Biography
Ursula Le guin ngumbhali waseMelika owazithandayo abathanda iintsomi zentsomi. Kungatsho ukuba i-Ursula ngumqeshi kolu hlobo, kuba imisebenzi yayo ithathwa njengeziinkozo zentsomi kunye neengxaki zentlalo.
I-Ursula Kretha Le giin yazalwa nge-21 ka-1929 kwiZiko lezeNtanethi iBerkey, eselwandle empuma yeSan Francisco Bay (California, eUSA). Umbhali wayenethamsanqa lendawo yokuzalwa, kuba iBerkeley ithathelwa ingqalelo enye yezona zixeko zenkululeko zaseMelika.
Ukongeza, ilahleko ukusuka kuxinzelelo olukhulu, owaqala ngo-1929, akazange achaphazele abemi bale dolophu ngenxa yesakhiwo semfundo esiphuhlileyo. Iphantsi kwempembelelo yeyunivesithi kwiSixeko, itekhnoloji yale mihla ivele. U-Ursula wakhula waza wavela kwintsapho enkulu ka-Alfred Luis Krerekh kunye neqabane lakhe i-Theodora Krereter. Umbhali uneendaba ezintathu ezihlanganisiweyo kwimitshato yangaphambili kaMama notata: UClifton, uKarl noKarl.
Utata wovelwano, owazalwa kwintsapho yabafuduki yaseJamani, wasebenza yi-Anthropologist kwaye wafunda unjingalwazi wamaIndiya, ekufundeni unjingalwazi we-Anthropology kunye noMlawuli weMyuziyam yeNgcali yeCalifornia. U-Alfred Louis wayeyinzululwazi eyaziwayo kwaye wathabatha inxaxheba kwimidlalo yakudala, ephembelela ibali, kwaye amanqaku akhe kunye neengcinga zakhe kunye neengcinga zakhe zaziphumelele. Kwafika kwinqanaba lokuba abantu ababephila ngexesha lika-Alfred babonakala bexelisa indevu kunye ne-mude, kwaye ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe indoda yafumana igama lesidlaliso laseAmerical Andropologists.
Umama ka-Urula wayengumbhali, owaziwa kwiisangqa ezimxinwa, owaba ngumbhali webhayiloji yeHashi-eyokugqibela yelizwe lolwimi lwe-Yana. Intsomi yexesha elizayo ikhule kwindawo ekrelekrele: i-theodore kwaye i-Atred kunye ne-Atred kunye neendaba emhlabeni ngesidlo sakusasa. I-Ursula yamkeleleyo iva ezi ncoko zinomdla zabantu abadala. Njengoko bekulindelwe, u-Le guin wayelikhoboka lokufunda kunye noncwadi lwasebudeni, nge-7 sele eqambe imibongo. Xa intombazana enesiphiwo yayineminyaka eyi-9, wabhala ibali elimangalisayo.
Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, u-Ursula waba ngumbhali webali le-Fiction lesayensi elithunyelwe kwi "Mazwiks zeSayensi yeSayensi". Nangona umhleli wala ukupapasha umsebenzi kumaphepha ephephandaba, umbhali oselula akazange aziphanga iingalo zakhe kwaye aqhubeke nokuzibandakanya kwimisebenzi oyithandayo. Le giin yayiye kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo e-Nativer Berkeleyley. Intombazana ingxinane kwiincwadi zesikhokelo kwibhayoloji kwaye ifundele imibongo, kodwa kwiMathematics, umfundi wayeneTroika eqinileyo: yayikwenziwa kakhulu kwifomula kunye ne-algebraic.
Ukufumene isatifikethi sokuvuthwa, u-Issula waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe, ekhethekileyo kwiincwadi zaphakathi eRomanesque. Ukukhetha kwakhe kwawa kwiKholeji yeRadcliff yeYunivesithi yaseHarvard. Umbhali we-Master's Degree efunyenwe kwiYunivesithi yaseColumbia.
Uncwadi
Nangona u-Ursula wabhala amabali abantwana amaninzi, ukuqokelelwa kwezibongili kunye neencoko ezigxekayo, abafundi babeqhele ukuqonda i-guin njengamanyala eenoveli zenzululwazi, kodwa umfazi ngokwakhe obiza ngokuba nonoveliso. Iincwadi zakhe zahlukile kwimisebenzi yeTelkien okanye i-marsula, kuba u-Ursula wancancisa umsebenzi wakhe nge-anthropology nakwiingxaki zentlalo.
Kwihlabathi lemixholo, umbhali uhlangabezana nezinto zokwenyani: I-vieni intanda-bulumko iyaphikisana nokunxibelelana kwethutyana, i-xenophobia, ubuntu, isini, isini, i-anarneta yoluntu. Ke ngoko, umsebenzi wakhe ngobunzima obulungele isakhelo semibono yanamhlanje malunga nentsomi yesayensi. Le guein phantse ihlala igxile kwimvelaphi yomntu kwaye ichaza iinkcukacha zobomi beziphelo zentsomi.
Kukufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba indlela yokubhala ye-Ursula ingqongqo kwaye iyaqondakala. Umbhali akayigqithanga imisebenzi ngakwimifanekiso egqithisileyo okanye izindululo ezigqithisileyo kwaye akaxeleli ngomlo obethwe ngumlo wokulungileyo nokubi. Kodwa kumaphepha eencwadi zakhe, iingcinga ezinzulu zilandelwa, apho i-guin inamavili ngokufanelekileyo. IPlatUut Roma "iPlanethi yaseRoma" yaseRoma "iRhatnern" yapapashwa ngo-1966. Ibali lokuqala loMbhali "(ngo-1964) waba ngumntwa owenza lo msebenzi.
Le ncwadi, ixelela malunga nendalo iphela yomjikelo wobuchwephesha, wazisa umfundi nabantu abamangalisayo kunye nezinto ezingaqhelekanga: I-Amateric Amateur ifunda malunga nefuthe leziyolo le-robgannon kwindawo engapheliyo.
U-Leuin wamthandayo ukuchaza ngokucokisekileyo chaza nkqu neenkcukacha ezincinci zomsebenzi, umzekelo, umbhali weza ne-ANTA i-ANTAT, isixhobo esikhethekileyo esiqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezenzeka kwi-Astronommican kwenye. Kwakhona, esi sixhobo sisetyenziswayo sisetyenziswa ebalini "Ilizwi leHlathi kunye neLizwe elinye" (1972).
Ngo-1968, u-Ursula uqalisa umsebenzi "womhlaba oPhakamileyo", oquka iincwadi ezintandathu: "I-MARINT YOMHLA YOKUZIPHATHA", "Tekhana", "Tekhana", "Kwenye imimoya "nokuqokelelwa kwamabali eLizwe lomhlaba". Umbhali owenziwe ngumbhali yi-aripelago, eyahlulahlulwe yaziqithi ezincinane ngabantu, izidalwa ezifunyanwa zihlobo, iidragons, iikhwezi, ii-navigres, iilekese, ezimhlophe kunye nabagqwirha abamhlophe. Kule ndawo yendalo, umlingo bungabi yinto engaqhelekanga yemvelo, kodwa yinxalenye yobomi.
Ngo-2004, umlawuli odumileyo uRobert uBurberman wasusa ifilimu esekwe kumjikelo le guin "i-wizard yomhlaba", apho i-sebastian rocher, i-channifer calver kunye nezinye iinkwenkwezi zemovie. Ayingabo bonke abalandeli bombhali balilinganisa umsebenzi we-Laserman: Ngokoluvo lwabo, ukuba lilingane neencwadi ezi-6 ze-Ursula kwixesha lemizuzu eli-170 phantse ayinakwenzeka.
Ngo-1969, u-Ursula Le guin ucela abalandeli ngesiRoma "isandla sasekhohlo bebokubumnyama". Kule msebenzi, umbhali wenza kugxilwe ngokucacileyo kwinkcazo yohlanga lwabemi beplanethi ebusika: babonisa imiqondiso ye-Dikogami, kunye ne-Ursula ixelela ngomsebenzi wezempilo kunye nokukhulisa abantwana. Kodwa eli ayilibali nje malunga nesizwe esiyintsomi, kodwa inqaku elibi elinomxholo ongalindelekanga.
Ngo-1973, le guin inika abathandekayo be-psychomif-umzekeliso obizwa ngokuba "emkile kwimoce". Eli bali liphakamisa iingxaki zentanda-bulumko obalulekileyo: umzekelo, nokuba abantu baphoswa ecaleni kobomi bayakwazi kuluntu olunye abanesiphelo "scapegooats".
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba i-Dedor Dostoevsky kwinoveli "ye-karashazov" ichukumise esi sihloko. Lo msebenzi u-ursula wafumana i-hugo ye-hugo yelona bali lihle (1974). Kwi-arsenal le guin kukho amabhaso athembekileyo "," ezibandakanya "nabanye abaninzi.
Ubomi Buqu
Ndikunye nomyeni wexesha elizayo, uCharles Le Guin uUrsula wadibana eFrance, apho wahamba khona phantsi kwenkqubo yebuqhinga. Umbhali othandekayo nguMelika we-French imvelaphi, unjingalwazi wembali. Ngo-1953, u-Ursula noCharles bawela ubudlelwane bomtshato kwaye ukusukela ngoko iminyaka emininzi banikele ngesandla, bebambana. Kuyaziwa ukuba amaqabane abantwana abathathu (iintombi zikaElizabhete kunye ne-caroline, kunye nonyana kaThewador), abazukulwana abane, izilwanyana kunye nabahlobo abaninzi abathembekileyo.
U-Ursula akazange athandane nokuthetha iinkcukacha zobomi bakhe. Ibizwa kuphela kwiintatheli ukuba ubukho bayo buzolile kwaye bubuhlungu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umbhali wavuma ukuba, afumana abantu abadala, abasahambi kakuhle nomyeni wakhe, kodwa bafunda ngoxolo i-Loustoy Rillner Ridke noJane Austin. Kuluhlu lwee-facesus, oovisa oluvunyiweyo loncwadi lweBulgakov, iZamyatin naseGencharov zadweliswa.
Ngapha koko, iincwadi ezikulonwabo zazingenazo ezinye izinto ozithandayo zombhali othandekayo kwaye ziqwalasele umbandela wokudweliswa olona hlobo lungachanekanga, kuba umdyarho wentshabalalo akafanelekanga. Kwakhona, amaqabane le giin ngokuhlwa bajonga iimovie kwaye ngamanye amaxesha waya kwindawo eshiyiweyo kunye nendawo eshiyekileyo - emazantsi-mpuma e-Oregon ukuba yedwa nendalo.
Ukufa
Ngo-2017, u-Irsule Le Guin wajika iminyaka engama-87 ubudala. Umsebenzi wokugqibela wabhalwa ngo-2008- eli libali le "lavinia".Umbhali wasweleka nge-22 kaJanuwari, 2018 kwikhaya lakhe ePortland. Ngokutsho koNyana kaTheodore, iinyanga zokugqibela zempilo ka-Ususula yayingabalulekanga.
I-Bibliography
- "Iplanethi yeRuntennon (1966);
- "USemlie gothlace" (1964);
- "I-Magian yoMhlaba" (1968);
- "Isandla sasekhohlo Sobumnyama" (1969);
- "Amangcwaba ka-Atuana" (1970);
- "Kulunxweme lokugqibela" (1972);
- "Ilizwi lehlathi kunye nehlabathi enye" (1972);
- "Ukuphuma kweOmetrace" (1973);
- "THHAn" (1990);
- "Kwenye imimoya" (2001);
- "Iintsomi zoMhlaba" (2001, ingqokelela);
- "Usuku lokuzalwa lwehlabathi" (2002);
- "USTERPT" (2003);
- "Dubill da" (2004);
- "ILavinia" (2008).