Biography
Umbhali wethiyori yothando yeetanki zamanzi, i-Georges Sand, ingangeniswa kumqolo omnye wabameli beFrentshi eFrentshi kwi-French Rounticism - I-Alfred De Chasturs kunye ne-Alexander Duma.
Ubomi obuqikelelweyo bobutyebi be-hostess, ukhetha ukuhlaselwa ngokupheleleyo kunye nokuwa kombhali. Kwimisebenzi yakhe, izimvo zenkululeko kunye nobuhlwempu zazilawulwa, kwaye inkanuko yakhuliswa emphefumlweni. Ngelixa abafundi befika ngovelwano, ama-moraeley agabalwa isanti kumntwali wendalo iphela. Kubo bonke ubomi beGeorges wazikhusela kwaye ubuchule bakhe, buye batshabalala izimvo zokutshaya malunga nendlela ekufuneka ijonge ngayo umfazi.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
UAmanda Aulic Lucille Dupen wazalelwa kwi-1804 kwikomkhulu laseFrance - Paris. Utata wenkunkuma - uMaurice Dupin ngabantu bomthonyama, bamnyula umsebenzi wasemkhosini, owayesebenza kakubi. Umama we-noveltists - uAntoine-Sokie Vitoria uChictoria, intombi yentaka - yayinodumo olubi waza wafumana umdaniso. Ngenxa yemvelaphi kamama, izalamane ezingama-Aristocty ixesha elide zangayamkeli iAmandan. Ukufa kweNtloko yoSapho kwabutshintsha ubomi bentlabathi emilenzeni.
UMnumzana Dupin (umakhulu kamakhulu), owayekhe wasala iintlanganiso nomzukulwana wakhe, emva kokusweleka konyana oshushu ovunywa ngu-Aurora, kodwa kwabakho ulwimi oluqhelekileyo kunye nomntu oyintombazana. Iingxabano zihlala ziphambi kwabafazi. USophie Victoria woyika ukuba emva kwengxabano elandelayo, abalupheleyo, abalupheleyo bambiza ukuba anyange amafa. Ukuze angafumani ikamva, walishiya le ndawo, eshiya intombi ekukhathaleleni umkhwekazi.
Isanti yobuntwana ayinakubizwa ngoyolo: Unqabile ukuba unxibelelene noontanga, kwaye iintombi zikamakhulu, kwelinye icala, zibonisa ukungahloniphi. Isangqa sonxibelelwano sombhali sasinqunyelwe kumandla akhulileyo kunye ne-monsiere dessard, utitshala. Intombazana leyo yayifuna ukuba nomhlobo kangako kangako. Iqabane elithembekileyo uAurora lalibizwa ngokuba yi-coram. Esi sidalwa somlingo sasingumcebisi, kunye noMphulaphuli, kunye nengelosi yomgcini.
UAmandin wayekhathazekile kakhulu ngokwahlukana nomama. Intombazana imbone kuphela emva kwexesha, eza nomakhulu wakhe eParis. Unkosikazi Dupin wafuna ukunciphisa impembelelo kaSophie Victoria ukuba ubuncinci. Ukudinwa kolondolozo olugqithisileyo, i-aurora yanda. Ibala lalimalunga nenjongo yesanti kwaye yathumela umzukulwana wakhe owayesa izandla zakhe kwiNdawo yeNdwerha yamaKaugurininia (1818-1820).
Apho umbhali wadibana noncwadi lwenkolo. Ukuguqula isicatshulwa seZibhalo Ezingcwele, indlela yokuphila yo-Ascetic inyanzelekile kwiinyanga ezininzi. Ukuchongwa kwe-Teresa eNgcwele kukhokelele ekubeni i-Aurora ilahlekile ukulala kunye nomdla.
Ayaziwa ukuba la mava anokuphele njani, ukuba i-abbot ye-abbot ayizange iyonwabele ngexesha. Ngenxa yemvakalelo ye-fannial kunye nezifo ezihlala, i-georges ayinakukwazi ukuqhubeka nokufunda. Ngentsikelelo yeentolongo, umakhulu uthathe ikhaya lakhe lomzukulwana. Umoya omtsha waya entlabathini ukuze ufumane inzuzo. Emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa, kwasala umkhondo ovela kwi-velicicm yenkolo.
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba uAurora wayesisityebi, elumkile kwaye elungile, eluntwini, wayethathwa njengogqatswa abangafanelekanga ngokupheleleyo kwindima yomfazi wakhe. Imvelaphi esezantsi yoMama yayenza ayilingani ncam ngakumbi kulutsha oluphakathi. I-Dupsin ye-Dupin ayinaxesha lokufumana umzukulwana womyeni: Ubhubhile xa uGeorges wayeneminyaka eli-17 ubudala. Okwangoku, imisebenzi ye-mabies, iLebnitsa kunye ne-WOCK yakho yahlala inyamekela umama ongafundanga.
Inzonzobila eyenziwe ngexesha lokwahlula phakathi kweSophi Victoria kunye neSanti yayenzelwe ukufunda, umama wakhe wayecinga ukuba ichitha inkcitho yexesha kwaye ihlala ithatha le ncwadi ishiyekileyo; Intombazana ifuna indlu ebanzi kuNoNana - uSophie Vitoria wambamba kwigumbi elincinci eParis; UGeorges waba lusizi ngogogo-umdanisi, lowo wawubalulekile, emva koko wanyibilika nguBukhoboka oMkhwekazi.
Emva kokuba i-atoinette yaphumelela ukunyanzela intombi ukuba itshatise umntu onesidima esiqatha kwi-Aurora e-Aurora, umhlolokazi ofundisiweyo wengcuka watsalela umonakalo kwaye wasongelwa ngompu. Ngelo xesha, umncinci waqonda ukuba umtshato ungamnceda ahlukane nengcinezelo yomama ofudukayo.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi obudala malunga ne-apventuus elvesures yesanti, iintsomi zifunyenwe. Ii-rags ezichazwe kwiinoveli zakhe kunye nolwalamano olungelulo loncwadi lweFrance, ukubakho ukuba ngenxa yengqondo engafezekanga ngokupheleleyo, umntu obhinqileyo wakhetha amadoda emncinci kunaye. Kwakukho namahemuhemu kwaye malunga nothando lwabafundi bentombi yakhe, umThetho uMarie Dorval.
Ibhinqa elalineqela elikhulu labalandeli lalitshatile kanye. Indoda yakhe (ukusuka ngo-1822 ukuya kwi-1836) yayinguBaron Casiriya Dudevan. Kule manyano, umbhali wazala unyana kaMaurice (1823) nentombi yase-Sange (1828). Ngenxa yabantwana, amaqabane adanqeni omnye komnye babezama ukutshata. Kodwa ukungafezeki kwiimbono zobomi kuvulwe ukuba namandla kunomnqweno wokukhulisa unyana nentombi yakhe kwintsapho epheleleyo.
I-Aurora ayifihli indalo yakhe yothando. Iquka ubudlelwane obuvulekileyo kunye ne-Poet Alfred De Mussse, i-Terenser ferlita iphepha kunye nePianist-Febuoso Frederick Chopin. Ulwalamano kunye nelona nxeba lishiye inxeba elinzulu emphefumlweni we-Aurora kwaye uboniswe kwimisebenzi yesanti "ye-lucretia floriani" kunye "nobusika eMallorca".
Igama lokwenyani
I-rosut to roseut "roses kunye ne-blanche" (1831) sisiphumo sokusebenzisana kwe-aurora kunye nejusi, umhlobo osondeleyo wombhali. Intsebenziswano, njengeyona i-fanlov, epapashwe kwimagazini i-GIGAROD "FIAROR", yatyikitywa yi-puundudontm yabo eqhelekileyo - isanti yeminyaka ende. Ababhali besibini baseIndia "(1832) bacwangcisa ukubhala ngokusebenzisana, kodwa ngenxa yokugula, iBellarrist ayizange ithathe inxaxheba ekudalweni komsebenzi wobugcisa, kwaye uDuduvan wabhala umsebenzi kwi-crust.
USando akazange avume phantsi kwePseundenym aqhelekileyo ukuvelisa incwadi ekukhanyeni, kwindalo ekungekho nto abengenayo. Umshicileli wanyanzela kulondolozo lwesikhathu, apho sele beqhelekile. Ngenxa yokuba usapho lwe-nooveli luchasene nokubekwa kwegama labo ukuba wonke umntu ahlole, umbhali akakwazanga ukuprintwa phantsi kwegama labo lokwenyani. Phantsi kwengcebiso yomhlobo, i-Aurora ithathe indawo yejungs eGeorge, yayishiya ifani engaguqukiyo.
Uncwadi
Iinoveli, ezipapashiweyo emva kweIndiana (iValentina, uLealia, iJacques, zibeka i-Georges Sand kwindawo yentando yesininzi. Embindini we-30s, i-Aurora yayinomdla kwiimbono zengqondo. Imisebenzi yommeli we-utopism ye-pierre ye-pierre lergy ("umntu ngamnye kunye nobuntu oyenziwayo", ngo-1839; "kuluntu", ngo-1838; "kuluntu") ophefumlele umbhali ngokubhala inani yemisebenzi.
Kwinoveli "Mpura" (1837), ukugwetywa kwemvukelo yothando kuyavakala, kwaye kwi "I-orase" (1842) kwabakho ubuchule bodwa. Inkolelo yamathuba okudala kubantu abaqhelekileyo, ii-Pohos zomzabalazo wenkululeko yelizwe, iphupha lobugcisa, elikhonza abantu, "I-Cheeuqu" (1843).
Kwi-40s, imisebenzi yoncwadi kunye nentlalontle ye-Dudevan yafika i-Apogee yayo. Umbhali wathathe inxaxheba kupapasho lweemagazini eziLevienedenis kwaye waxhasa umsebenzi weembongi, ukhuthaza ubuchule babo ("iincoko zabo malunga ne-poetry protaris", 1842). Kwiinoveli zakhe, wadala igalari yonke yemifanekiso engalunganga ye-bourgeois (Brikola - "Melnik evela e-ANJOBO", i-Cardnne - "isono sikaMnumzana Atoine").
Kwiminyaka yobukumkani besibini, i-anticleriric mod ivele emsebenzini wentlabathi (impendulo kumgaqo-nkqubo weLouis Napoleon). "I-Daniel yakhe" (1857), equkethe ukuhlaselwa kwinkolo yamaKatolika, yabangela isikrelemnqa, kwaye iphephandaba elithi "La lapapashwa, livaliwe. Emva koko, isanti ishedukile kwimisebenzi yentlalo kwaye yabhala iinoveli kuMoya weMisebenzi yokuqala: "I-Snowman" (1858), uJean De La Rill "(1861).
I-Dostoevsky kunye neTurgenev, neKrasov, neHigzen, kunye neBelinsky bezinconywe ngumsebenzi weSante seSanteges.
Ukufa
Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi buka-Aurora Dudevan kwilifa lakhe eFransi. Wayebandakanyekile ebantwaneni kunye nabazukulwana owamkela ukumamela iintsomi zakhe ("zeziphi iintyatyambo ezithetha ngaye", "ndithetha i-oki", "ilifu elipinki". Ekupheleni kobomi bukaGeorges bade bafumana igama lesidlaliso "inenekazi elihle elivela kuNosana."
Intsomi yencwadi yesiFrentshi yaya kufikelela kwi-8 kaJuni, nge-1876 (kwiminyaka engama-72). Unobangela wesanti yokufa uye waba sisithintelo esinamandla. Umbhali odumileyo wangcwatyelwa kwikhalweni lentsapho eNosana. Abahlobo Dudevan - I-Flaubert kunye neDuma-Nyana-u-dan-nyana-wabhalwa kwi-fubral. Ukufunda ngokusweleka kokufunda, ubuhlakani be-Arabic Arabic Viktor hugo wabhala:
"Ndiyamenza ndilile, ndamkelekile ndingafi!"Ilifa loncwadi loMbhali ligcinwe ngokuqokelelwa kwemibongo, idrama kunye neenoveli.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, e-Itali, umphathi weGeorgio Alberttazas ngokusekelwe kwi-Autubiographical Informinali "Imbali yobomi bam" (ngo-1976) kunye ne-MOPRA (1926 nango-1972 ) zaye zakhethekileyo eFransi.
I-Bibliography
- "Melkior" (1832)
- "Leone leoni" (1835)
- "Udade omncinci" (1843)
- "Keroglu" (1843)
- "Karl" (1843)
- "Zhanna" (1844)
- "Sidore" (1846)
- "IGegumbe" (1846)
- "Mopra" (1837)
- "Iinkosi zikaMosaic" (1838)
- "Orco" (1838)
- "I-SEMICIN" (1839)
- Isono sikaMnumzana Atoine "(1847)
- "Lucretia floriani" (1847)
- "Mon-RHILE" (1853)
- "I-Marquis de Viller" (1861)
- "Ukuvuma kwentombazana encinci" (1865)
- I-Nanon (1872)
- "I-Babushkina Fairy Gales" (1876)