I-Ernest HemingwaY - I-Bibigraphy, ifoto, ubomi bomntu, iincwadi

Biography

I-Hemingway's Nobel Parner ophumeleleyo yeyona iguqulelwe kwiRussia ngumbhali welinye ilizwe ngexesha leSoviet Union. Imisebenzi ka-Ernene iprintwe kwiimagazini "iintsuku ezingama-30," phesheya "," uncwadi lwamanye amazwe ", njl njl.

Umbhali omkhulu wazalelwa eMelika, kunxweme olusemazantsi ntshona weLake Michigan, engakude kwikomkhulu lenkcubeko ye-Minwest-iChicago, kwidolophu ye-Oak Park. U-Ernest wayengumntwana wesibini kubantwana abathandathu. Inkwenkwe yaziswa kude kakhulu i-ART yobugcisa boncwadi, kodwa abakhuseli abakhuselweyo: I-Mycular Port Bord Horc kunye noMnu.

Kufanelekile ukuthi ukuba iHuss Haul yayingumfazi olindilele. Ukutshata, uvuya ngezwi elivakalayo, uninzi lwezixeko zaseMelika, kodwa washiya umhlaba wokucula ngenxa yokunyamezelana kwisibane esihle. Emva kokumka, iholo latyholwa ngenxa yento yonke, kodwa alikho kuphela. Ukuzamkela isicelo sezandla kunye neentliziyo ezivela kwi-Hemilingay, lo mfazi unomdla wayehlala naye ubomi bakhe bonke, wachitha ixesha lakhe ekukhuliseni abantwana.

Kodwa nakusemva komtshato, uGrace wahlala eyintombazana engaqhelekanga kwaye esebenza phantsi kwenekazi elincinci. Ukuzalwa kuka-Ernener phantsi kweminyaka emine wadlula kwiingubo eziluhlaza kunye nokutsala entlokweni kuba uNksk Heimingway wayefuna intombazana, kodwa inkwenkwe yazalwa inomntwana wesibini.

Ngexesha lakhe elikhululekileyo, uClarence weNyaniso oyinyani wamkelekile ukuhamba nonyana wakhe ekuhambeni nasekuzingeleni nasekulobeni. Xa u-Ertesta waqala iminyaka emi-3, wayenentonga yakhe yokuloba. Emva kwexesha, iimpembelelo zabantwana ezinxulunyaniswa nendalo ziya kubonakala kumabali ezinduli.

Kule minyaka incinci, i-hem (i-Hem (umbhali wasethetha igama) Inkampani ifundwe uncwadi lwecalasi lweklasi kunye namabali aqambe. Ukuba kwibhentshi yesikolo, ukuthembela kwetyala kwiphephandaba lasekuhlaleni njengentatheli: Ubhale amanqaku malunga neziganeko ezidlulileyo, iikonsathi kunye nokhuphiswano lwezemidlalo.

Nangona u-Ernest kwaye wafunda kwisikolo sase-Oak-Park, kwimisebenzi yakhe wayedla ngokuchaza ngakumbi iMichigan - indawo entle aye kwiholide yehlobo ngo-1916. Emva kolu hambo, uErieie wabhala ibali lokuzingela "Sei Zingan".

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, i-Laureed Laureed kuncwadi yayiqeqeshwa ngokugqwesileyo: Wayekuthanda ibhola, ukuqubha kunye nomdlalo wetalente. Ngenxa yokulimala efunyenwe, i-hem iphantse yamfamekiswa ngamehlo asekhohlo, kwaye yonakalisa nendlebe yasekhohlo. Ngesi sizathu, kwixa elizayo, umfana akazange athathe ixesha elide ukuba akhonze emkhosini.

U-Ernie wayefuna ukuba ngumbhali, kodwa abazali bakhe babenazo nezinye iiplani zekamva lonyana wabo. UClarence waphupha ukuba inzala yakhe yayiza kulandela amanyathela katata kunye nabaphumeleleyo kwi-facultys, kwaye uGrace unqwenela ukukhulisa i-SCHUBRT yesibini okanye uGraceven, unyanzelisa umculo wakhe. Lo mama osemhlophe uchaphazele izifundo zeHom, njengoko wayesiphosile unyaka wonke weeklasi ezinyanzelekileyo, emva kokufikelela kwi-cello. "Ucinga ukuba ndinobuchule, kwaye ndandingenatalente," watsho umbhali osele ekhulile kwixesha elizayo.

Emva kokuphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, singazithobeli abazali, khange singene eyunivesithi, kodwa saqala ukubumba ubugcisa bejenali kwi-Nanas City Star. Emsebenzini, intatheli yamapolisa e-Hemingway yajamelana nentlalontle njengendlela yokuziphatha ephambukayo, ukungahlambuluki, impahla yabasetyhini kunye nempahla yabasetyhini; Utyelele iindawo zolwaphulo-mthetho, imililo, watyelela iintolongo ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, le nkonzo iyingozi yanceda uErnost kwiincwadi, kuba wayehlala ebukele imbeko yokuziphatha kwabantu kunye nencoko yabo yemihla ngemihla bangenakuzonwabisa.

Uncwadi

Emva kokuthatha inxaxheba kwiimfazwe ze-1919, i-classic yafudukela eCanada kwaye yabuya kwintatheli. Umqeshi wakhe omtsha yayiyiBhodi yokuHlela yephephandaba leToronto Star Star, elivumele izixhobo ukuba zibhale izixhobo ngayo naziphi na izihloko. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke izinto zentatheli zapapashwa.

Emva kokuxabana nomama Hemingay wathatha izinto kwipaki ye-oak ye-Oak kwaye wafudukela eChicago. Apho, umbhali uyaqhubeka nokusebenzisana nephephandaba laseKhanada kunye neeNqaku ezipapashiweyo kwi-Co-intshurensi.

Ngo-1821, emva komtshato, uErnest Hemingwa walikhwelisa iphupha lakhe waza wafudukela kwisixeko sothando - iParis. Emva kwexesha, iimpembelelo zeFrance ziya kubonakala kwincwadi yenkumbulo "iholide, ehlala inawe."

Apho wadibana noSylvia Beach, umnini odumileyo wevenkile yeencwadi "shakespeare kunye nenkampani", eyayikufuphi neSeine. Lo mfazi wayenempembelelo enkulu kwisangqa esibhaliweyo, kuba wayepapasha i-screcce Rames Joyce ", eyathi yavalwanga yi-Deorverse eUnited States.

I-Hemingway, ihewayday yaba ngabahlobo kunye nombhali odumileyo hertruda uShein, owayelumkile kwaye enamava obomi bakhe bonke kunye nomfundi wakhe. Ibhinqa eligqithileyo elinomsindo elinethemba elidluliselwe kulo msebenzi weentatheli kwaye yanyanzelisa ukuba uErie wenze imisebenzi enokubakho.

Uloyiso lwenkosi yepeni lwepeni lwafika ngo-1926 emva kokupapashwa kwenoveli 'kwaye ilanga liphuma "(" fihlalo ") malunga" Owona mlinganiswa uphambili we-jake barnes (i-prototype vimimingay) yalwa ilizwe lakhe. Kodwa emfazweni wafumana ukonzakala kakhulu okwenza isimo sengqondo ngobomi nabasetyhini. Ke ngoko, uthando lwakhe lwenenekazi Bret Ashley lwalunomntu onesidima, kunye nomphefumlo kaJake amanxeba abuthathaka ngotywala.

Ngo-1929, i-themingwaywayway ibhala inoveli engafiyo 'inobukhali, izixhobo! ", Ukuba ukuza kuthi ga kule mini ingene kuluhlu olunyanzelekileyo lwezingqinisiso zokufunda ezikolweni nakumaziko aphezulu emfundo. Ngo-1933, i-Master ithelekisa ingqokelela yamabali amafutshane "ophumeleleyo akafumani nto", kwaye ngo-1936 imagazini e-Equire ipapasha umsebenzi odumileyo we-hemimanjaro ", ixelela intsingiselo ye Ubomi, uhambo lokuhambahamba. Kwiminyaka emine kamva, umsebenzi wasemkhosini wakhululwa "Intsimbi yeentsimbi".

Ngo-1949, uErnest wafudukela eCunny Cuba, apho wayeqhubeka khona enxibelelana. Ngo-1952, ubhala ibali lesithandi sobulumko kunye nezenkolo "kunye nolwandle", apho kuye kwanikezelwa i-pitsere noNobel.

Ubomi Buqu

Ubomi bobuqu be-Ernest Hemingwaybhowulwa kakhulu ziintlobo zeziganeko, ezingakwanele kwaye yonke le ncwadi ukuchaza ukubamba lo mbhali mkhulu. Umzekelo, inkosi yayingummangaliso weemvakalelo ezibukhali: NGUMNTWANA AYINTONI "AYILUNGILE" Inkunzi yeBumri, ethatha inxaxheba eBorida, kwaye wayengoyiki ukuhlala wedwa ne-lv.

Kuyaziwa ukuba i-hem yamthanda uMbutho wabafazi kwaye yazibuza: yayikufanelekile intombazana eqiqayo ukuba ibonise iingqondo nezintle, kwaye u-Emenes wammangaliswa. UHemingay wadalwa njengomfanekiso wohlobo lukaMarquis de Garma, oxela ukuba wayeneziphatha-mbi, amanenekazi endlela yokuziphatha elula kunye ne-negroringrete. Intsomi ayikho okanye hayi, kodwa izibakala ezibonakalayo zithi u-Ernest wayenokukhetha kakhulu: Wayemthanda wonke umntu, kodwa wonke umtshato emva koko wabiza impazamo enkulu.

I-Ernest yokuqala ithandekayo yayingumongikazi othandekayo wase-Agon Kurovski, owawuphatha umbhali esibhedlele ukusuka kumanxeba afunyenweyo ngexesha lemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala. Yayiyinto eyenziwe ngeliso eliyiliso le-prototype ye-catherine barclay evela kwinoveli "Farewell, izixhobo!". UAune wayemdala kunonyuliweyo wakhe iminyaka esixhenxe, eneemvakalelo ezi-25 ezinamadoda azimeleyo, ebiza iileta "mntwana." Abantu abancinci bacinga ukuba babhalise ngokusemthethweni ubudlelwane babo ngomtshato, kodwa izicwangciso zabo bezingamiselwanga ukuza kuthi, njengoko i-theecy veloy ithanda ubuxoki.

Ukhetho lwesibini lobukrakra lunoncwadi lwaba ngumdlali we-Ellian of Doidist uFreshdson, owayemdala kunombhali iminyaka eyi-8. Mayingabi bubuhle njengo-Agne, kodwa lo mfazi kwiindlela zonke zixhasa uErnesnes kwimisebenzi yakhe kwaye wamnika umatshini oshicilelweyo. Emva komtshato, abantu abasanda kutshata bafudukela eParis, apho ukulimala kuqala. UElizabhete wazala i-hemambey entloko yentloko wikarra (BBI).

E-France, i-Ernest ihlala ityelele kwiindawo zokutyela apho ikofu iyonwabele kwinkampani yabahlobo babo. Ukubandakanya phakathi kwabantu bakhe kwakukho i-lione ye-ioy ye-ioy duff theddeden, eyayinokuzithemba kakhulu kwaye yayingapheliyo kwaye ayinyamalala. Ngaphandle kokuzibangela, uDuff wayenandipha ingqalelo yamadoda, kwaye ukungafani. Nangona kunjalo, omnye umbhali oselula akazange atshintshe iqabane. Emva kwexesha, i-Theedden yayikukutshintshwa "eBret Ashley kwinoveli" kwaye ilanga liphuma. "

Ngo-1927, uErnest waqala ukubandakanyeka kuPaulina Pfaifer, intombi kaElizabeth. UPilina akabuxabisi ubuhlobo nenkosikazi yombhali, kwaye ngokuchasene noko, wenza yonke into yokuphumelela indoda encinci. I-Pfefer yayilungile kwaye isebenza kwi-phession yefashoni ivakalayo. Emva koko, uErest uya kuthi uqhawulo-mtshato noRichardson uya kuba sesona sikhulu sobomi bakhe bonke: Wayemthanda uPaulina, kodwa wayengonwabanga naye. Ukususela kumtshato wesibini weHeminuming Uwelwe-babini abazalwa-uPatrick noGregory.

Inkosikazi yesithathu yeLaurete yaziwa ngokuba yimbambano yase-US ye-Matshi yeGolserrn. I-adventure blonde yamkeleleyo yokuzingela kwaye yayingoyiki ubunzima: Ihlala igubungela iindaba ezibalulekileyo zezopolitiko ezenzeka kweli lizwe, kwaye zasebenza ngokwenyani. Ukufezekiswa ngo-1940 uqhawulo-mtshato kuPaulina, uErnest wenza ukuba inikezwe ngoMatshi. Nangona kunjalo, kungekudala ubudlelwane babantu abatshatileyo "baphindwe kabini kwithulo", kuba iGellynrn yayizimele kakhulu ezizimeleyo, kwaye i-himingay yathanda ukulawula abafazi.

I-Hemingway yesine emxinwa yintatheli uMary Welsh. Le bhowde ye-blonde emtshatweni ixhase italente ka-Ernest, kwaye incedise ekupapasheni iingxaki, ukuba ngunobhala womyeni wakhe.

Ngo-1947, eVienna, umbhali oneminyaka engama-48 wathandana no-Adriana Ivanchich - intombazana engaphantsi kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala. I-Hemingway itsalwe kwi-Aristocrat emhlophe, kodwa i-Ivanchich yaphatha umbhali wamabali, malunga noYise, ngelixa igcina ubudlelwane. UMariya wayesazi nge-hobby yomyeni wakhe, nangona kunjalo, echithwa ngokuzolileyo, ngobulumko, esazi ukuba umlilo ovela kwi-chemistry ye-Hemingays akacimi ngayo nayiphi na indlela.

Ukufa

Ikamva lisoloko lisithintela ukunyamezelwa: i-hemingbay wasinda kwiingozi ezintlanu neentlekele ezisixhenxe, zanyangwa ngenxa yokuqhekeka, iqhekeza nengqondo yengqondo. Wakwazile ukupasa izilonda zaseSiberia, umhlaza wolusu kunye nemalariya.

Kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba ukufa kuka-Sorenerty ihluthwe i-goldpertered kunye nesifo seswekile, kodwa kwi "Cure" yabekwa kwi-psychiatic Daysic Mayo. Imeko yombhali yaba mandundu ngakumbi, ngaphandle koko, wafumana i-ranoia enomda malunga nokujonga. Ezi ngcinga zinciphise i-hemingay: Kubonakala ngathi kukho igumbi, naphi na apho lalixhotyiswe khona, kunye nezibeleko ze-FBI.

Oogqirha bekliniki baphatha iMatric "indlela yeklasikhi", basebenzela unyango lwesandi sombane. Emva kweeseshoni ezili-13, iingcali zengqondo zahluthwa ukubhala, kuba iinkumbulo zakhe eziqaqambileyo zazicinyiwe ngobothuso lombane. Unyango aluzange luncede, u-Ernest wafa kakhulu kuxinzelelo nakwiingcamango ezigwenxa, encokola ngokuzibulala. Ukubuya nge-2 kaJulayi, ngo-1961 emva kokukhutshwa kweKetchum, uErnest, owayengubomi, "waziphosa empuni.

Iinyani ezinomdla

• Ngenye imini, uErest waphikisana nohlobo, oluza kubhala owona msebenzi mfutshane nochukumisayo emhlabeni. Ubuhlakani obuncwadi okwaziyo ukuphumelela ukubheja ngokubhala amagama amathandathu ephepheni:

"Izicathulo zabantwana ziyathengiswa: azinxibi" ("ukuthengisa: izihlangu zomntwana, azidibani").

• U-Ernest ngaphambi kokuba uZhuchi wayeyoyika iintetho zikawonke-wonke, kwaye ngokukodwa wayezithiyile ii-autographs. Kodwa enye i-fan engapheliyo, iphupha malunga nesiginitsha exabisekileyo, ilandele umbhali kwiinyanga ezintathu. Ngenxa yoko, uHemingway wanikezela kwaye wabhala umyalezo onjalo:

"Viktor Hill, unyana otyhafileyo ongayiqondi impendulo" hayi "!" ("EVictor Hill, unyana wokwenene we-bitch, ongakwaziyo ukuthatha" Hayi "impendulo").

• Ngaphambi kokuba u-Ernest, uMary Welsh wayenomyeni ongafuni ukuvumela uqhawulo mtshato. Ke ngoko, xa umntu ovuthayo wabeka ikhadi lakhe lefoto kwindlu yangasese kwaye waqalisa ukudubula kumpu. Ngenxa yokutshutshiswa okuzenzekelayo, amagumbi ama-4 ayenziwa kwihotele ebizayo.

Iingcaphuno

• Ukuba nephanga, tshintshela zonke izithembiso zakho ezinxilisayo ebomini-iya kukufundisa ukugcina ulwimi lwamazinyo akho.
• Hamba kuphela kunye nabo bathandayo.
• Ukuba ebomini unokuba nenkonzo encinci, musa ukuba neentloni kuyo.
• Musa ukugweba umntu kubahlobo bakhe. Khumbula ukuba abahlobo bakaYuda babengabalulekanga.
• Jonga imifanekiso yokungakhathalelwa, funda iincwadi ngokunyaniseka kwaye uphile ngokuphila.
• Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumanisa ukuba uyamthemba umntu-ukumthemba.
• Kuzo zonke izilwanyana, umntu kuphela owaziyo ukuhleka, nangona nje ezinezizathu ezincinci zoku.
• Bonke abantu bahluleke baba ziindidi ezimbini: ezo zilula, kwaye zilula ngaphandle kwazo, kwaye ezinokuba nzima ngaphandle kwazo.

I-Bibliography

• "Amabali amathathu kunye nemibongo yeshumi (1923);
• "Kule mihla" (1925);
• "Kwaye ilanga (Fintue) liphuma" (1926);
• "I-farewell izamthi!" (1929);
• "Ukufa emva kwemini" (1932);
• "Sneg yeKilimanjaro" (1936);
• "Ukuba ungabinayo" (1937);
• "Umyalelo ubiza intsimbi" (1940);
• "Kuba umlambo, emthunzini wemithi" (1950);
• "Indoda endala nolwandle" (1952);
• "I-Hemingay, iNdawo yasendle" (1962);
• "Iziqithi elwandle" (1970);
• "Igadi eyiParadesi" (1986);
• "Ukuqokelelwa kwamabali amafutshane e-Ernest Heminga" (1987);