Biography
Ummeli oqaqambileyo we-Golden Agemerry Wyodor Fnyodor tyutchev iqukumbele ngobuchule iingcinga zakhe, inkanuko kunye nemvakalelo yesingqisho ye-Yamba, ivumela abafundi ukuba bazive benobunzima bokwenyani. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, imibongo yembongi ifundela umhlaba wonke.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Imbongi yexesha elizayo yazalwa ngoNovemba 23, i-1803 kwilali yase-Oststig Bryansky yePhondo le-Oryol. UFer-umntwana ophakathi kusapho. Ukongeza kuye, uIvan Nikolayevich kunye nenkosikazi yakhe i-Ekaterna Lupvvna yayinabantwana ababini: unyana olizibulo nguNikolai (i-1801-18770) kunye nentombi encinci - (1806-1877).
Umbhali ukhule kwimozulu yezolo. Kumama, wasizuza njengelifa intlangano yengqondo engacocekanga, i-LIMIRICIL kwaye iphuhliswe. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo, lonke usapho lwakudala lwakudala lweTyutchev lalinenqanaba eliphezulu ngokomoya.
Kwiminyaka eyi-4, uNikolai Afanasilevich Flazov (1770-1826) - owayethengwa, owayethengwe ngaphandle kwenqaba ekuxhomekeke kuyo, efaka inkonzo ukubala.
Nobukrelekrele, indoda enguThixo, ayizuzanga nje imbeko yeNkosi, kodwa yaba ngumdla odlangalaleni ngekamva kunye nomhlobo nomlingane. Iiflegi zabona ukuvuswa kwe-genius yoncwadi yeTyutchev. Kwenzekile ngo-1809, xa uFyocor engazalisekanga iminyaka emithandathu, ngelixa ehamba emgceni ecaleni kwamalali, wakhubeka kwidolophu efileyo. Inkwenkwe engenangqondo yanika umngcwabo wentaka kwaye wamba i-Epitaph kwiivesi kwimbeko yakhe.
Ebusika, i-1810, intloko yentsapho yaqhutywa liLizwi elixabisekileyo lomfazi walo, lathenga indawo yokuhlala eMoscow. I-tyutchev ihambile apho ixesha lobusika libanda. Oneminyaka esixhenxe uFenal wayeyithanda kakhulu igumbi lakhe eliqaqambileyo, apho bekungekho mntu waphazamisayo ukusuka ekuseni ngobusuku ukuze ufunde imibongo ye-zhukovsky, i-DMiriev neDerzhavin.
Ngo-1812, indlela yoxolo yeMoscow yophula imfazwe yokuthand 'izwe. Njengabameli abaninzi be-Intelligia, uTyutchev ngoko nangoko i-capital kwaye ishiyekile kwi-Yaroslavl. Apho, le ntsapho yahlala de kube sekupheleni kobutshaba.
Ukubuyela kwakhe eMoscow, uIvan Nikolayevich kunye ne-Ekaterina Lvovna bagqibe kwelokuba baqeqeshe abantwana babo kuphela igrama, kodwa nokubethelela ulwimi olungezomthetho kwiilwimi zasemzini ngeelwimi zasemzini. Phantsi kobunkokheli obuqhubekayo wembongi kunye noguquleli imbewu ye-egorovich u-raich ufundele iiSayensi ezichanekileyo kunye nokuqhelana nobuchule boncwadi lwehlabathi, ukubonisa umdla onyanisekileyo kwimibongo ye-Antique.
Ngo-1817, intatheli yexesha elizayo njengoko i-soSter Luster ehamba nomgxeki odumileyo owodwa uAlexei Fedorovich Merzlyakwa. Unjingalwazi waphawula italente yakhe ebalaseleyo kwaye ngoFebruwari 22, 1818 kwintlanganiso yoMbutho wabathandi boNcwadi lwaseRussia, wafunda i-odu cyutchev entsha ye-1816. Ngomhla wamashumi amathathu ananye ngo-30, imbongi eneminyaka elishumi elinesine yanikwa isihloko selungu loluntu, kwaye ngonyaka wakhe umbongo "wabonakala kumaphephandaba.
Ukuwa kwe-1819, ithemba elibonisa le ndoda labhaliswa kwiYunivesithi yaseMoscow kwiCandelo loncwadi. Apho waba ngabahlobo kwi-vladimir encinana e-Odenovsky, i-Shen Shevyrev kunye neMikhail Pofodiny. IYunivesithi yaseTyutchev iphumelele iminyaka emithathu ngaphambi komhla ophantsi kwaye ikhutshwe kwiziko lemfundo elinomgangatho womgqatswa.
Nge-5 kaFebruwari 1822, uTata wazisa uFersburg, kwaye sele ebhalwe ngoFebruwari 24, uTyutchev oneminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo ubudala wabonakaliswa kwinkonzo kwizabelo zezangaphandle neGubernsky. Kwigumbi elingasemantla, wayehlala kwiNdlu yokuThola kwakhe u-Osterman-Tolstoy, owamvusa umhla we-istance cesch censia ye-avaria.
Uncwadi
Kwikomkhulu le-bavaria, i-tyutchev ayifundanga kuphela intanda-bulumko ye-rootic kunye nentanda-moya yaseJamani, kodwa iguqulelwe kumsebenzi waseRinerich uSchiller noJohann Goethe. Iivesi zakwaFede Ivanovich ezipapashwe kwiMagazini yaseRussia Gatesi noAlmana North Lira.
Kwiminyaka yokuqala yobomi eMunich (ukusuka nge-1820 ukuya kwi-1830), uTyutchev wabhala eyona mibongo ibalulekileyo: "Indudumo yasentwasahlobo" (1828), "cwaka!" (1830), "Njengebhola yolwandle ibhola ..." (1830), "uMthombo" (1836), "ubusika abunomsindo ..." (1836), "hayi loo manti, indalo ..." ( Ngo-1836), "Uhamba ntoni, moya ubusuku? .." (1836).
UFeme weza kwimbongi ngonyaka ka-1836, xa kwimagazini, egadileyo 'phantsi kwentloko' emibongo ethunyelweyo evela eJamani "epapashwe ngeminyaka eli-16. Ngo-1841, uTyutchev wadibana no-Wessa Ganka - inkokeli ye-Czech Reduvation eneempembelelo enkulu kwimbongi. Emva kwale ntlungu, imibono ye-flavophilism ifumene umbono oqaqambileyo kwintatheli kunye neengoma zezopolitiko zikaFyodor Ivanovich.
Ukususela ngo-1848, i-pender ivanovich yayiquka ukuba ufumana umsebenzi. Ukunqongophala kweempapasho zombongo akuzange kumthintele ekubeni ngumntu obonakalayo kwi-St. Ke, i-nekrasov enomdla ngomsebenzi we-Fyoodovich kwaye uyibeka kumqolo omnye ngeyona mibongo ilungileyo-abantu ababephila ngexesha lokuhlala, kunye ne-FETS esebenzise imisebenzi yeTyutchev njengobungqina bobukumkani "befilosofi".
Ngo-1854, umbhali wakhupha ukuqulunqwa kokuqala kwihlabathi, equka zombini imibongo emidala ye-1820-1830s kunye nendalo entsha yombhali. Imibongo ye-1850s yayizinikele kwi-tutchev ethandwayo yiTyutchev - elena Demesheva.
Ngo-1864, uMyuzimntu weFentur Ivanovich wasweleka. Impapashi ibuhlungu kakhulu le lahleko. Wafumana usindiso kubugcisa. Imibongo ye "Mudheshsky" ("yonke imini ulele ukulibala ...", "Kusekho konke-ukubulawa kwam-", "ngapha ka-Agasti ka-46,", " Owu, eli phepha, owu, kumnandi! .. "," Kukho ikwindla yokuqala ... ") - ephezulu yothando lweengoma zembongi.
Emva kwemfazwe yolwaphulo-mthetho, uAlexander Mikhailovich Gerchakov waba ngumphathiswa omtsha weMicimbi yangaphandle baseRussia. Ummeli wezobupolitika yezopolitiko ehlonitwe ngengqondo yakhe. Ubuhlobo kunye ne-Chancellor ivunyelwe i-ivanovich ifuthe kumgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle waseRussia.
Izimvo ze-FOVEVOPIC ze-Fyoodovich ziyaqhubeka zomelezwa. Kuyinyani, emva koloyiko kwiMfazwe yoTristinya ngekota, "Andiqondi kakuhle ingqondo yaseRussia ..." (1866) uTyutchev waqalisa ukubiza abantu ukuba bangabizi kwezopolitiko, kodwa banxulumana ngokomoya.
Ubomi Buqu
Abantu abangayazi i-biography ye-tyutchev ibaleka ngobomi bakhe kunye nobuchule, cinga ukuba imbongi yaseRussia yayiluhlobo lomoya, kwaye iya kufikelela ngokupheleleyo kwisigqibo sakhe. Kwii-salon zoncwadi zexesha malunga ne-adventued advents yombhali, iintsomi zenziwa.
Uthando lokuqala lombhali yayiyintombazana engaqhelekanga ye-Prusrian Chridrich Wilhelm III - I-AMALANEA LERHINEPEP. I-Pushkin, kunye neNicholas i, kwaye ndibale i-Benkendorf, ihlome ubuhle bentombazana. Wayeneminyaka eli-14 ubudala xa wadibana noTyutchev kwaye wayenomdla. Uvelwano lwaluncinci.
Umfana ohlala kwimali yabazali akazange anelise zonke izicelo ezivela kwintokazi efunwayo. Uthando luka-Ambia lonyule impilo-ntle kunye no-1825 utshatile ceudner. Umtshato we-Lielfefeld wothukile nguFedor ukuba umthunywa we-DASHKOv uprontsov, uthumele iNtaba kaKavalera kwiholide.
Kwaye nangona uTyutchev wathobela ububi, umphefumlo wengoma yobomi bakhe bonke watyiwa kwa-IToldOnta unxanelwe uthando. Kwisithuba sexesha nje, umfazi wakhe wokuqala uEleanor wakwazi ukukhupha umsindo ngaphakathi kwembongi.
Intsapho yakhula, enye emva kokuba enye intombi izalelwe: UAna, Daria, Catherine. Imali yayiyintlekele. Ngayo yonke ingqondo yakhe kunye nokuqonda, uTyutchev wahluthwa ububele kunye nokubanda, ngenxa yokuba inyuso yayisenkonzweni yayisiya ngamanyathelo e-shushu ezisixhenxe. I-ivanovich yobomi bosapho. Umbutho wabantwana kunye namaqabane akhetha iinkampani ezithandwayo ezivela kubahlobo kunye ne-interrinsics yehlabathi ngamanenekazi avela kwezona ndawo ziphezulu.
Ngo-1833, iBalu Teutchev ifanelwe yibhanti ethengiswayo e-Ernetin Von Phosa. Inoveli yabo yathetha lonke iqhina loncwadi. Ngexesha lokuxabana okulandelayo kwaphelelwa ngumona, umfazi okwiphepha lokuphelelwa lithemba ubambe idegger kwaye wazibetha esifubeni. Ngethamsanqa, inxeba lalingabulalanga.
Ngaphandle kwesityholo, esaqhekeka kwimithombo yeendaba, kunye nokuhlaziywa ngokubanzi eluntwini, umbhali akaphumelelanga kwinkosikazi yakhe, kwaye ukusweleka kweqabane elisemthethweni libeka yonke into endaweni yayo. Kwiinyanga ezili-10 emva kokubulawa kwe-Eleanora, imbongi yayibhalisa ngokusemthethweni ulwalamano lwakhe noTonestina.
Ikamva eladlalwa ne-Baross Ihlekiso lobubi: Ibhinqa elalisatshabalalisa usapho iminyaka eli-14 labelane nomyeni osemthethweni kunye nenkosikazi encinci - i-Deccy-Elexandrovna.
Ukufa
Ebudeni-60s-Kuqala 70s, i-tutchev engalinganiyo yaqala ukuthatha izikhundla: ngo-1864, intanda yombhali - i-Eatherheva Alexandna, ngo-1870 ishushu Umzalwana othandekayo wombhali uNikolai nonyana wakhe waseDmitry, kwaye emva kweminyaka emininzi, intombi ka-Arialist yaya ehlabathini.
Ukubuyiselwa komhlaba kuchaphazele kakubi impilo yembongi. Emva kokugwayimba okokuqala kweparanti (Juature 1, 1873), i-Fyodor Ivanovich yayikukuphuphuma kwebhedi, emva komzuzwana waphila iiveki ezininzi kwintlungu yentlungu kwaye wasweleka nge-27 ka-1873. Ibhokisi yomzimba yengoma ihanjiswa kwilali yasebukhosini emangcwabeni le-novododevichichi kwi-St. Petersburg.
Ilifa lembali lemimandla yegolide yeGolden yemibongo yeRussia igcinwe kwimibongo yokuqokelela. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngo-2003, ngo-2003, "umprofeti kwi-thedor yakhe iFederch Tyutchev" yabekwa ngamanqanaba eTV "Uthando kunye noPravda Fedutchev". Umlawuli wefilimu wenziwa yintombi yeSergey Scieffukashaly. Uqhelekile kubaphulaphuli baseRussia njengefilimu u-Andrei Tarkovsky "Solaris".
I-Bibliography
- "ARP SCAVD" (1834);
- "Indudumo yasentwasahlobo" (1828);
- "Imini nobusuku" (1839);
- "Hayi indlela engalindelekanga kwaye ikhanya ..." (1865);
- "Phendula kwidilesi" (1865);
- "I-Italian Ville" (1837);
- "Bendimazi kwanaxa" (1861);
- "Kusasa ezintabeni" (1830);
- "Imililo" (1868);
- "Jonga njengegreve green ..." (1857);
- "Ukudakumba" (1829);
- "Lala elwandle" (1830);
- "Ithambeka" (1829);
- "I-encyclica" (1864);
- "IRoma ebusuku" (1850);
- "Umthendeleko wokuCongaza, imisebenzi ethe cwaka ..." (1850).