Biography
I-Oscar Shindler ngusomashishini waseJamani, umfuya osindise ngeMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi engama-1200, amaxhoba omhlaba ozenzelwa ngamashishini akhe kunye neRiphabliki yaseCzech. Iqhawe eliphambili lencwadi "schinder" kunye nefilimu "schindeler".
UOscar wazalwa nge-28 ka-Epreli, ngo-1908 kwidolophu yaseCzech yaseTsittau, owayekwintsimi yaseOstriya-eHungary. Abazali bonyana, uHans Schindler noFrancis Loser, bafudukela emantla elizweni abavela eVienna. Ngo-1915, intombi ye-Elffire yazalwa kusapho. Ngo-1918, isixeko se-Oscar e-Oscar ngokunxulumene nokuwa kwe-Austria - iHungary idluliselwe phantsi kolawulo lweCzechoslovakia.
Emva kokuphumelela esikolweni, u-Oscar wangena kwisikolo sobugcisa eBrno. Akunakwenzeka ukuba unikezele ngovavanyo lombuyekezo, kwaye wazinza iminyaka emithathu kuYise kwinkampani, eyayithengisa ngoomatshini kwezolimo kunye ne-inventri. Kule minyaka incinci, i-oscar yakhokelela kwindlela yokuphila engakhathaliyo kwaye ithanda umdyarho wezithuthi. Ukuqala ukusukela ngo-1927, emva komtshato, u-Oscar wangena kwiNkonzo yeNkampani yeMoravian, eofisi eyintloko eyayisebrno.
Emva kwexesha sisebenze ixesha elithile kwiSikolo seSixeko, sasebenza kwiinyanga ezili-18 kwindawo ye-Czech Mqubele. Emva kwenkonzo, ebuyela kwimisebenzi yakhe ngokulinganayo. Ngo-1931, uOscar waphulukana nendawo yayo yokusebenza ngenxa yokuvalwa kweshishini kwaye wanyanzelwa ukuba aye kwikomkhulu leJamani ukufumana umvuzo. Kunyaka kamva, lo mfana ubuyile emva kwaye waqala ukubandakanyeka kwezolimo kunye nebhanki kwi-jaroslav syk yebhanki. I-schindler nayo isebenze kwindlu yokuthengisa. I-Oscar ikwazile ukwakhela eyabo indawo kwi-brno kwaye inike indlu ngengca.
Ishishini
Ekuqaleni kuka-1938, i-Oscar Shindler iqukethe inkonzo kwi-Nazi yobukrelekrele "Abman", emva kokuba iinyanga ezi-6 zivalelwe kwiindleko zamapolisa eCzech. Umzi mveliso ufumene ukukhululwa emva kokungena kwengingqi kwiJamani, eyayiqhutywa emva kokutyikitywa kwe-Munich i-Munler nge-hitler.
I-Oscar Shindler kwangoko ifake uluhlu lwepati yaseJamani yaseJamani, kwaye, ekuqaleni kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, idweliswe ngumnini wesityalo se-krakow, esiguqulwayo sibe sisityalo semveliso izixhobo.
Ekuqaleni, onke amaYuda asixhenxe asebenza kwimveliso yeOscar, kodwa ekubeni babengabasebenzi abaphantsi, uSchindler wazama ukutsala abameli bobuzwe obungamaJuda kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Xa amaYuda aqala ukunyanga kakhulu iinkampu zakhe, uOssi wakwazisela ukukhusela abasebenzi bakhe.
Imfazwe kunye feat
Ngo-1942, uOscar Schindler, eqonda ukuba yonke into eyoyikekayo yenzeka kwiinkampu zoxinaniso, apho amaJuda abhekisa khona kuye, wagqiba kwelokuba abakhusela abantu abacinezelweyo. Ngokudibeneyo nomgcini zincwadi zomzi-mveliso wakhe, i-Izhak, iOscak, i-Oscak, i-Oscak, i-Scak, i-Scak, i-Scak yasekhaya yakha icebo apho amaJuda ayethetha khona, wagwetywa ukufa kwakhe kwinkampu yoxinaniso.
Kwiminyaka emithathu, umzi-mveliso wakwazi ukugcina amadoda angama-800, ama-300 abasetyhini kunye nabantwana abayi-100, exabisa i-oscar kwizigidi ezi-2,6 ze-RECESSMARORK. Ngo-1943, uSchinderler wakwazi ukusindisa abasebenzi bakhe ekudubeni, ababesongela emva kokutyelela umzi-mveliso waseReichsführera Ss Hemmaler. Ukugcina abantu ekutshaneni nasezinyusi Auschwitz, uOscar Schindler Igqitywe ngoDisemba ngo-1944 ukuba ibe yingozi yokususwa kwamaYuda kumzi-mveliso wakhe waseBrenon.
Emva kweMfazwe
Imikhosi yaseSoviet yangena kwiSixeko saseBrenon ngoMeyi ngo-1945, ngelixa uSchindler Oscar wayengasekho apho. NjengoNazi, kwafuneka afihle kunye nomfazi wakhe kubaphumeleleyo eJamani. Ngaphantsi kwengqumbo yamaYuda obucacileyo, umzi-mveliso wakwazi ukungachazwanga kwihlathi laseMelika laseMelika.
Kungekudala uSchindler, kunye nenkosikazi yakhe, wayeseSwitzerland, apho kwancedwa intlangano edibeneyo yamaYuda ukuze iphile. Kwiminyaka emithathu kuphela emva kwemfazwe, uOscar wakwazi ukuya eArgentina. EBuenos Aires, uChet yena Schindler wadibana noluntu lwamaJuda, owabelwe umhlaba webhayili yendlu kwidolophu yaseSan Vista.
I-schinder yaqala ukuzala kakuhle, kodwa ayiphumelelanga ukwakha ishishini leshishini. Ngo-1958, uOscar yedwa wabuyela eNtshona Jamani, ethatha amanqaku ali-100 amanqaku kwiBhajethi yoSapho. Kule mali ekhaya i-schindler ye-schindler izame ukuphinda ivelise imveliso kwakhona, kodwa iprojekthi nganye yomashishini ithwaxwa.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-1927, u-Oscar Shindler otshatileyo uEmilia Pelzl, indabuko lesixeko saseMayontin. Intombazana yayingumyeni omdala unyaka. Abazali banikele kakuhle uLeyiide owenziwe kakuhle-i-100 yamawaka eCzech yezithsaba, apho abantu abancinci babekwazi ukuthenga imoto ye-chic. Imali yonke yanyamalala kwinkcitho ye-Oscar. Ngelishwa amaqabane, u-Oscar waqonda ukuba ukuthanda yonke indawo akwazi ukuqala iinoveli. Kusuka kumfundi wangaphambili ka-Orel Sclegel eOscar wazalwa abantwana ababini - unyana kaOscar nentombi ka-HoA.
Ngexesha lemfazwe, uEmilia wathabatha inxaxheba kusindiso lwamaYuda, enceda uSchindler ukuba aseke uqhagamshelo kwi-echelons ephezulu ye-SS. Emva kwemfazwe, uEmilia wabakhulelwa, kodwa waphulukana nomntwana, waza wahlala engenasiqhamo. Emva kokuhlulela, ekupheleni kwe-50s, u-Oscar hugqwesa umfazi wakhe waya eJamani. U-Emilia kwafuneka athengise ipropathi aze azinze kwigumbi elingaphandle kwedolophu. Kude kube ngentsuku nje, umfazi wasebenza njengendoda yokuthengisa.
Ukufa
Iminyaka yakutshanje, uOscar wayephila kakubi, ukuba axhase kuluntu lwamaYuda kunye nepenshoni encinci evela kurhulumente. Indoda esele ikhulile ikhusela ugqirha omnye kwintsapho yakhe. Ngo-Oktobha 9, 1974, eneminyaka engama-66, uShitsar wasweleka kwisixeko saseHildesheim. Unobangela wokufa yayisisifo se-oncological.
Kwintando ye-Prami, isiJamani sangcwatyelwa eJerusalem esinyaweni seZion sigoba amangcwaba endala Katolika. Ngoku kwingcwaba likaSchindler yonke imihla, inzala yamaYuda abasindisayo ngombulelo wazisa iintyatyambo kunye namatye. USchindler waba nguNazi ozukisiweyo uzuko lokulala phezu kweLizwe Elingcwele.
Ifilimu kunye neencwadi
Kwiminyaka yokuqala ye-80s, umbhali ovela e-Australia Thomas wabhala incwadi ethi "I-Shor shiner", eyathabatha ibali eliviwe kwi-Oscar Schindberg. Ngo-1982, inoveli inikwe ipremiyamu ye-bucker, kwaye i-biography yomoloshe waseJamani waba nomdla kumanani afakelweyo.
Umlawuli odumileyo waseHollywood uStephen Spielberg uthathe umsebenzi kwi-Artimer "Uluhlu lwe-schindiler". Idrama yomkhosi akhutshwe ngo-1993 ukuya kwizikrini ezifumene iipremiyamu ezi-7 ze-Oscar. Ubunkokeli be-Artiner Liam Nindin zamkelwa yi-American Academy Academy efanelekileyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ifilimu ithathwa njengenye yezona zinto zobugcisa zefilimi.
Ngo-2001, umbhali-mbali waseCzech kunye nombhaliYitka Grunov babhala le ncwadi ethi "Kuyinyani malunga ne-Oscare Schindler", eyayisekwe kumaxwebhu okwenyani kunye nemifanekiso kwimveliso yaseJamani. Umbhali wafunyanwa ubungqina, ukuphikisa ukubandakanyeka kweNazi ukuhlangula abasebenzi abayi-1200. Olona xwebhu lukuphela kosindiso lwamaYuda aliqela aqulunqwe nguMarcel Goldeberg. Kwaphoswa ukuba kuphela ngabo bafumana inani elithile lentlawulo kuluhlu.
Ukongeza, u-Oscar Schindler ngokwakhe kwifilimu ebhaliweyo enikezelwe kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II ekhankanyi ukuba uthathe umzi-mveliso ngokuthatha i-odolo ngorhulumente waseJamani kude kumgca wangaphambili, ukuba awugcine ekukhunjweni indawo. Ngesigqibo sembali yeziko leSayensi yeCzech, ishishini laseJamani lalikhutshelwa ngaphandle kuluhlu lwamabala angasekeki.