Biography
I-Woland yaseRoma Bulgakova yathi: "Ungaze ucele nto! Akaze nakanye nantoni na, ngakumbi abo banamandla kunawe. Uya kubonelela kwaye wonke umntu uza kunika yonke into! ".Esi sicatshulwa esivela kumsebenzi ongafiyo "inkosi kunye neMargarita" iphawula ubomi bomqambi we-Austrian Franz Scyser, uqhele ingoma "(" Ingoma yesithathu ").
Ebomini, akazange azame uzuko. Nangona iMisebenzi ye-Austrian yaza yasasazwa kuzo zonke iiSansna, i-Schubert iphila ngokungapheliyo. Nje ukuba umbhali athumele idyasi yakhe kwi-balcony kunye neepokotho ngaphakathi. Esi sidambisi sijongiwe kubabolekisi kwaye sasithetha ukuba akukho nto siyifunayo kwi-SCHUBERT. Ngobumnandi bozuko kuphela, uFranz wasweleka kwiminyaka engama-31 ubudala. Kodwa kamva, lo mculo uGuius akazange aqaphele kungekuphela kwilizwe lakhe, kodwa nakwilizwe lakhe: Ilifa le-SCHubert likhulu, waqulunqa iwaka lemisebenzi: I-Waltz, iSenad kunye nezinye iiradi.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
UFranz Peter Schubert wazalelwa eOstriya, ekude nedolophu eyinyani yaseVienna. Inkwenkwe enesiphiwo yakhula kwintsapho engekho sesikweni: Utata wakhe ngutitshala wesikolo uFranz theodore-kwenzeka eluhlobo oluthile, kunye noMama-umpheki kaElisz (NEE FITZ) wayeyintombi yommeli waseSilesia. Ukongeza eFranz, amaqabane akhulisa abanye abantwana abane (kubantwana abayi-14 abazelwe kwi-9 basweleka ebuntwaneni).
Akumangalisi ukuba i-mastro yekamva ibonise uthando lwamanqaku, kuba endlwini yakhe kwakusoloko kukho "ukutsalwa" ngokudlala i-violin noCelnz. UFranz Jr. wayejikelezwe ngumntu ozonwabisayo weengoma, kuba usapho lokwamkela ii-SCHUBRORs zihlala zifumana iindwendwe, ukulungisa ngokuhlwa.
Ukubonakalisa italente yonyana wakhe, ekwiminyaka esixhenxe yabadala ngaphandle kwezitshixo, abazali bachaza iFranz kwi-Likez kwi-Likesh, apho inkwenkwe izamile ukuba ifundise umdlalo, kwaye i-M Holzer ifundisiwe I-SCHUBRE YABASELULA KWI-ARCY ARD, awayiqondayo ubuqaqawuli.
Xa uphawu lwexesha elizayo lwaqala kwiminyaka eli-11 ubudala, yamkelwa ngu-chopel kwi-chapel yenkundla, eyayikwi-vienna, kwaye ibhalile esikolweni kunye nendawo abahlobo abathembekileyo. Kwiziko lemfundo, i-SCHubert yayinomona ngomona ngobukrelekrele boMculo, nangona kunjalo, iMathematics kunye nesiLatin sanikwa amakhwenkwe.
Kufanelekile ukuthi kwitalente ye-Austrian oselula akukho mntu wayethandabuza. I-rusell ruzhichka, eyafundise ilizwi leBass Bhasch ye-Bhasch yelizwi lomculo, inxenye yachaza ukuba:
"Andinanto ukumfundisayo! Bonke bayazi kwiNkosi, uThixo. "Kwaye ngo-1808, i-SCHUBRET yavunywa kuvuyo lwabazali kwiKwayali yaseMvula. Xa inkwenkwe yaguquka iminyaka eli-13 ubudala, ngokuzimeleyo yabhala ubume bakhe bokuqala, kwaye emva kweminyaka emi-2 kunye nomfana owayeqala ukubandakanyeka kumgaqo owaziwayo uAntonio Sallaio Salieri, owayengazange athabathe imali kumvuzo wemali oselula.
Umculo
Xa ilizwi le-schubert laqala ukwahlukana, indawo encinci yesizathu esivakalayo sanyanzelwa ukuba ilahle igwebi. Utata Franz waphupha ukuba wangena kwisemina katitshala kwaye wahamba emanyathelweni akhe. I-SCHUBRET ayikwazanga ukumelana nothando lomzali wakhe, ngoko emva kokuphumelela kwaqalisa ukusebenza esikolweni, apho ndafundisa ialfabhethi kubantwana abancinci.
Nangona kunjalo, umntu obomi bakhe abuthandileyo kumculo, umfundisi obalaseleyo wabafana. Ke ngoko, phakathi kwezifundo ezibangela ukungcungcuthekiswa kuphela phakathi kweFranz, wahlala phantsi etafileni kwaye waqamba imisebenzi, kwaye efunda nemisebenzi yaseMozart, iBeethoven neGlukkka.
Ngo-1814, wabhala u-Opera "Mesyile inqaba" kwaye inkulu i-fa enkulu. Kwaye kwiminyaka engama-20, i-SCHubert yaba ngumbhali ubuncinci oneminyaka emihlanu, uSonyana wesixhenxe kunye neengoma ezintathu zengoma. Umculo awuzange ushiye iingcinga ze-SCHUBRET umzuzu: umbhali onetalente uvuke nkqu phakathi kobusuku ukuze ube nexesha lokubhala iphupha elivakalayo ephupheni.
Ngexesha lakhe elikhululekileyo, iAustrian ilungiselele ngokuhlwa: kwindlu kaTschbert, engazange ahambe kude nepiyano kwaye ahlala engaphumli, abahlobo abasenyongweni bavele.
Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1816, uFranz wazama ukufikelela kwisikhundla sentloko ye-choir Chapel, kodwa izicwangciso zakhe azimiselalelwa ukuzaliseka. Kungekudala uSchubert ndiyabulela kubahlobo badibana ne-Austrian Barian Barian Bariton Johann Foglla.
Yayingumculi owanceda uSchubert ukuba azinzise ebomini: wenza iingoma phantsi kweFranz ehamba ne-Frann Salons yaseVienna.
Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuthi i-Austrian yayinesixhobo sekhibhodi njenge, umzekelo, iBeethoven. Wayengasoloko esenza umbono ofanelekileyo wokumamela esidlangalaleni, ngoko ke bahlawulelwa i-Visa.
Ngo-1817, uFranz uba ngumbhali womculo kwingoma ethi "trout" kumazwi akwi-Schubert yamaKristu akhe. Kwakhona, umqambi waduma ngomculo kwi-ballad yombhali waseJamani uGiethe Lesnoy Tsar, kwaye ebusika i-1818 i-Erlafsee "e-Erlafse" e-Erlafse "eqhutywa nguMshicileli, nangona abasebenzi bahlala befunyanwa phambi kwe Udumo lwe-SCHUBERT.
Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kwiminyaka ye-piak yokuduma, uFranz wafumana ukuthandana. Ke, amaqabane akhe (Umbhali Baurferfeld, umqambi Huittennnerner, i-Artist Schwind kunye nabanye abahlobo) banceda imali yokucula.
Xa uSchubert wade waqiniseka ngomsebenzi wakhe, ngo-1818 wawushiya uYobhi esikolweni. Kodwa utata wakhe wayengasithandiyo isigqibo sokuzonwabisa soNyana, ngoko ke wasindisa umntwana wakhe onceda abantu bakhe. Ngenxa yoku, iFrench kwakufuneka icele ubusuku kunye nabahlobo.
Ithamsanqa kubomi bomqambi yayitshintsha kakhulu. I-Opera "Alfonso kunye ne-Estrella" kwimibhalo yesikimu, eyayijonga iFranz, yagaywa. Kule meko, imeko yezinto eziphathekayo ze-SCHUBRET zibi kakhulu. Ngo-1822 umqambi wosulele isifo esijonge phantsi impilo yakhe. Embindini wehlobo, uFranz wafudukela elumicweni, apho waya kuhlala khona kwilifa lababale uJohanna Estehazi. Apho i-SCHUBRET yafundisa izifundo zomculo kubantwana bayo.
Ngo-1823, i-SCHubert iba lulungu lozuko lwe-SCCINI kunye ne-LINI yemibutho yomculo. Kwakuloo nyaka, imvumi idibanisa "i-mellenchika entle" yengoma yamagama embongi yothando uWilhelm Müller. Kula magama, kuyaxelelwa malunga nelona enwele eliye lafuna ulonwabo.
Kodwa ulonwabo lwendodana lwaluluthando: Xa wabona intombi kabisile, utolo oluqhutywa yintliziyo yakhe. Kodwa intanda ithandile imbangi yakhe, umzingeli oselula, ngoko, imvakalelo yovuyo nenkulu, yaza yaphakamisa umhambi, yaba lusizi.
Emva kwempumelelo enkulu 'yeMelnich entle "ebusika nasekupheleni kwe-1827, i-SCHubert isebenza ngomnye umjikelo obizwa ngokuba" yindlela ebusika ". Umculo, obhalwe kumagama e-muller, wahlulelwe yi-phessimism. UFranz ngokwakhe wabizwa ngokuba yi-Brain't ye-Wrengqe yeengoma zengqondo. " Kuyaphawuleka ukuba loo nto imnandi kakhulu malunga nothando olungafundanga iSchubrt kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba afe.
I-biography ye-Frambey ibonisa ukuba ngamanye amaxesha kuye kwafuneka aphile kwi-atticted i-attic, apho athabayo i-rachin evuthayo ebambe imisebenzi emihle kubo abongikazi. Umqambi wayehlwempuzeke kakhulu, kodwa wayengafuni kubakho ngoncedo lwemali.
"Iza kwenzeka ntoni kum ..." wabhala uSchubert, "Mna, mhlawumbi, kuya kufuneka ndisaluphala, ndingena emnyango, ndiphuma phambi kwesonka."Kodwa uFranz akakwazanga kwaye ucinga ukuba akazukuba mdala. Xa imvumi yayisecaleni kokuphelelwa lithemba, uthixokazi wexesha elizayo wancuma kwakhona: ngo-1828, uSchubert wanyulelwa ilungu labahlobo bomculo, kwaye ngoMatshi 26, umqambi wanika ikonsathi yombhali okokuqala . Intsebenzo yayingu-Triumpal, kwaye iholo yaphuma kwihlombe elikhulu. Ngolu suku, iFranz kwilizwe lokuqala nelokugqibela ebomini bakhe kwakufumanisa ukuba iyimpumelelo yokwenene.
Ubomi Buqu
Ebomini, umqambi omkhulu wayenamahloni kwaye enentloni. Ke ngoko, uninzi lomphunga lombhali lwenziwa ngenxa yokuphambuka kwakhe. Imeko yezinto eziphathekayo zikaFranz iye yaba sisikhubekiso kwindlela eya kolonwabo, kuba intanda yakhe inyule umyeni otyebileyo.
Uthando luka-Schubert lwabizwa ngokuba yiTeresa Horb. Ngale ndlela ikhethekileyo eFranz yadibana, ukuba sekwayaleni kwecawa. Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba le ntombazana ineenwele ayivanga ubuhle, kodwa ngokuchaseneyo, yayinembonakalo eqhelekileyo 'ekhutshelwe "i-Expeding" ihonjiswe "inyuka" kwii-eyelids .
Kodwa akukho mbono itsala i-scubert ekukhetheni inenekazi lentliziyo. Wayecekeceke ngenxa yokuba uTeresa ngoTheresa noTheresi noGurepid kwaye ukhathazekile waphulaphula umculo, kwaye ngeli xesha lamaxesha ebusweni bakhe wafumana inkohliso kujonga, kwaye ulonwabo lukhanyisiwe emehlweni akhe.
Kodwa, ekubeni le ntombazana iphumile ngaphandle koYise, umama wakhe wanyanzelisa ukuba wakhethe owawuthathe lo phawu kunye nemali. Ke ngoko, uGorb utshatele i-pastry etyebileyo.
Ubomi bonke bobuqu be-SCHUBet inqabile. Ngokutsho kwamarhe, umqambi ngo-1822 wasulelwa yi-syphilis - ngelo xesha isifo esinganyangekiyo. Ngokusekwe koku, inokuthathwa ukuba iFranz ayizange inyamalale ukutyelela izindlu zikarhulumente.
Ukufa
Ukuwa kwe-1828, uFranz Schubert watshutshiswa yi-fever yeveki ezimbini ebangelwa sisifo esosulelayo samathumbu-sisu. NgoNovemba 19, eneminyaka engama-32 engaphelelanga, i-uper enkulu yafa.
I-Austrian (ngokweminqweno yokugqibela) ingcwatyelwe kumangcwaba angqinela ecaleni kwengcwaba lesithixo lakhe - iBeethoven.
Iinyani ezinomdla
- Ukuze imali ibuyiselwe kwikonsathi ye-Tripthal, eyenzeka ngo-1828, uFranz Schubert wafumana ipiyano.
- Ukuwa kwe-1822, umqambi wabhala "symphony No. 8", ongene ibali njenge "sympleny engafakwanga". Inyani yile yokuba ekuqaleni uFranz wadala le mveliso ngohlobo lwe-chaliline, emva koko inqaku. Kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esingaqondakaliyo, i-SCHUBERET ayizange igqitywe umsebenzi kwi-raraby. Ngokutsho kwamarhe, eminye imibhalo yesandla ilahlekile kwaye igcinwe nabahlobo baka-Austria.
- Impazamo yempazamo kwi-SCHUBERT ibhalile igama lomdlalo. Kodwa ibinzana elithi "umntamo womculo" laliphuma nomshicileli uLeddidsdorf.
- I-SCHUBRT yamkelekile i-goehe. Imvumi eyayiphuphe intlanganiso kunye nombhali odumileyo, kodwa iphupha lakhe alizange lizalisekiswe.
- I-SCHUBET enkulu ka-SCHEUTTAT Symphony ye-Scyhony enkulu ifumene iminyaka eli-10 emva kokuba efile.
- Ukuhlonitshwa komdlalo uFranz "rosamandi" wabizwa ngokuba yi-Aleroid, eyavulwa ngo-1904.
- Emva kwengcwaba lomqambi, ubunzima bemibhalo engeyomfuneko. Ixesha elide, abantu babengazi ukuba kubhalwe ntoni nge-SCHUBRT.
I-discography
Iingoma (ngaphezulu kwe-600)
- Umjikelo "Mellechha" (1823)
- Umjikelo "Indlela ebusika" (1827)
- Ukuqokelela "Ingoma yeSwan" (1827-1828, Pomthumous)
- Malunga neeNgoma ezingama-70 kwiitekisi ze-goehe
- Malunga neengoma ezingama-50 kwiZicatshulwa zeSchiller
Symphony
- I-D-Dur (1813)
- Okwesibini B-Dur (1815)
- Isithathu D-Dur (1815)
- Isine se-c-moll "tragic" (1816)
- Isihlanu B-Dur (1816)
- Isithandathu se-C-Dur (1818)
I-SORTETS (i-22 kuphela)
- IQett B-Durt OP. 168 (1814)
- I-G-moll yekota (1815)
- I-thyt a-moll OP. 29 (1824)
- I-thytt d-moll (1824-1826)
- I-thyt g-dur op. 161 (1826)