UMark Chagall-biegraphy, ifoto, ubomi bomntu, ipeyinti, imiboniso, imiboniso, imyuziyam

Anonim

Biography

UMark Chagall, kunye ne-Avat Gard Diks, uHeinrich uEzen kunye neHensezana wayengumculi owoyikayo osoyikayo. Ukudala ukupeyinta, wakhokelwa ngokukodwa ngu-Ignth: Inkqubo yokuhlanganisa, ubungakanani nezibane zazingamzi.

Marc chagall

Umntu, ohlutyulwa umfanekiso wengcinga, kunzima kakhulu ukuba abonakalise i-canvas yoMdali, ngenxa yokuba engahambelani nembonakalo yokupeyinta okwenzayo kunye ne-serov, apho ukuchaneka kwemigca yakhiwa kwinqanaba le-proble.

Ubuntwana noLutsha

U-Movyshha Hotskelevich (kamva uMoses Hatskelevich noMark Zakharovich) Shagali wazalwa nge-6, 1887 kwisixeko saseBelarusi, sobugcisa be-catheriyeli, kwi-catherine II kwi-CARIFE II yendawo yokuhlala yamaYuda. Intloko ye-hatskel mordyhov yosapho i-chagall isebenze njengomthwalo kwivenkile yevenkile yevenkile. Wayeyindoda ethe cwaka, kwaye inikele kuThixo. Umama womculi uFeiga-yayingumfazi onamandla, onobuhlobo nongenani. Wakhokela kwifama, ekhokelele umyeni nabantwana bakhe.

UMartist Marce Shagal

Ukususela kwiminyaka emihlanu, iMovysh, njengayo yonke inkwenkwe yamaYuda, yatyelela intloko (isikolo samabanga aphantsi), apho wayefunda khona imithandazo noMthetho kaThixo. Kwiminyaka eyi-13 ubudala, uChagall wangena kwi-vitebsk yesikolo se-bourgear. Kuyinyani, akazange anikel 'ingqalelo kuye: ngelo xesha, uMarko wayeyinkwenkwe engenangqondo, ethi ngenxa yokungaqiniseki, ayinakufumana ulwimi oluqhelekileyo noontanga.

I-Vitebsk yePhondo yaba ngumculi wexesha elizayo kunye nomhlobo wokuqala, kunye nothando lokuqala, kunye notitshala wokuqala. UMOMO oselula onomsindo opeyintwe indawo engapheliyo, awayeyibukele imihla ngemihla kwiifestile zendlu yakhe. Kufanelekile ukuba sinyamezele ukuba abazali bangenzi buqhekekayo buqhekekile malunga nobugcisa boNyana. Umama wephinda wamisa imizobo kaMoses endaweni ye-napkins yetafile yokutyela, kwaye utata wayengafuni ukuva malunga noqeqesho lwenzalo lwenzalo lwe-vitebby paiter pain.

Imyuziyam yeMark Stegal kwi-vitebsk

Eyona nto ifanelekileyo ye-chagolov yoosolusapho i-chalov yayingunyana okanye, embi kakhulu, i-Sonor-canor kwiNdlu yoShilono-ntliziyo. UMoses oselula apho iinyanga ezimbalwa uphembe imali kuYise ukuya kumzobo wesikolo. Xa isahluko sentsapho sidiniwe zizicelo zeenyembezi zoNyana, waphosa imali efunekayo kwifestile evulekileyo. Ishedyuli yexesha elizayo kwafuneka iqokelele i-sketers kwiindlela ezithulu emehlweni eedolophu ezihlekisayo.

Ukufundisisa kwanikezelwa kwi-rodch nzima: wayeyintlekele oyithandayo. Emva koko, ezi mpawu zimbini zomongozo ziqatshelwe bonke abantu abazama ukuphembelela iChuphal yemfundo yobugcisa. Sele eneminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu, wayezigqala njengobunene uGenius kwaye ngenxa yoko akanakuba namagqabaza ootitshala. NgokukaMark, i-rembrandt enkulu kuphela yayinokuba ngumcebisi wakhe. Ngelishwa, amagcisa angenalo eli nqanaba kwidolophu encinci.

UMark Chagall ebutsheni

Ndisigcinile imali, ndisonge, andikho kwanto kubazali, eya kwiSt. Petersburg. Ikomkhulu lobukumkani laza laziswa kuye ngu-Ofisi Herethiweyo. Kwakukho i-Aideymy yobugcisa, apho yayiza kwenziwa nguMosis. Inyaniso yobomi eyazisa uhlengahlengiso oluyimfuneko kumaphupha abantu apinki: waphumelela uviwo lwakhe lokuqala nolokugqibela. Iminyango yeziko lemfundo eliqinisekileyo alizange livulele phambi kobukrelekrele. Lo ndoda ayizange iqhele ukunikezela, yeza eNikolai Konstantinovich, isikolo soMbutho soMbutho ekuphuculeni ubugcisa. Apho wafunda iinyanga ezimbini.

UMark Chagal emsebenzini

Ngehlobo le-1909, linqwenela ukufumana indlela yakhe kubugcisa, i-chagall yabuyela eVitebsk. Umfana wawa kuxinzelelo. Imifanekiso yeli xesha ibonisa imeko yangaphakathi yoxinzelelo yegesi engaziwayo. Wayehlala ebonwa kwibhulorho esebenzisa iVitaba. Akukaziwa ukuba ziyintoni na ezi meko zinokukhokelela kwi-fajial, ukuba i-chagall ayifikeleli uthando lobomi bakhe - uBert (Berlla) Rosenfeld. Ukudibana noBella bazalisa inqanawa yakhe ephefumlelweyo. UMarko kwakhona wayefuna ukuhlala nokwenza.

UMark Chagall odabileyo

Ekwindla ye-1909, wabuyela ePetersburg. Ngomnqweno wokufumana umcebisi olingana nomhla womhla, kongezwa umbono omtsha: lo mfana wakhulelwa kuyo nayiphi na into eyoyisayo imali esemantla. Iileta ezibhayilayo zanceda uShagola ukuba angenelele kwisikolo esidumileyo sokuzoba libali elidumileyo. Inkqubo yobugcisa yeZiko leMfundo lakhokelwa yiNgonyama ye-Peter Bakst.

Ngokobungqina babantu ababephila ngexesha, uMoses, wayithatha ngaphandle kwezikhalazo. Ngapha koko, kuyaziwa ngokunganyanisekiyo ukuba ingonyama iqeqeshe ithemba lethemba lomnyhadala. I-Bakst yatsho ngokuthe ngqo kwi-shopki eRussia italente yakhe ayihambelani. NgoMeyi we-1911, uxineneyo kwi-Scholarship yafunyanwa ukusuka kwiMaxim, abaphengululi baya eParis, apho waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe. Kwikomkhulu laseFrance, waqala waqala ukusayina nomsebenzi wakhe igama elithi Marko.

Ukupeyinta

UShagall waqala ngokwembali yakhe evela kumzobo "ofileyo". Ngo-1909, umsebenzi we "mfanekiso zomtshakazi wam kwiigloves ezimnyama" kwaye "usapho" lwabhalwa phantsi kwempembelelo ye-non-nevertimitistic. NgoAgasti 1910, uMark waya eParis. I-Central Missity yeXesha leParis yayiyeyona ndawo yam "mna nelali yam", "iRussia, iOslary" kunye "neKalvari". Kwangelo xesha, zabhalwa nge "Snoyka Tobacco", "ndithandaza umYuda", nto leyo eyazisa i-shagal kwiinkokeli zenkcubeko yamaYuda.

UMark Chagall-biegraphy, ifoto, ubomi bomntu, ipeyinti, imiboniso, imiboniso, imyuziyam 17206_7

NgoJuni ka-1914, umboniso wakhe wokuqala wokuqala wavula eBerlin, equka phantse yonke imizobo kunye nemizobo eyenziwe eParis. Ngehlobo lowe-1914, uMark wabuyela eVitebsk, apho wabamba khona iMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala. Ngo-1914 ukuya kwe-1915, uthotho lweepeyinti ezivela kwimisebenzi engamashumi asixhenxe ebhalwe kwisiseko semifanekiso yokulala yenziwa (imibuko, imimandla yendawo, imiboniso yomhlaba).

Kwizihlandlo zangaphambi kohlaziyo, imizobo ye-ENGEALDEAL-yohlobo lwe-ETemental yadalwa ("UmYuda othi" umYuda "," umYuda "), umthandi" ohlaza "," Abathandi beGreen "," Abathandi beepinki ") nohlobo, umzobo, ubume bemozulu (" isipili "," umzobo we-bella kwikhola emhlophe "," ngaphezulu kwesixeko ").

UMark Chagall-biegraphy, ifoto, ubomi bomntu, ipeyinti, imiboniso, imiboniso, imyuziyam 17206_8

Kwihlobo lokuqala ngo-1922, uChagall waya eBerlin ukuba afunde malunga nexesha lemisebenzi ngaphambi kwemfazwe. EBerlin, umzoci oqeqeshelwe intsha ukuze aprinta izixhobo-etha, inaliti eyomileyo, i-Xylography. Ngo-1922, wanxunguphaluka we-ehlos elungiselelwe ukuba yimizekeliso kwi-autobiography yakhe "Ubomi bam" (ifolda "yobomi bam"). Incwadi eguqulelwe kwisiFrentshi ibona ukukhanya eParis ngo-1931. Ukwenza umjikelezo wemifanekiso kwiRoma Laineli Vineneevich Gogol "Imiphefumlo Efileyo" ngo-1923, uMark Zakharovich wafudukela eParis.

UMark Chagall-biegraphy, ifoto, ubomi bomntu, ipeyinti, imiboniso, imiboniso, imyuziyam 17206_9

Ngo-1927, uthotho lwe-gocus "ye-Gouisas" waphakama naye kwi-shagalovsky yonke imifanekiso ye-shagan ngemifanekiso ehlanyayo yemifanekiso ye-curens, harlequins kunye ne-acrobiats. Ngoku-oda kuMphathiswa we-Propaganda ye-Fastcist Just Jose Gose Goebs ngo-1933, imisebenzi yeNkosi yayitshiswa esidlangalaleni eManneheim. Ukutshutshiswa kwamaYuda aseJamani i-Fastcist, isuntswana lentlekele elisondeleyo labangela imisebenzi ye-Stegal kwithoni ye-Apocalyptic. Kwiminyaka yangaphantsi kunye neMfazwe, enye yezihloko ezikhokelayo zobugcisa bakhe yayiyekumnqamlezo ("umbethe omhlophe", "umculi obethelelwe", "Mortyr").

Ubomi Buqu

Umfazi wokuqala womsebenzi wobugcisa obalaseleyo wayeyintombi kaJeweler Bella Rosenfeld. Kamva wabhala: "Iminyaka emininzi, uthando lwayo lugubungele yonke into endiyenzayo. Kwiminyaka emithandathu emva kwentlanganiso yokuqala, ngoJulayi 25, 1915, batshata. Ndikunye nebhinqa elimnika intombi e-Idu, uMarko waphila ubomi obude nobonwabisayo. Kuyinyaniso ukuba, ikamva liphuhlise ngendlela yokuba umculi asinda kakhulu kwimyu: uBella wasweleka kwi-seppis kwisibhedlele sase-US ngoSeptemba 2, 1944. Emva koko, ukubuya emva komngcwabo ukuya endlwini engenanto, wanxiba i-easel, umzobo kaBhulla, obhalwe kuye ubuyela eRussia, wacela ukuba alahle yonke ibhulethi nepeyinti.

UMark Chagal noBella kunye nentombi yakhe

"Ubugcisa bokulila" uthathele ingqalelo iinyanga ezili-9. Yibulela kuphela ingqalelo kunye nokukhathalela intombi yakhe, ubuyile ebomini. Ngehlobo lowe-1945, i-IDA yaqesha umongikazi ukuba anyamekele utata wakhe. Ke kubomi bukaShagal, iViginia Haggia ivele. Phakathi kwabo, kwakuquka inoveli, yazisa uhlobo lonyana kaDavide. Ngo-1951, eli nenekazi lalishiya i-brand kwi-Belgian Pict charlel Leiens. Uthathe unyana wakhe waza wavuma imisebenzi ye-18 wanikela kuye ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, eshiya imizobo emibini kuphela.

UMark Chagall kunye nabafazi i-valentina brodsk

Kwakhona uMoses wayefuna ukuzibulala, kwaye ukuze aphazamise utata ovela eDuma, u-Ida wamzisa nomnini we-london salon ye-valentina blodskaya. Umtshato kunye ne-shagelid yakhe emva kweenyanga ezi-4 emva kokuthandana. Intombi yoMdali yazisola ngayo le sishwankathelo ngaphezulu kwesinye. USteph akazange ayeke ukuya eChagola kunye nabazukulwana, "baphefumlelwe" ukuba bazobe izityalo zokuhombisa, kuba 'kuthengisiwe kakuhle, "kwaye ngokungacingiyo bachitha imali. Ngalo mfazi, lo mthendeleko waphila ngaphambi kokuba afe, eqhubeka, nangona kunjalo, ebhala rhoqo uBella.

Ukufa

Umculi odumileyo wobugcisa wasweleka nge-28 ka-Matshi 1985 (iminyaka engama-98). UMark Zakharovich wangcwatyelwa kumangcwaba aselunxwemeni lo vaint-De-De-De-De-De.

UMark weBanga Shagala

Namhlanje, umsebenzi kaMark Stegal unokubonwa kwigalari yaseFrance, eUnited States, iJamani, iRussia, iBelarus, eSwitzerland kunye ne-Switzerland kunye noSirayeli. Bahlonipha inkumbulo yomculi omkhulu kwaye kwilizwe lakhe: indlu eVitebsk, apho igrafu yayihlala ixesha elide, yaguquka yaba yindlu yendlu ye-chagal. Abathandi bokupeyinta ubuchule kwaye ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje kungajamelana nendawo awayenzayo amalungelo akhe abe ne-Ant Gard-Garde.

Sebenza

  • "Iphupha" (1976);
  • "I-Spoon yobisi" (1912);
  • "Abathandi Bohlaza" (1917);
  • "Umtshato waseRussia" (1909);
  • "Purim" (1917);
  • "Imvumi" (1920);
  • "Kwi-Vavava" (1955);
  • "Abalingane equleni" (1981);
  • "UmYuda ohlaza" (1914);
  • "Umthengisi wemfuyo" (1912);
  • "Umthi woBomi" (1948);
  • "I-Clown kunye neVidiyo" (1976);
  • "Iibhlorho ngaphezulu kweSeine" (1954);
  • "Isibini okanye usapho olungcwele" (1909);
  • "Amagcisa asesitratweni ebusuku" (1957);
  • "Ukuhla kwexesha elidlulileyo" (1944);

Funda ngokugqithisileyo