Biography
UAnna John - i-vry yaseRussia evela kwi-romanov Denasty, uPeter ndingutshakazi, olwasetroneni ukusuka nge-1730 ukuya kwi-1740. UAnna wazalwa nge-7 kaFebruwari, 1693 kwindlu yasebukhosini kwigumbi lomnqamlezo kwibhotwe le-moscow kremlin.
Abazali bentombazana - Tsar Ivan v kunye nokumkanikazi Praskovyavna Fedorovna - iphakamise iintombi ezimbini ezininzi: I-Mdala ka-Draskov. Ukususela ebuncinci, uAnna, kunye noodade, wafunda iDiploma yaseRussia, i-Arithmetic, iJografi, uMdaniso, isiJamani nesiFrentshi. Ootitshala Tsareven yayinguJohann Deetrich Osterman (uMdala uAndrei Osterman), uStephen RMUGR.
Ngo-1696, u-Ivan Alekseevich wasweleka, kwaye ukumkanikazi wokuhlolokazi kunye nabantwana banyanzelwa ukuba bashiye amagumbi eKremlin kwaye babe yindawo yokuhlala yaseZamalovo, eyayiyinto enguManor eyakhelwe kwisitayile esidala sesekethe. Izitiya zeziqhamo zaphukile kwi-palace uqoqosho, iindawo ezininzi zokugcina, kwakhiwa igadi yasebusika. Kwithiyetha yeNkundla rhoqoneliseka rhoqo le misebenzi, iimvumi zanika iikonsathi zomculo weSyhoni.
Ngo-1708, usapho lomntwana oswelekileyo uMzalwan 'uPeter ndafudukela eSt. I-procention ecacileyo ifikile kwi-capital entsha kunye ne-Alexei Petrovich, i-Tsarevna feodosia, uMaria noNatalia ukumkanikazi uMattha Matvestevna. Ukuhlonitshwa kwezalamane zomlawuli, umthendeleko omkhulu wacwangciswa ngevoli ye-cannan kunye nokuhamba ulwandle nge-Finnish Bay. UPraskovvvya Fedorovna wazinza ngeentombi kwibhotwe kufutshane nendawo apho imiso liyo. Kungekudala amaSwedes aqalisa ukuphoxeka kwikomkhulu lasemantla, izale izihlobo kuye kwafuneka ibuyele eMoscow.
Imikhosi kaPeter ayikwazanga kuthatha ngaphezulu kwiMfazwe yaseMantla. Kwakufuneka uMlawuli waseRussia ukuze axhase iPrussian naseKurland Arts. I-Kurland ngexesha lemfazwe yayifumana uxinzelelo lwezopolitiko le-Commonwealth, eyayikhoboka lobukhoboka. Ngo-1709, uPetros wakwazi ukubuyisela phambili ikhondo lesenzo, amajoni oRashiya ahlala eYurland. Uthethathethwano-thethano-xongo-theiplomatic uthetha-the Porussia nguRlerich Wilhelm i, apho iindibano ezimbini ezigqityiweyo ziza kuzala.
Njengomtshakazi, inkosazana yaseRussia yayikhethwe, umtshana kaPeter uAnna, umyeni wakhe uKumkani wasePrussian dudyrich rieldrich rieldrich rillon. Emva kweenyanga ezimbini zomtshato, iqabane eliselula labuya labuya labanda kwindlela eya eKuryyandia. UPeter ukwazilela uAna ukuba abuyele kwilizwe lakhe. I-Tsarevna ifikile eMitava, apho wayephethe khona indawo yomhlolokazi iminyaka engama-20. Unondyebo kaDuke wathanjiswa ngokurhanela amaxabiso, ngenxa yoko uAnna kwafuneka abekhona. UDuched wabhala izihlandlo ezininzi uPeter I, emva koko umhlolokazi wakhe onesicelo soncedo lwezinto eziphathekayo.
Ukuqala kweBhodi
Ngo-1730, uMlawuli uPetros usweleke, kwaye kukho imfuneko yokukhetha umlawuli omtsha. Kwintlanganiso yeBhunga elifihlakeleyo, abaviwa abathandathu kwitrone yaseRussia: Unyana we-duchess duchess Anna-I-Peter I-Elisabna Elizath Petrovna, i-Pespevna Elizath Petrovna I-Lopukhin, neentombi ezintathu zikaTsar Johm Alekseevich.
I-Primes Dmitry Gilitsyn kunye ne-vasily dolgorukovukov inikezwe ukumema uAna Ivanovna, yeyiphi iminyaka engamashumi amabini kwiimeko ezixineneyo kwaye unokuya kwimigaqo eyimfuneko yokuvuma. Ibhunga eliyimfihlo elixhase ukhetho, kwaye i-duchess yathumela ileta ngoluhlu lwe "meko" - iimeko ezinokunciphisa amandla ezenzekelayo ekwakheni iBhunga eliyimfihlo.
UAnna watyikitya uxwebhu eMitava ngoJanuwari 25 (phantsi kobugcisa.), Ngokokunyanzelwa ukuba anyamekele ukusasazwa kwe-orthodoxy eRussia, angatshatanga, angazenzi isenzo somgaqo-nkqubo welinye ilizwe ngaphandle kwemvume yeBhunga eliyimfihlo, Ukungayi kutshintsha inkqubo yerhafu, ukuba unganikezeli umamkeli. NgoFebruwari 15, uAnna Jonna ufike eMoscow, apho emva kweveki, amabele aphezulu emkhosini nasemoyeni.
Kodwa nge-25 kaFebruwari, inkcaso yeBhunga elifihlakeleyo - Andrei ostern, Gabbishop Goofkins, Antihan Gaguzhinskoy, u-Antihan Gartesir-wazisa uxwebhu lwezicelo zeTsarice malunga nokubuyiselwa kwe-Tsarice malunga nokubuyiselwa kwezembeko. UAnna Ionovna, emva kokuva uxwebhu lwezikhalazo, chitha "meko", kwaye ngeentsuku ezintathu isifungo esitsha sorhulumente we-autoroc of Apreli wenzeka, kwaye ukuphela kuka-Aprilin oorhulumente. Ibhunga eliyimfihlo laqatshelwa kwi-Senate elilawulayo.
Kwezopolitiko zasekhaya
Ngexesha lolawulo luka-Anna, ukungqinelana - i-Chancellor Andremiman kunye ne-Ernn binn biron biron, efumene i-dunnan binsing e-Unna ise-Idunland, yazibandakanya kwipolitiki yangaphandle nezasekhaya. Umkhosi wakhokelwa yi-fededmarshal yemvelaphi yeJamani i-christopher Mini. UAnna akazange athandane nobungangamsha baseRussia, bakhetha ukujikeleza ngabaphambukeli. Ixesha lolawulo luka-Anna Ioannovna ngexesha lokubizwa ngokuba "yi-BI-nqanaba", kuba eyona nto ifanelwe kukuba i-empress yayinamathuba angenamda.
Ukususela ngo-1730, uNondyebo uqalile ukukhutshwa kweengqekembe ngomfanekiso we-vress entsha. Ngo-1731, kwadalwa isigqibo-iKhabhinethi yabaphathiswa, kunye neerejista zomkhosi ezitsha - iZelovsky kunye ne-Izmalovsky kunye ne-Izmalovsky kunye ne-Equaticlian, ixhotywe ngabasemzini. Kwakuloo nyaka, ityala le-Badlogy Gadet livele kuqeqesho lweendlalifa ezingathandekiyo, iGosa iGosa lalisanda kunyaka kamva. Kwavulwa isikolo ukulungiselela amagosa kunye nesemina eninzi, kubandakanya neZiko leMfundo. Ukomelezwa kwe-orthodoxy kunegalelo kulwaziso lomthetho kwisigwebo sentambo ngenxa yokunyelisa.
Kwisiqingatha sesibini seminyaka yee-1930s, iSerfdom yaqalwa ngokusemthethweni, abasebenzi bomzi-mveliso babhengezwe kwipropathi yabanini bamashishini. Emva kokuqaliswa kwamanyathelo okuqinisa, bekukho ukwanda kwemizi-mveliso, kwaye iRussia yayibalwa kuqala emhlabeni ukukhululwa i-iron yokukhululwa. Abathathi-nxaxheba ekuqulunqweni kweemfuno zokuqala ze-empress babanjwa baza bagxothwa iintolongo okanye amakhonkco. Ngamanqindi, phakathi kwabaphathiswa, iyelenqe kuArna uYohane, owayetyhilwe, nabaququzeleli be-Artemy Voly Vopkin, e-Arvilly Poter ye-Ofisi ka-Andrei Khrushchev - owenziwe.
U-Ana Ionovna ngokwakhe wayengafani ngetalente yolawulo lukarhulumente. I-Tsaritsa ichithe uninzi lwexesha le-imperial, indalo yeemasquarrads, iibhola kunye nokuzingela. Kwintendelezo ye-vress equlethwe malunga nekhulu lemidangali kunye ne-giants, iiJesters kunye nabaxhasi. Kwimbali yelo xesha, umtshato ohlekisayo wabhalwa, kwintendelezo yokumkanikazi phakathi kweNkosana, iMikhail Golitsyn-Komasnik kunye ne-Nanesnik kunye ne-Avdota Bujienin. UAnna Ioannovna ovuthazekileyo. Ngexesha lebhodi yayo, ifashoni ye-Italiyane e-Italiya yaqala eRussia, iholo yemidlalo yaza kwakhiwa izihlalo ezili-1000, kwavulwa isikolo sokuqala zeBallet.
Umgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle
A. U-Osterman wabandakanyeka kwimicimbi yomgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle, osele ephumelele i-1726 sele efumene isivumelwano soxolo eOstriya. Ngenxa yoloyiso lweRussia kwimfazwe yasemkhosini eneFransi yeLifa leMveli yasePoland, ngo-1934 ukumkani uAgasti u-Agasti u-Agasti III wakhiwa elwandle. Imfazwe Yeminyaka emine neTurkey iphela ngo-1739 kwiimeko ezingathandekiyo kwiRussia zisayinwe eBelgrade.Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-1710, uAnna watshata nomdiliya waseKurfanandia waseFridrich wilihelm. Ukuhlonitshwa komtshato, uPeter ndaceba umbhiyozo ohlala ngaphezu kweenyanga ezimbini. Emibeni encotsheni yokwazi ukutya newayini. Ngaphambi kokuba ugoduke, iDuke i-dulenor, kodwa ayizange inikezele luloyiko. Ukushiya abasebenzi, uWilhelm wasweleka ngosuku lokuqala lohambo. Ngaphandle kwethuba lokubuyela kwi-Nave, uAnna Youchna wanyanzeleka ukuba azinze eKurland.
Abaphathi babenentiyo kumhlolokazi oselula, kunye nomhlobo kuphela, kwaye emva koko ukuba nomhlali we-duchess waba ngummi waseRussia we-Peter mikhailovich ka-Peter Mikilovich Soulduv-ryoumin. Ngo-1926, uAnna wayenenjongo yokutshata uBabalo Moritz Saxon, kodwa umtshato wacaphuka uAlexander Menshikov, owayecwangcise ukuba nguDukendi waseKurlendia.
Ngo-1727, isikhulu sasirhoxisiwe eRussia, kwaye uGrenst biharon waba yinto entsha ka-Ana. Kucingelwa ukuba i-empress yaseRussia yazamkela i-biron yoNyana. UAnna Ionoknova uthathe intandokazi yakhe eya eRashiya kwaye wenza isikhokelo.
Ukufa
I-Empress Anna Ioannovna iswelekile nge-17 ka-Okthobha (phantsi kobugcisa.) I-1740 kwi-Sttersburg. Unobangela wokusweleka kwenkosikazi yayisisifo seRenan. Ingcwaba likaTsaritsa iku-Peter nakuPaul Catnikerral. KwiTestamente, ukuqeshiswa kwangaphambili, i-empress yachaza inzala yodadewabo we-dade waso wase-charine mecklenburg.Imemori
Iziganeko zenkulungwane ye-xviii inomdla kungekuphela kubabhali-mbali kuphela, kodwa nakwabafundi be-quinematographe. Akunjalo kanye, i-biography ye-mpiress anna yaba sisiseko sebali lembali okanye i-filmmus yemifanekiso. Kwiminyaka yee-80s, kwiifilimu "ze-firing kunye nabahlobo bakhe", "Demidov", "i-mingail loonosov yenziwa yi-Anna Mordyukov" ye-Anna Feeshina, Maria Polikamaco.
Kumjikelo osisidima obuninzi "iimfihlo ze-pauces. I-Russia, i-Xviii inkulungwane, "eyaya kwizikrini ekuqaleni kuka-2000, uNina Ruslanov, i-Tsaritsu Ana, kwaye ngo-2008, i-Nna ye-Enaikova yenziwe.