Biography
Wayebizwa ngokuba ngu "Katherine Mkhulu", "inkosikazi", ongumfundisi obalaseleyo wenkcubeko yeSoviet Union. I-Ekaterina Sperseva yaba ngumfazi wokuqala owazi ukwazisa ubume belizwe. Iminyaka eli-14 njengoko umphathiswa wenkcubeko wajika i-furfuve kwimbali.
Nangona bekukho abo babiza uCatherine Alekseevna "URhulumente wasekhitshini". Ukusasazeka kwezimvo ezivela kwi-feudders kwi-proves enqabileyo ephelileyo engowona mfanekiso mkhulu wembali.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-fursev yazalelwa ebusika be-1910 kwingingqi ye-Tver, kwilali phantsi kweVychnyh Volley. Ukhulele kwintsapho yomsebenzi. Utata uCatherine akazange akhumbule: UAlexey Whafu wasweleka kwimigca yemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala. Mama, umsebenzi wokuluka, ubeke intombi ezinyaweni zakhe ngaphandle koncedo.
Intombazana ephumelele kwisikolo seminyaka esixhenxe kwaye kwi-15 yazinza ukuze isebenze kwishishini, apho isebenza khona umama. Ukuba ibingeyiyo indalo yemvelo kunye nengqondo ebukhali yeKati, iya kuphinda ikati yaseMatriya Nikolaevna, ayithandayo kwaye yoyika. Kodwa i-Ekaterina Forheva yasinda kwisangqa esivaliweyo sentlupheko kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla, ukuwela i-biography yoomatshini bokuzibhukuqa, abantu abadala kwiphondo.
Ezopolitiko
Amanzi aneminyaka eli-15 ubudala angena kwiKomsomol kwaye aqala ukukhwela ngokukhawuleza kumgca weqela. Intombazana ebuthathaka, kodwa intombazana ebuthathaka yayiqatshelwe ngamaqabane aphezulu kwaye bathunyelwa kwilali yaseKorenevo Kirsk, apho iCatherine kwakufuneka iphakamise ezolimo kumadolo akhe. Kodwa kungekudala wanyulwa ngunobhala we-Komsomol yendawo kwaye waguqulelwa kwi-fidosion eshushu. Apha, i-Ekaterina Shapseva, kude kube ngu-1933, wasebenza njengonobhala we-GSCO VLKSM kwaye wangena kwimiqolo ye-WCP (B).
Ezantsi, owayesakubanjwa kwi-TKHACHAK evalelwe iminyaka emi-2 kwaye waya eLeningrad: I-Spersev yathunyelwa kwezona zifundo ziphezulu zenqwelomoya. ELeningrad, uKatya wathanda kwaye watshata nendoda yomqhubi wenqwelomoya. Amaqabane aya eSaratov, emva koko ke kwikomkhulu. EMoscow, i-Ekaterina Spersev ikhuphe umsebenzi woMhlohli weSebe leMfundo leOfisi yeKomiti ephakathi ye-Chdkkm. Imfazwe yaqala ukufumana ibhinqa eliselula eMoscow. Umyeni waya kulwa, kwaye umfazi - ukuba acime iibhombu zethambo eluphahleni.
Ukuzalwa kwentombi ngo-1942 kwaye imfazwe ayizange iphazamise umsebenzi ophawulekayo we-right. Ukusuka kwilali yaseCatherine yabangela uMama kwikomkhulu, emfundisa umntu obongiwe intombi encinci, kwaye yena waba ngunobhala weSibhedlele iKiicyshesky kwisibhedlele i-Kuibyshesky yesibhedlele. Iminyaka eyi-8 yebhinqa elineminyaka ubudala lasebenza kwiSithili seVKP (b) isithili sase-Frunzen waseMoscow. Uthathe isithuba sonobhala wesibini, kodwa kungekudala waba ngokuqala.
I-Ekaterina ekhethekileyo ye-Ekaterina ye-1950s inyuke iye kwi-2nd yoonobhala weqela le-Mscow City. Ngo-1954, i-Ekaterina Alekseevna yathatha iposti ye-1st yonobhala wesixeko. Ukususela ngo-1950s, iminyaka elishumi elinambini, i-fursev yakhiwe nguSekela-Shript, kwaye ngo-1956 baphathisela iposi yonobhala wekomiti yeCPU. Emva konyaka, "Katherine Murine" waba lilungu le-Presidium, ephulukana neGunya ngo-1961.
UMphathiswa weNkcubeko
Umphathiswa weCatinyral Ekaterina AlekseeVNA oqeshiwe ngo-1960. Kule posi, i-furvev isebenze ekufeni. Izimvo malunga nobuntu bomphathiswa kunye nesitayile seNcwadana yePolar. I-Catherine Afursev ityholwa ngokungaqondi ubugcisa, ngakumbi umculo kunye nokupeyinta. Kwaye isibakala sokuba igosa alizange liqonde, alivumelekanga.
Ke ulutsha lwaseSoviet lwaphulukana nolonwabo lonwabela iintetho eziphilayo kunye namatye aqengqelekayo - amatye aqengqelekayo akazange anike imvume kutyelelo lwabo kwi-USSR. I-Theatrians ayizange ibone intsebenzo ye-yuri lrimov "iphila" kwi-taganka. I-Mstislav Rostropovich kunye ne-Galina viishnevskaya kwakufuneka ishiye ilizwe le-Alexander Solzhenjitsyn. Imvumi yokuziphatha gwenxa okunjalo kwicala loMphathiswa weNkcubeko ayizange inike imifanekiso.
Kwaye kuluhlu lwezenzo ezilungileyo. I-Catherine Shakey ide. Enkosi kuMphathiswa phakathi kwe-1950s, imiboniso yegalari yeDresden yabanjwa eSoviet Union, kwaye ngo-1960s, abalandeli bokupeyinta banandipha i-cumerich yaseSyvatoslav naseFernan lyzh. Ngo-1974 kwigalari yeTorbikov, bonisa imiboniso yeMisebenzi yoMark Stegal yenzekile.
Kwakuloo nyaka, imifanekiso ye-French Flooments kwaye uMona Lisa, uLeonardo da Vinci wafika kwilizwe lebhunga. Nge-1960, ukuva kukaSoviet Melonov kwakuphulukana nokucula kuka-Iva Montana noSimon Sugnore, ngo-1974 abadlali be-Opera yenziwa kwi-Bolshoi Theatre.
Uthando olukhethekileyo lwe-Ekaterina Highsev isebenzise i-dabi kunye ne-cinema. Ngeminyaka yee-1960, iveki ye-French ne-Italia ye-Itali yenzeka kwikomkhulu. Amagcisa e-BT ahambe eMelika, kwaye i-mkhatovs eyenziwa kwimifanekiso yaseNgilani, eFrance, e-USA neJapan. I-furseva ikwazile ukweyisela uYuri Andropov ukuze i-KGB ayichaphazeli izigqibo kubalindi bamagcisa kunye namanqaku enkcubeko phesheya.
Ngexesha lolawulo lwe-Catherine Highsev, inqanaba lenqanaba, ibhotwe lobuncinci kwiintaba zeLenin, i-rust yase-russia ", i-rissus kwi-vernadky. I-MCAT, i-TheatreReretta kunye nethiyetha ye-mosssovet, ifudukele kwizakhiwo ezitsha. Enkosi ku-Pritsev, oliphilileyo wayengavalwanga, wakhuthaza ukuzalwa kwe-Oleg Tabakov Studio.
I-Ekaterina Highseva ibubuntu obuqaqambileyo obufudukele kwiifilimu ezininzi. Ngo-2011, i-Sergey Porgey Popova "ikhutshiwe kwizikrini. Intsomi yeCatherine. " I-Katya yoMntwana kaKancina idlale i-tatyana Arntgoolts, kwaye uIrina Rosanova wavela ngendlela yomphathiswa weCattyral, i-Ekaterina.
Ubomi Buqu
Umqhubi wenqwelomoya uPeter Bitkov waba ngumyeni wokuqala umphathiswa wexesha elizayo. Batshata phakathi kweminyaka yee-1930s, kodwa kwiminyaka emi-5 emva koko bahlukana. Kule mtshato, intombi ye-furtev svetlana yazalwa. Izizathu zoqhawulo-mtshato zibizwa zahlukile. Iqhelekile- i-bitkov yafumana elinye ibhinqa, le nto wayezixele, ebuya ngaphambili.
Kodwa kukho uhlobo apho umfazi wazala umntwana kumthandi wakhe. Xa uPeter Bitikov ebuya emfazweni, intombi yakhe yayiziinyanga ezi-4 ubudala. IFrentogika ekuthembekileyo kweqabane lakho yavula amehlo akhe ethetha ummelwane opele. Amaqabane avumile ukugcina inguqulelo yokuqala ukuze angayithobanga umqhubi wesibindi kwaye akakuphindi umkhondo we-furtheva.
I-Ekaterina Spersev's Thansev ibizwa ngokuba nguNobhala weSithili saseFrunzensky kunye noPeter Bogiuslavsky. Ukuba ukulala kwebhinqa elihle lokunceda phambili kwinkonzo. Kodwa ukuya kuqhawula umtshato nenkosikazi yakhe, bancama umsebenzi, uBogislavsky akazange anqwenele. Ubudlelwane buyekile xa i-patron isuswe eofisini.
Ngo-1956, i-Ekaterina Forheva itshatile nikolai ferheubina diplomat. Lo mtshato wavunywa Nikita Khrushchev. Kodwa emva kokuqeshwa kwe-ansor ansor kwi-Czechoslovakia nkosi engaphaya kwendoda yakhe, ekhetha ukuhlala uMphathiswa weNkcubeko.
Emva kokubuyiselwa kwe-feckipin kwilizwe (eyenzelwe uSekela-Mphathiswa Wezemicimbi Yezangaphandle), ubomi bobuqu banyibilikisile imigibe. Umfundisi-ntsapho akazange athande umama uEkaterina Alekseevna kunye nentombazana ecaphukisayo. I-furseva iqhayise phakathi kwabantu abathathu abathandayo, ngakumbi ukususa uxinzelelo lotywala.
Ukufa
I-Ekaterina Phifseva ihlala yedwa. Intombi inosapho, umama waswelekayo, indoda yakhe iguqukile, ngaphandle kokufihla. Ithontsi lokugqibela kumonde odlulileyo kukusasazeka, kulungiselelwe nguLeonid Brezhnev. I-Ekaterina Highseva yasweleka ngo-Okthobha ka-1974. Unobangela waseburhulumenteni wokufa, ogqirha babizwa ngokuba yintliziyo.
Batsho ukuba umntu obhinqileyo emva kokusela utywala uthathe ishawa eshushu, umphumo wento yentliziyo. Kodwa kukho ezinye iinguqulelo eziye zazibulala, zisela imali yetafile. I-Catherine Afursev ingcwatyelwe kumangcwaba e-Novodevichy ecaleni koMama.
Iinyani ezinomdla
- I-Ekaterina Sperseva yanika ukhetho kwimidlalo yemidlalo ye-On-Feed kwaye yenzelwe ukukhula kwazo. UMphathiswa weNkcubeko ukholelwa ukuba iithiyethi zeqonga zichaziwe. Kwindibano yabalawuli kunye namagcisa, abantu abaphembekileyo baqinisekisa izibonelelo zethingitha ye-positi, igosa lenze intetho kwi-Acris Livanova - wasweleka kwincwadana ye-Carrine Alekseevna. Ubuzile umculi: "Awunamdla?". I-Livanov uphendule umbuzo wombuzo: "Apha ngena kufuneka uguqukele kwi-gynecologist engafezekanga?".
- I-Ekaterina Phifseva igcinwe nikita Khrushchev ukusuka kwi-Cool xa uMyalezo Jikelele wayefuna ukususa kwimicimbi. Wabangela ukuqiniswa kwaye akavumeli uNikita Sergeeevich ukuba atshintshe. Ngo-1961, khrushchevv "I-furine furseva, ihlazo kwaye isuse kwi-Presidium yeKomiti ephakathi. Eli gosa lahlulwa kurhulumente kwaye lathatha i-cottage. Umfazi wavula ithambo kwigumbi lokuhlambela, kodwa wasindiswa.
- I-rumared ukuba i-catherine flheva yenziwe utyando lweplastiki. Wayezilandela, wenza imihla ngemihla, idlala i-tennis. Imbali ye-ART ye-Anatoly SMency ibhaliswe kwiizezi zisemthethweni i-Eleg Efremov kunye ne-sliary kunye naye.
- Ngokuka-Yuri Nikulina, enkosi kwi-furbey Hoge, iCaucasian ithinjiweyo ifikelele kwirenti. I-Vladimir Etisush idlale i-comrade caachov, kodwa yafunyanwa ukuba igama le-paygilm "- sakov. Iteyiphu egqityiweyo ayizange ikhululwe, ibangela ukuhlaziya ngokutshintsha ifani. UNikulin wakhalaza kuMphathiswa, kwaye wayicombulula ingxaki ngefowuni enye.