Biography
I-Leonid Dadilovich Kuchma yizenzululwazi, i-IKuraine yezopolitiko nesemotweni, uMongameli waseUkraine (1994-2005).
I-Leonid yazalwa nge-9 ka-Agasti, ngo-1938 kwilali yeChaykino Novgorod-Spesky yengingqi ye-Corin kwintsapho yase-Lesnik Danish Hod Profhigich kunye nabalimi abadibeneyo bePrasi. Kusapho, uninzi lwabantwana abaninzi bakhuliswa - uAlexander kunye nokholo, owathi kamva waya kusebenza emgodini: Umzalwana - umqhubi, umqhubi-umqhubi wenqwelo moya. Ngokwedatha engafunekiyo, igama lokwenyani le-leonda - uKuchman-Goldeystein.
Utata wosapho ngo-1941 wawa ngaphambili nasemva kokuba ethathe inxaxheba kuMlambo weVolkhov wafumana i-rostfite kunye nokusweleka kwakhe kwilali yaseNovaose nge-NovgoroD nge-7 kaFebruwari, ngo-1942. Intsapho yasinda kwindawo yokuhlala nendlala. U-Leonid ufunda esikolweni kakuhle, ngakumbi inkwenkwe yanikwa iSayensi noncwadi.
Ngo-1955, uLeonid's Kuchma, emva kokuphela kweSikolo seSekobeRObrovsk, waya kwiDyunivesithi yaseDnepropetrovsk. Njengomfaki-sicelo, wakhetha ukukodwa kwenjineli ye-physiko ye-physicy ikakhulu ngenxa ye-rublarship ephezulu, engonyaka wokuqala sele ineeruble ezingama-450.
Isifundo sanikwa umfana ngokulula. Kunxibelelwano noontanga, uLeonid wayedla ngokuba ngumphefumlo wenkampani, njengoko wayecula kakuhle kwaye wadlala igitare. Kwiminyaka yobudala, injineli yexesha elizayo yafunda ukudlala ukhetho. Rhoqo ngonyaka, uLeonid wahamba ngeholide, waya kwiNtombi, apho waqala wabonakalisa ubuchule bombutho.
Ngo-1960, ekuhanjisweni kwe-Leonid Kuchma, iwela kwisityalo somatshini weDnepropetrovsk, kwimveliso ekhethekileyo kwimveliso yeRocket kunye neTekhnoloji yendawo. Ngo-1966, ifumana idinga lokuqeshwa kwe-baikosur phantsi kwenkqubo yovavanyo "nenkanyamba - 2". I-Kuchme yayalelwa ukuba iqinisekise ukuba isungulwe isikhokelo sobuchwephesha.
Ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwe-Leonid Dalovich, iinkqubo zenziwa kuphuhliso lweempumezo zeBills, iinjini ze-Lununic Drives "Ibhloko ye-80s, iibhasi zomoya kunye nemicroluves. Ngo-1976, i-Kuchma iqala ukuphakama kwizitepsi zeqela: ufumana isikhundla sikanobhala weqabane lesityalo somatshini, kwiiKomiti zeKomiti yeCPU abathunywa kwi-XXVIIICY. Kwi-41, uLeonid uKuchma unikwa ibhaso le-lenin ukufumana inani lokufunyanwa kophuhliso lweenqwelo jikelele.
Ngo-1982, injineli ifumana isikhundla soSekela-Myili oyiNtsisweni weShishini, emva kweminyaka emine leonid uchma intloko isityalo. Ngo-1991, emva kokusekwa kwelizwe elizimeleyo, iUkraine ithatha inxaxheba ekudalweni kweSayensi yezeNzululwazi.
Ezopolitiko
U-Leonid uchma waqala ngokwembali yezopolitiko ngo-1990, xa wayekhethwe nguSekela-radi ye-verkhovna ye-varine ye-ukraine ndidibana kwaye ndaba ngumxhasi wesibhengezo seUkraine. Ngo-1991 wafaka izixhobo zonyulo lomgqatswa waseMongameli iYukHnovsky.
Kunyaka emva koko, uLeonid uKuchma wafumana isikhundla sentloko kaRhulumente negunya lamandla langaphambi kwamandla, emva koko kwezopolitiko lamkela ubunkokeli bemanyano yemveliso. NgoJulayi 1994, uLeonid uKchma waphumelela ugqatso lukaMongameli kwaye yaba yintloko yelizwe.
Kwezopolitiko zasekhaya
Isiqalo sexesha lokuqala likamongameli we-leonid kuchmang kunye neyona ndawo inzima kuqoqosho lweUkraine. I-GDP yawa nge-20%, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso yayingama-400%. Ukuxhomekeka koqoqosho lwaseUkraine ukusuka kwiRussia yayingama-80%. U-Leonid uCuch waqhuba uhlengahlengiso lwezezimali ngokwenza imali yelizwe hucyvnia, wamisela umsebenzi wecandelo lebhanki, waqala wabucala, waqala wabucala, waqala wabucala, waqala ubumfihlo, bezolimo kunye nohlengahlengiso lomhlaba.
Ekupheleni kwekota yokuqala yeBhodi yeKuchma, onke amatyala kwipenshini kunye nemivuzo yabuyiselwa. Ngo-1996, uMgaqo-siseko owamkelwa, indawo yolondolozo lwelizwe inyusiwe, umsebenzi wawubuyiselwa ngokuyinxenye ngaphambi kwe-IMF. UKchma wakhokela umgaqo-nkqubo weengxoxo zoxinaniso neRussia malunga nokubonelelwa ngokukhethekileyo kwezixhobo zamandla kubahlali baseUkraine. Ngo-2000, umsebenzi we-Chaps ekugqibeleni wamisa. Umgaqo-nkqubo wangaphakathi kaMongameli wakhokelela kwinto yokuba uluntu lwehlabathi luye lwaqalisa ukubona imeko yaseUkraine ngoqoqosho olusekwe.
Ukuphumelela ngo-1999 kunyulo, u-Leonid uKchma waphuhlisa ulawulo kunye notshintsho kwezopolitiko. UMongameli wabeka indibaniselwano yaseYurophu kunye nemigaqo evulekileyo yemakethi ebalulekileyo. I-Leonid Kuchma ixhase isayensi kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yendawo.
Ngo-1995, iSathellite yokuqala yeSathellite "Sich-1" yasungulwa, ukumiliselwa kwemichiza kwi-Cosmodes yeHlabathi yeRosmoderome "yenziwa". Ngo-1997, i-Astronaut Leonid Cadeyuk iqhubile kwi-Slotle "Columbia" kwisithuba. UKchma ukwazile ukufezekisa isihloko samandla e-cosmic ngexesha elinzima kwilizwe. Kwinkqubo-sikhokelo yentsebenzo yamanye amazwe ngasekupheleni kwama-90s, iUkraine yaqhutywa inani lezixhobo zomkhosi eIran nasePakistan.
Umgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle
Kumgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle, uLeonid Kuchma wanamathela kwiminqweno emininzi: kwangaxeshanye exhasa ubuhlakani neRussia kwaye wathetha nokulungela intsebenziswano ne-NAO. Kwiingxelo zakhe, uLeonid Kuchma waphinda wenza ibinzana elithi i-wikraine ayisiyiyo iRussia. Ngokuchasene nenkokeli engenammiselo ye-CIs yaseRussia, uKuchma wazama ukuchasana ne-Itraine e-Georgia, iMoldova, iAzerbaijan, ibiza enye i-Gucbaijan, ibiza enye i-Guam yombutho.
Kwisimemo sikaLenid Dalovich, intloko yeVung yaseVatican John Paul II yeza eKiev, kunye ne-USA Mongameli wase-US Clinton ngelo xesha. I-Ukraine yathatha inxaxheba kurhulumente waseMakedoni kwimpikiswano yomkhosi yangaphakathi ka-2001, ngokuchasene nezimvo ze-European Union kunye namazwe eNaTO. Ngo-2003, abagcini boxolo baseUkraine bafika eIraq.
Ukurhoxa
Emva kokurhoxa, kumphathi wesibini weUkraine, ukubonelelwa ngobomi bepenshini kwisixa sentloko yentloko yentloko yentloko, ukhuseleko lobuqu, abasebenzi benkonzo, iimoto, iimoto zenkonzo. Ngo-2007, ngokobuchwephesha, imeko yobuqu ye-leonid yase-Leonid Kuchma yaqikelelwa kwi- $ 1.5 yezigidigidi.
Ulawulo lwe-yanukovchch lufuna i-ofisi ye-ProSecutor ngokuqala kwe-leonid prolovivion yokubulala intabalala ye-Georgy Gengadze, kodwa kungekudala uphando luphelelwe ngenxa yokufumana ulwaphulo-mthetho ngokungekho semthethweni.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngokukhonza kwi-ofisi yoyilo lomzi-mveliso emva kokuphumelela kwiZiko, uLeonid uKchma wadibana ne-injini yeGenadu, i-Geenanova, injineli eyiNtloko Yuzhmash, kamva-igosa likarhulumente. Kungekudala amancinci ladlala umtshato, ngo-1970 ekuphela kwentombi ka-Elena kwabonakala kwihlabathi, okwekutshakazi kwi-90s ekhutshiwe kwi-DNEPR.
Ngexesha le-Ofisi kaMongameli, uLeonid Kuchimila Nikolaevna wayekhokelwa sisiseko seSizwe seSizwe "I-Ukraine-Bantwana", ukusukela "Ingxowa-mali" yethemba ". Kwisiseko se-UNECO, umfazi kaKuchma walungiselela intshukumo kwinkxaso yobutsha obuqale.
Intombi ka-Elena ekuqaleni kwe-90s iqile kwimvelaphi yoncedo lokulwa kwaye yamisa i-StarSlighfane yeqela lemithombo yeendaba, ezazidibene namabonakude amabona-zimvo. Ukususela ngo-1990, watshata nesiFrentshi saseArran, unyana wenkulumbuso yeCrimea, owayengusekela-ntsapho waseChernomornernefte-vertegaz, apho uNyana ka Nyana ka-1991 wazalelwa kuwo. Umtshato wesibini wase-Elena waqukumbela kunye no-Oligarch noPatriot viktor Pinchuk. Ngo-2003, intombi kaCatherine yazalelwa kwintsapho entsha, ngo-2011 - iVeronica.
I-Leonid Kuchma ngoku
Ngoku uMongameli e-Ex-Mongameli uyaqhubeka nokuthatha inxaxheba kubomi bezopolitiko bombuso. Nge-22 kaJuni, 2017, uLeonid uKchma wabanjwa eKiev kwiKhola yeLizwe "yangena eYurophu: indlela yembali yembali." Ezopolitiko zenza ukothuka kwabo bahlanganisene iinkcazo ezikhulu malunga nohanahaniso lwe-US, i-EU yobawa, malunga nokusilela kwe-Economics nakwimeko yaseUkraine.
Intloko yangaphambili yelizwe ibizelwe urhulumente ngoku ukuba ayeke ukubeka umhlaba, kwaye anikele ingqalelo kuphuhliso lwamandla asekhaya, ukubuyela kwizalathiso zangaphambili kwisayensi, itekhnoloji, inqwelo moya. I-Leonid Kuchi ebizwa ngokuba yiUkraine umxholo wezinto ezibukhali kunye neziko lezopolitiko.
Ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, xa uthethathethwano nabameli baseMelika ekuzinzisweni kwembambano kwi-donbs, ummeli we-kiev ecaleni kwe-leonid kaKIR Kich idibene ne-kurker Volker. Ngexesha lencoko, eyona nto iphambili kwizivumelwano ze-minisk malunga nokuphela komlilo zavunywa kwakhona. Iindaba zakutshanje ezivela kubomi boluntu ye-Ex-omongela ifumaneka kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-leonid kuchma.
Iikowuti
- Sinomceli mngeni kwi-ajenda, ethi kule ncwadi ithe, yipakishwe intetho yesiTaliyane edumileyo: Yenza isiUkraine. Ingozi ayibuyisi kwi-ukaine yangempela yezigidi zabemi baseUkraine.
- Ingqondo yaseRussia yahlulahlulwe yangabo basinqwenelela ukuba sinethamsanqa kunye nophuhliso lwabaseUkraine, kwaye abo bangakufuniyo kuthi. Kwakukhe kwakho ukuba iDemocracrac yaseRoma iphela apho incoko nge-iUkraine iqala.
- Amandla akasayi kuze avumele ingcinga yezopolitiko kweli lizwe ukuchaza ukuba bambalwa kakhulu.
- Ukuze inkululeko, kuya kufuneka ulungele ukuhlawula. Xa ufuna - igazi. Ngexesha elifanelekileyo-inokuba yimali, ukuba akukho bulumko ngokwaneleyo kwezopolitiko kunye nokubala kwezoqoqosho.
- UTymoshenko engazange wabelana naye nabani na, amandla amaninzi.
- Ilizwe alinalo ixesha, kuba siye sankciwe kwaye silahlekile xa kwakuyimfuneko ukwenza izisombululo zekhadinali kunye ne-crista, kwaye sonke silindele ukuba siphumelele ukuqonda. Akaphumelelanga.