ballet "SpartAk" - 1954