Biography
UKumkanikazi uVictoria ngummeli wokugqibela we-hannover, ukumkanikazi waseBritane noIreland, u-Ergreland, olawula ngurhulumente wama-63. Ngosuku lokuzalwa kukaVictoria, i-hannover donnasy ifuna indlalifa. Bobabini abantwana abasemthethweni bakaKumkani uWilhelm iv bafa kwasebusaneni. Abazalwana abakhulileyo abane-viliffm kunye nomnye umzukulwana osemthethweni kaGeorge III Charlotte Telttete wabanga itrone. Kodwa ngo-1817, iNkosazana eneminyaka engama-21 yafa ngokuzalwa komntwana, ngenxa yoko, oonyana abangatshatanga bakaGeorge III, kuquka notata waseVictoria eDeard, uDude waseKent, wazisa iintsapho zandisa i-genus.
Umfazi oneminyaka engamashumi amahlanu oneminyaka engamashumi oneminyaka engamashumi amahlanu waba yinkosazana yaseJamani iVictoria Saxen-Coburg-Zaalfeldskaya, ukuba yintsapho yakudala yeeVenkile ze-vetops, esuka kwinkulungwane yangaphambi kwe-SBE kwi-elbe. Ngexesha lomtshato, i-Princess Vitoria yayisele ingumhlolokazi, ukhulisa abantwana ababini, uCharles noDeooodoro, kumtshato wokuqala wokuqala noGrince Lethen. Emva kwexesha elithile emva komtshato, iDuke kunye neDwess yaqhutywa eJamani, kwaye xa uVitorsia wakhulelwa, uEduard wathabatha iqabane lakhe kunye nabantwana bakhe ukuya eNgilani. I-Princess Victoria Kent yazalwa ngoMeyi 24, 1819 kwi-Cansington Palace yekhubalo le-UK.
Emva kweenyanga ezisi-8, utata wentombazana wasweleka kwiPnemonia. URerince Regent wanyulwa uWilhelm engenamntwana iv ngeli xesha. Inkosazana yamiswa kwibhotwe laseKensington kwinkqubo engqongqo eyaphuhliswa yi-duchess yaseKent. UVictoria akazange ahlale eyedwa, ahlulahlulahlula igumbi lokulala kunye nonina kwaye afundisise imihla ngemihla phantsi kwetyala - isityalo se-Carsey - isiJamani, isiFrentshi, i-Arithmetic, umculo kunye nepeyinti. Ngesicelo sikaMama, le ntombazana yayingavumelekanga ukuba sincokole nabantu esingabaziyo.
Intsapho yomhlolokazi ixhomekeke kumkhonzi wangaphambili weDush John Koyori, owayelawula imicimbi yezemali yeDuchess. Ngo-1832, i-Yuna Victoria, kunye nonina kunye nentliziyo yakhe, kunye nentliziyo, yaqala ukuhamba yonke imihla kwi-kider kwilizwe ngenjongo yokwazi kunye nezifundo ezizayo.
Ukuqala kweBhodi
Ngexesha lokufa kukaWilhelm IV nge-20 kaJuni, nge-1837, uVictoria wahlala ekuphela kwendlela, eyokuqala, i-archbishop ye-canterbury yaseCanterbury yaqala ukufundiswa. I-oda yokuqala ye-Groysey Sendard yakuvuyela ukuyishiya iyure kuphela. Emva kwe-corontition, eyayiqhutywa eWestminster Abbey ebusweni bamawaka ama-400 amawaka, kwaye ukufudukela kwiBhultor Hictoria isuse umama noJohn Komoni kwimicimbi ende yeli xesha lebhotwe.
Kwakuloo nyaka, uNondyebo wasungula ukukhutshwa kweengqekembe ngomfanekiso karhulumente omtsha. Inkulumbuso inkosi melbourne yaba ngukumkanikazi obalulekileyo. Kwiminyaka yokuqala yolawulo lukaVictoria, kwaqeshwa irente yonyaka, eyayingama-385 amawaka eepawundi.
Ngexesha uVictoria ejoyina i-TRON, i-United Kingdom yayinguMchamo womgaqo-siseko kunye namandla owiso-mthetho aphuhlileyo kwiPalamente neKhabhinethi yabaPhathiswa. Kodwa ukumkanikazi ekugqibeleni waqalisa ukufaka igalelo kwiSebe leLizwe, ukuqesha abaphathiswa kunye nefuthe kwimisebenzi yamaqela ezopolitiko. Ngo-1842, ngexesha lakhe lendlala eIreland, uVictoria wanikela ngeemali zobuqu ukuxhasa ukuzila ukutya, kwimisebenzi ye-1846 ngesonka esingengeniswayo sarhoxiswa, ukuba kukutya okusemgangathweni.
Umgaqo-nkqubo wangaphakathi nowangaphandle
Ixesha lolawulo lukaKumkanikazi uVictolia laphawulwa yintyatyambo kwishishini le-UK, umkhosi, izenzi kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko kunye nezenkcubeko. Ngokuthe ngcembe ukunciphisa impembelelo yenkosi, ukumkanikazi uphakamise imeko yabemi. Ukuba luphawu lwamandla, uVictoria afumene amandla kwiingqondo zezifundo. Urhulumente wabuchaphazela ukwenziwa kwenkqubo yemfundo yasePuritan eluntwini yenkqubo yemfundo yePuritan, ehloniphayo kusapho, olwahlulahlula iVictoria ookumkani bangaphambili, odumileyo ngokuziphatha okubi, kwaye baphambuka kwinkosi ukuba baye kugculelwa.
Kwiminyaka yobudala iVictoria, kwabakho ummiselo ongqongqo wokuziphatha kwabemi eluntwini nakwizithintelo zomtshato, eziphinda zikhokelele kwinani lamanenekazi elingenandoda nabantwana. Imigaqo yokukhohlisa ibanga abantu abasahlukileyo isini, ukuba bahlale bodwa kwigumbi elinye, ukuze bahlale kwindlu enye notata ongenantombi yokungabikho kukamama. Amantombazana amancinci ayengavumelekanga ukuba athethe nabantu ongabaziyo. Abafazi babeva ubunzima kwaye bahlala befa ngenxa yokungabikho kwamadoda onyango. Oogqirha babengenakuyihlola isigulana, kunye nokubuza imicimbi yakhe engathandekiyo enxulumene nempilo yakhe.
Nangona kunjalo, uyilo, ifashoni, uncwadi, ukupeyinta kunye nomculo badubula kwi-eporic epoch. Ngo-1851, umboniso wokuqala wemizi-mveliso wabanjwa eLondon, kunye nezomyuziyam kamva kunye nemyuziyam yesayensi yenziwa. Xa uVictoria, ubude beendlela zololiwe zenyuka ukuya kwi-14.5 yeekhilomitha. Inani labemi ligqithile inani labahlali basemaphandleni kabini. Izibonelelo zedolophu zifumene uphuhliso: Ukukhanya kwesitalato, ukuntywila, ukuhambisa amanzi, iindlela, ibhulorho, ibhulorho kwaye i-metro yokuqala ivele kwiMegalopolis. ENgilani, iincwadi "Inkulumbuso" yeKarl Marx kunye nemvelaphi yeentlobo "zikaCharles Darwin baphuma.
Ukususela kwi-50s yomgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle, i-vissount Palmerston, eyandinika iBritane imeko ye-Armbrator yehlabathi ekusombululeni imicimbi yempikiswano. Uloyiso lweNkulumbuso yase-England lubandakanya ukuqinisekisa ukuzimela kweBelgium eHolland, amanzi empembelelo yaseRussia kumanzi amnyama aMnyama avule indlela emnyama e-India. Emva koloyiso kwi-China kwi-Opium kwi-Opium, i-United Kingdom ifumene ithuba le-opium engenamkhawulo ye-opium engenamda kwezi ndawo zintlanu ezinkulu zobukumkani obuphakamileyo. Ebudeni-i-50s, i-England ithathe inxaxheba kumlo wolwaphulo-mthetho ngokuchasene neRussia.
Ilizwe elikufuphi - i-Ireland liye lazama ukwahlukana neNgilane ngokubekwa kwembandezelo, ekhokelela ekubekweni kwenani elikhulu lamajoni lesiNgesi kumhlaba wayo. Ngo-1856, imikhosi yaseBritane yacinezela i-currity colony colony, yawomeleza urhulumente olawulayo kwiPeninsula. Ngo-1876, ekucebiseni kwenkulumbuso kaBenjamin, i-Dizraeli Queen Vitoria ifumene imeko ye-chresrept yase-India. UBukhosi baseBritane baqhubeka nokuqhuba ulwandiso olunoburharha kwi-Afrika naseAsia. Kwiminyaka yokuqala ye-80s, ubanjiwe wase-Egypt yenzeka, emva koko uSudan.
Ubomi Buqu
Ndikunye nomyeni ka-Albert, owayefuna intombazana eCousse, uVictoria wadibana ngo-1836. Intlanganiso yesibini yenzeka ngo-1839, emva kokuba uVitoria wangena kwitrone. Intliziyo Yokumkanikazi Osencinci Inxunguphele, intombazana yathandana. Ayisishiyi i-Indonent kunye ne-Albert Saxen-Koburg-Gothic. Umtshato wenzeka ngoFebruwari 10, 1840 kwi-chapel yebhotwe yaseSt. Ukubonakala kumbhiyozo kwisinxibo esimhlophe kunye nekamva elimhlophe, uVictoria waba ngumthetho wefashoni yomtshato. Ngaphambi koko, uMtshakazi wanyulwa kwimibala ebomvu okanye emnyama.
Ulwalamano olufudumeleyo lwasungulwa phakathi kwamaqabane, apho iVictoria iphinda ikhankanywe ngoonobumba. Ukumkanikazi wazibiza owonwabileyo kwabasetyhini. IPrince Albert yayikholiswa sisikhundla sakhe. Kwiminyaka yokuqala yolawulo, inkosana-inkosana yayihlala ecaleni kwimicimbi, ukuzalisekisa ukusebenza konobhala weqabane. Kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, imisebenzi emininzi, kubandakanya imbalelwano yamazwe aphesheya, uAlbert uthathe ngaphezulu.
Ukuthandwa kwesibini sasebukhosini kuRhulumente kwabaphembelela ukukhululwa kweseti yesipho equlethe iifoto ezili-14 ngomfanekiso weVictoria no-Alberta. Zizonke iiseti zokuqeshwa zathengiswa, yayiyimvelaphi yesiko lefoto yokutshata. Isitya esithandwayo sikaKumkanikazi uVictoria yibhisi ye-vanilla yayiyibhasiki ye-vanilla ene-zest ye-lemon kunye ne-sitrobheli, eyathi yabizwa emva kozuko lwayo.
Ekupheleni kwe-1840, intombi yokuqala yazalelwa kwintsapho yasebukhosini, ngokwesiko leVictoria. Ukumkanikazi onobuntu obusandul 'ukuzalwa, akazange athande imeko yokukhulelwa nokuncancisa, kodwa oku akupheleli ngunina ongoonyana abane ngakumbi - iAlfred (1854), i-leopold (1853) Iintombi ezine - Alice (1843), i-ENA (1846), uLouise (1848), uBeatrice (1857). Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukumkanikazi wase-England wakwazi ukucwangcisa ngokufanelekileyo imitshato yabantwana, ngaloo ndlela komeleza ikhonkco phakathi kolawulo lwaseYurophu, ngenxa yoko kwaqala ukubizwa ngokuba "ngumakhulu waseYurophu".
Ngo-1861, uAlbert wabulawa sisisu, kwaye uVictoria waqalwa ukuba sisijwili iminyaka eliqela. Emva kokufumana kwakhona ilahleko, ukumkanikazi uVictoria wafumana imicimbi yorhulumente eBritane. Ebudeni bowe-1960s, uMnu John Brown waba ngumntu ongumGqwetha, owachazwa ngunxibelelwano olusondeleyo noVictoria. Emva kwe-1876, ukuhlonitshwa kwesikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-50 ubudala yeBhodi, uVictoria wabhala izicaka ezininzi ezivela eIndiya. UKumkanikazi we-Optic Goldic, kwaye uHindu Abdul Karim waba yinto entle kurhulumente kunye notitshala wakho, ingcali kwinkcubeko ye-vedic.
Abantwana beKumkanikazi babehlala abantu abadala kwaye bazisa iVictoria2 umzukulwana wama-45 kunye neengqolowa ezingama-85. Phakathi kwenzala edumileyo kaKumkanikazi uVictoria yingukumkani kaGreat Elizabeth II, uKumkani wase-Norwar Bigrete II, ukumkani waseSpain Jain Sofia. UKumkanikazi uVictoria waba ngumphathi wokuqala kuhlobo lwakhe i-hemophilia gene, eyafuduswa kwiintombi zaseAlice neBeatrice. Ukusuka kwi-Royal unyana weHemophilic yaba yinkosana. Esi sifo sibonisa ukuba nguTatomkhulu waseVictoria - i-Tsarevich Alexey, unyana wakudala olindelwe nguNicholas II kunye ne-Alexandra Fedovna, intombi yenkosazana yenkosazana.
Ukufa
Kwiminyaka yoo-1990s, impilo yokumkanikazi yaqalisa ukuphela. IVictoria inesithukuthezi nge-ruatism, eyayiyicenga kwi-catal. Urhulumente waqalisa ukuqhubela phambili ikhathalolo kunye ne-Aphasia. Ngaphakathi ngoJanuwari 1901, uVictoria waziva ubuthathaka kwaye kancinci.
I-Erress ifile ngoJanuwari 22, 1901 ezandleni zakhe zikaEdward VII kunye, uMlawuli, eJamani uWilhelma II. Izifundo zithathe nzulu ukubulawa kwenkosikazi. Ukumka kwakhe kwasekupheleni kwe-epoch, eyayikwimbali yombuso ebizwa ngokuba "yiGolden Age".
Imemori
UKumkanikazi uVictoria uzinikele kwizikhumbuzo ezininzi zenkcubeko. Ngokusekwe kwi-biography kaRhulumente, iifilimu zihlala zidalwa rhoqo (Nksk. Brown, "UVictorsia oselula", "abantu abancinci", "iVictolor"). UChristopher Hibbert, i-Evelin Anthony, Litton Strai, iindiza zobugcisa kunye nemisebenzi yomculo zinikezelwe kwi-epoch yaseVictorian.
Igama likaVictoria likhona kumagama eendawo, izixeko, amazwe olwezwe. Usuku lokuzalwa lwe-empesi luseyiholide ye-canana yelizwe. Igama likaKumkanikazi uVictoria Victoria lalisetyenziswa eBotanic, i-Astronomy, uyilo.