Biography
Olona ntlonelo lungcwele ngolungelelwaniso lwase-Orthodoxy, wasemabini, umxhasi wabahambi, abahambi, iinkedama kunye namabanjwa. Ukususela ngemini iholide yoNyaka oMtsha iqala ngoDisemba. Izipho zeKrisimesi zilindelwe kuye, kuba uSaint waba yi-prototype yeSanta Claus noSanta Claus. Ngokutsho kobomi beSaint, wazalwa nge-270 kwidolophu yaseLiycian yeepareni, ngexesha lekoloni yamaGrike. Namhlanje yintsimi yamaphondo aseTurkey ka-Antassa noMugla, kwaye indawo yoThintelo ibizwa ngokuba yindawo yelali yaseGelevish.
Kwibhayiloji yobomi nikolai, ummiselo osebenza naye uthi abazali bakhe babengamaKristu abazizityebi anike unyana wempembelelo yenkulungwane ye-II. Intsapho kaNikolai Mirlijsky (enye igama likaSaint) yayilikholwa, uMalume-wabona ukuba neenkolo zomtshana kwaye ziyibeke nomfundi kwizinto ezizezinye.
UNicholas omncinci uchithe kwimoniyakazi, nasebusuku anikela ekufundeni iZibhalo Ezingcwele kunye nemithandazweni. Inkwenkwe yahlulwa ngokuphendula ngendlela emangalisayo kwaye kwasekuqaleni yaqonda ukuba uza kuhlulela ubomi kubulungiseleli kuYesu Krestu. Malume, ukubona ukukhuthala komtshana womtshana, wamkela umntwana okwishumi elivisayo. Kungekudala uNikolai wafumana umbingeleli iSan, kwaye ubhishophu wamnika amakholwa ukuba afundise amakholwa eMijan.
Umfundisi oselula, ephikisana nentsikelelo kamalume-ubhishophu, waya kwiLizwe elingcwele. Endleleni eya eYerusalem, uNikolai wayengumbono: uMtyholi, ofika emkhombeni. Umbingeleli waxela isaqhwithi kunye nokuqhekeka kwenqanawa. Ngesicelo seqela labasebenzi benqanawa niikolai, umsebenzeli owenziwa ngumsebenzi wawulawulwa ngulwandle. Ukuvuka eKalvari, uLikiets wavuka ngenxa yoMsindisi.
Kwiindawo zokuhamba, ukuhambisa iindawo ezingcwele, wenyuka waya kwiNtaba yeZiyon. Ubunzima bukaYehova bajika baba ziingcango ezidumbileyo zabonakala ngobusuku betempile. Enkosi, uNikolai wagqiba kwelokuba athathe umhlala-phantsi entlango, kodwa izwi liphuma ezulwini layeka umfundisi oselula, ama-Alers ukuba abuyele ekhaya.
ELicia Nikolai bangena kubuzalwana baseSt. Sion ukuze sihlale sithe cwaka. Kodwa yena wayeyena uphakamileyo kunye nonina kaThixo, wazisa ivangeli ne-daphore. Ngokutsho kwembali, ubhishophu waseLycian yayingumqondiso, emva koko bagqiba kwelokuba benze i-Micholin kaJajin's Bishop yeHlabathi (iSixeko seMycian Consededes). Ababhali-mbali kunye nezazinzulu zenkolo ziyaxoxa ukuba kwinkulungwane ye-IV, ukuqeshwa bekunokwenzeka.
Emva kokusweleka kwabazali, uNikolai wangena emandleni elifa kwaye wanikela ubutyebi kuye olihlwempu. Icandelo loMphathiswa wobhishophu wehlabathi laseLician lawela ngamaxesha anzima ngentshutshiso. I-Eperor yaseRoma iDiocletian no-Musimia basukela amaKristu angama-305, emva kwendawo yokujonga i-impem, eyathabatha itrone yesiConstaius eyeka kwintshutshiso eNtshona. Empumalanga, baqhubeka kude kube ngu-311 ngumGaliseli waseRoma waseRoma. Emva kwethuba lengcinezelo yobuKristu kwihlabathi leLycia, apho ubhishophu ka Nikolai wayekhula ngokukhawuleza. Ubekwe kwintshabalalo yezipiki zehedeni netempile ka-Artemis ehlabathini.
Abaphandi bobomi nikolai Emihleyayo incokola ngenkundla yamaCawe, awayeqhubeka nayo. I-Metropolitan yesiGrike ye-Navpattsky kwi "Rinere" Incwadi ethi "Ubuncwane" ibanga ukuba bagwetywe ngekamva lengcwele ukuba babambe i-aria catdral. Kodwa abaphengululi bathanda ukuqwalasela i-slate slate. Batsho ukuba uNikolai obizwa ngokuba yinto yokunyelisa "ngokunyelisa", awayindawo awayeba yindawo yeCawa. Ukulala, ukuhleba kucetywayo kuncedo lomsebenzi waseburhulumenteni, njengoko kukholelwa ukuba i-Saint iya kubakhulula kwindawo ebuhlungu.
Imimangaliso
Ukuze ufumane uncedo kwi-Sainty nicholas, abahambi kunye noomatiloshe abawela kwi-purprust banyangwa. Ubomi beSaint bubonisa ukuhlangulwa okuphindaphindiweyo beziphako. Ngexesha lohambo oluya eAlexandria, umkhombe waseNikolai wagubungela amazaqhwithi. Umatiloshe wehla isinyithi kwaye wasweleka. Umqhubi osebenza naye uNikolai, omnye umfana, wamvusa.
Ebomini bengcwele ichaza imeko yokuhlangula ilungelo laba dade bathathu kwintsapho engamahlwempu, awathi kuye uYise, esebenzisa isityalo. Amantombazana ayelinde ikamva elingafumanekiyo, kodwa uNikolai phantsi kwesigqubuthelo sobusuku abakhawulezisi kwiingxowa zendlu ngegolide, enikezela amantombazana ukuya kwi-dowry. Ngokwembali yamaKatolika, iingxowa ngegolide zawa kwizitokhwe ezo zomiswe ngaphambili kwindawo yomlilo. Ukususela ngoko, isiko liye lavela ukuba libashiye abantwana "basuka kwiSanta Claus" izipho kwiziphethini zeKrisimesi ezingenamibala (isokisi). Umqhubi weNikolai Mikolai Mict of Herit kunye nokukhusela inkolelo engenatyala. Imithandazo eyayiselwe kuye ishenxisiwe kukubhubha ngesiquphe. Ukunqulwa kwengcwele kwakunzima emva kokuba efile.
Omnye ukukhankanywa kommangaliso, owenziwe ngumsebenzi osebenza naye, uNikolai unxulunyaniswa nosindiso lwePrince novgorod Mstislav Vladimirovich. I-chanery ezigulayo yayinokuthetha ukuba ndisindisiwe yi icon yengcwele evela kwi-kiev sophia ikati. Kodwa iimvakalelo azifikanga eKiev ngenxa yesaqhwithi esaphukileyo emlanjeni. Xa amaza amancinci, kufutshane nenqanawa, emanzini, umthunywa othile wabona i-icon yomjikelo osebenza kuyo uNikolai uNikolai oboniswayo. INkosana egulayo, ichukumisa ubuso beSaint, yafunyanwa.
Amakholwa amaKristu abiza ummangaliso uNicholas ongummangaliso. Baqinisekile ukuba lo mthandazo uyakwazi ukutshintsha ikamva lokuba ilunge ngakumbi ukuba ifunde iintsuku ezingama-40 ngokulandelelana. Amakholwa aphikisa ngayo ukuba yonke imibuzo yokucela uncedo emsebenzini kwaye ngempilo yesango. UNicholas unceda amantombazana ukuba atshatele kumantombazana ukuba atshatele kumantombazana, alambile - ahlukane neengxaki zemihla ngemihla. Ukuthandaza kwiicawa kuphawu waphawula ukuba osebenza naye uNikolai ngokubuza ngaphandle kokulibazisa uphendula umthandazo onyanisekileyo, wathetha kwi icon yakhe enekhampasi.
Emva kokufa
Owona mhla wokusweleka kukaNicholas akaziwa. Fowunela unyaka wama-345. Emva kokushiya umhlaba, omnye umzimba watshaye wajika wangena kwindawo yokuhamba. Kwinkulungwane ye-IV, u-Basilica wavela ngaphezulu kwengcwaba laseNicholas, kwaye ngenkulungwane ye-9 kumdekazi waseTurkey, owayesaziwa njengehlabathi, ecawa yicawa, kwinkulungwane yeXxdi. Kude kube ngu-1087, iintsalela zangasese ekuphumleni komdiliya. Kodwa ngoMeyi, abathengisi abavela e-Italiya bakhupha i-80% ye-ancas, ibashiya ngokungxama kwabo engcwabeni. Utshintshele ubuncwane obubiweyo kwisixeko saseBiri - ikomkhulu lengingqi yase-Italiya yaseAgulia.
Emva kweminyaka elithoba, abathengisi baseVenetian bawenzela iziqwenga zikaNicholas abahlala emdeni, bahambisa eVenice. Kule mihla, iipesenti ezingama-65 zeepensile zikwi-bari. Babekwa phantsi kwesibingelelo se-balitica yeKatolika yeSt. Nicholas. Isihlanu sengcwele sihlala sihlala kwisiqithi saseVenetian yaseLido, ngaphezulu kwetrone yetempile. Kwibarium basilica engcwabeni likaNicholas umkhweli owenza umngxunya. Rhoqo ngonyaka nge-9 kaMeyi (usuku, xa inqanawa yayityhutyha iinqanawa, iMhla yeSixeko saseBhari) kwibhokisi ethile kwibhokisi, sikhupha i-couffen, sikhupha ihlabathi, elithiwe ekufeni.
Iimviwo ezimbini eziqhutywa ephakathi kwaye ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990 ziqinisekisile ukuba amandla agcinwe kwizixeko ezibini ze-Itali ngomnye umntu. Iingcali ze-anthropologists ezivela eBritani ngo-2005 zaphinda zakhiwa kwakhona kwinkangeleko yekati. Ukuba uyakholelwa kwimbonakalo ehlaziyiweyo, uNikolai Amaziko aBalulekileyo anyuka ngeemitha ezi-1.68, wayenendawo ephezulu, ulusu olumnyama, amehlo amdaka kunye neChin.
Imemori
Iindaba zokudluliselwa kwamaphiko amaNicholas wase-Itali wahamba wonke iYurophu, kodwa ekuqaleni komthendeleko obangela ukuba kubekho izithintelo kuphela. AmaGrikhi, kunye namaKristu eMpuma naseNtshona, athabathe iindaba zokudluliselwa kwento elusizi. ERussia, intlonipho yeSt. Nicholas kusasazwa kwinkulungwane ye-XI. Emva kwe-1087 (ngokwenye idatha, nge-1091), iCawe yeOrthodox yaseka i-9 (ngokweKhalenda ye-Gulian 22) inokuthi iMibhiyozeli yeLicomian ortional assian eBari.
Kukwasekwanangeneyo, njengaseRussia, iholide ibhiyozelwe yi-Orthodox Bulgaria neSerbia. AmaKatolika (ngaphandle kwezithintelo) awabhiyozelwa nge-9 kaMeyi. I-Orthodox ye-Orthodox yaseRussia yenyanga emithathu yeeholide ezinikezelwe kwiNikolai Umsebenzi. NgoDisemba 19 - usuku lwakhe lokufa, ngoMeyi 22 - Ukufika kwabangcwele abangcwele eBrisiya nge-11 ka-Agasti ka-Agasti. Kwiicawa ze-orthodox, umthengisi osebenza naye osebenza naye uCholas hucularate kunye nee-chances qho ngolwesine.
Iqela lesibini leholide elinxulunyaniswa nememori yesona sihlonitshwe eRussia sinxulunyaniswa nemifanekiso engummangaliso ngobuso bakhe. Ngomhla woku-1 ka-Matshi ka-2009, itempile ka-1913 kwaye usolusapho wasolusapho watshintshelwa kwi-bari kwiCawa ye-Orthodox yaseRussia. Izitshixo ezivela kubo zafumana uMongameli waseRussia Dmimtry Medidev.
ERussia, inani lee-icon ezibhaliweyo kwaye zazakhela iicawa ze-nicholas oord maseya osebenza ngaphambili emva kwentombi. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, igama likaNikolai lelona lizwe lithandwa kakhulu kweli lizwe. Kwinkulungwane ye-Xix-Xx, umsebenzeli osebenza naye wazukiswa ukuze uluvo lufunyenwe ngokungena kweSt. Nicholas kwi-Treativey eNgcwele. Ngokweenkolelo ze-slavic (imbali yaseBelaussia igcinwe), uNikolay uza kutshintsha uThixo kwitrone 'enkulu "evela kubaNgcwele.
Intshona neMpuma Slavs i-Slavs i-Nicholas i-nicholas ilungelo labasebenzi baseburhulumenteni abasebenza esibhakabhakeni kunye "nokuwela" kwiLizwe labanye. I-Southern Slavs ibizwa ngokuba yiNyile "INtloko yeParadesi", "Wolf Omalusi" kwaye "Ulwa Ngobundlobongela". Batsho, uNikolay Railway yi-patron yezolimo kunye nokuzibopha kwenyosi.
AmaKristu e-Orthodox abelane kwi-ICOnography yeNicholas yobusika noNikola. " Lo mfanekiso kwimifanekiso wahlukile: "Ubusika" abasebenza nabo babonakaliswa kwi-bishop, "intloko" intloko ayiveli. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba osebenza nomsebenzi uNikolai Amaziko onke ahlonitshwe nguKalmyki kunye nengcwaba, ukuvuma ubuBhuda. I-Kalmykov ibizwa ngokuba ngu "Mikola-Burkhan". Ujonga abalobi kwaye ithathwa njengomnini woLwandle lweCaspian. Ingcwaba lokuchonga i-nicholas enendoda endala emhlophe - thixo wobomi.
UNikolai Umsebenzi wase-Nikolai Ukumangalisa Ngaba uClaus eNgcali, egameni labo abantwana abanikwe izipho. Phambi koHlaziyo, iSaint yahlonitshwa ngoDisemba 6, kodwa emva koko bawubeka umbhiyozo ngoDisemba 24, ngoko ke zinxulunyaniswa neKrisimesi yovuyo. EXvii i-Britain, uNikolai wayenguyise "weKrisimesi", kodwa eHolland Igama lakhe nguMonisklaas, oguqulelwa njenge-Saint Nicholas.
ENew York, amaDatshi, owaseka iSixeko, wazisa i-Krisimesi ukuba ibhiyozele iKrisimesi kunye neSintas, kungekudala yaba nguSantas. Ukusuka kwi-Choptype yeCawa kwigorha, igama elishiywe, kulo mfanekiso uphela urhweba ngokucokisekileyo. EFrance, utat'omkhulu weKrisimesi uza ebantwaneni, kubantwana baseFinland - uJoulupzka, kakuhle, eRashiya, unyaka omtsha akanakwenzeka ngaphandle kweSanta Claus, i-prototype yomntu othandekayo eRussia.
Amandla eRussia
NgoFebruwari ngo-2016, intlanganiso kaThando lukaPatrill kwaye upopu yeFrancis yaseRoma yayiqhutywa, apho kufikelelwe kwisivumelwano malunga nokudluliselwa kwenxalenye yenxalenye ye-rigi yaseRussi eya eRussia. Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesixhenxe kaMeyi, ngo-2017, iziqwenga ze-nicholas zabasebenzi (umphetho wasekhohlo) zabekwa emkhombeni zaza zasiwa kwiCawa yaseMoscow ka Krescow kaKristu uMsindisi, apho babedibana khona ngusolusapho waseRussia. Ukunqwenela ukuguqa ngamanyala ukusuka ku-Meyi ukuya kweye-22 ukuya kwi-12 kaJulayi. NgoMeyi 24, uMongameli weVladimir uPladimir uPhin watyelela itempile. Nge-13 kaJulayi, umkhombe wathuthwa waya eSt. Petersburg, eAlexander Nevsky Lavra. Iziqwenga ziye zavulwa kude kube nguJulayi 28, 2017.
Iikhilomitha zekhilomitha zibekwe eMoscow kunye ne-St. Petersburg kwii-nicholads zomsebenzi waseMoscow naseSttersburg, yiyo loo nto bazise indlela ekhethekileyo yokufikelela etempileni. Abantu babhala amanqaku angcwele, bacela uncedo ekuphiliseni. Abaququzeleli bokufikelela kwii-flic ezingcwele bacelwe ukuba bangakwenzi oku, ukukhumbula ukuba ezinye iindlela ze-Orthodox kwezinye iindlela zabaNgcwele zifunda iAkalatists, imithandazo kunye neechasi. Amasuntswana e-Adcholas abasebenza kuzo abasebenza kuzo igcinwe kwiicawa zetempile ye-Russia yaseRussia, kwi-moscow yaseMoscow, e-St. Petersburg, yeKeternburg.