Biography
Ukufa kukaKhanya enkulu boBukhosi baseMongolire waseGenghis Khan akuzange kubephelele iimfazwe zegolide. Umzukulwana womphathi-mkhosi onyanisekileyo uqhubeke nesiko lotatomkhulu odumileyo wacwangcisa eyona phulo lenkohliso ye-Golden Horde kwimbali ebizwa ngokuba yiphulo elikhulu laseNtshona. Ukuhlasela kukaBatius kwandise ubukhosi beGenghis Khan kwimida emangalisayo.
Kwelinye lamaxwebhu agciniweyo alo xesha leBetha, kukho imiqolo:
"Ungene elunxwemeni lwasemantla eMetample kunye nomkhosi omkhulu waya eYurophu kwaye waphulukana nedolophu yaseKiev, waphula isixeko saseKiev, saphula isixeko, ekugqibeleni, waya kuphele Kwaye kukhokelela kwintswela-ntle kwaye wonke umhlaba wamaKristu. "Iphulo le-suiner lika-Batya eRussia kwaye i-250 ye-250 ye-250 ye-250 ye-250 ye-250 ye-250 ye-250 ye-250 ye-250 ye-250 yashiya uphawu olungapheliyo kwimbali kaRhulumente.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
Akukho mhla wokuzalwa ochanekileyo kaBarya. Ngamaxwebhu ezembali, unyaka ohlukeneyo wokuzalwa ubonisiwe. I-Batu, unyana kaJuc, wazalwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XIII. Utata ka-Batha lo nyana mkhulu kaGenghis Khan, ozuze ilifa ngabo bonke amazwe asentshona umlambo i-Ittorsh. Kwakhona, uJuchsi akazange afumane umhlaba ongoyikiyo umhlaba: iYurophu, iRussia, iKhorezm kunye ne-vorzh bulgaria. UGenghis Khan wayalela uNyana ukuba andise imida ye-ULUS (ubukhosi) ngokwahlula amazwe eRussia naseYurophu.
UJucki akazange athandane nezihlobo. UBOMI BONYAKA BABAYA BABADALA, KWIMHLABABO. Emva kokubhubha kukaJachi, kunye neemeko ezingabalulekanga ngo-1227, umkhosi wasentshona ye-Irtoyh ebizwa ngokuba yi-Baya indlaliki. UGenghis Khan wavuma ukukhetha indlalifa. Amandla akwabasekele kwimo ye-Bati eyahlulelene nabazalwana: uninzi lwemikhosi kunye nempuma yesizwe baya esiqongeni, kwaye amaBati ahlulelene nabazalwana abancinci.
Ukuhamba ngeenyawo
I-biegraphy kaKhan Batya - Imbali yobomi begorha elikhulu. Ngo-1235, umlambo i-Oon Kursult (iBhunga leTyy) ligqibe ekubeni lisebenzise iphulo laseNtshona. Umzamo wokuqala wokufikelela kwiKiev wenziwa yimikhosi yeGenghis Khan kwi-1221. Ixhoba loyiswa ngo-1224 ukusuka kwi-volgar (i-volzhsko-kama iBulgaria yingingqi yeVolga ephakathi), imikhosi kaChingis Khan yayeka ukukhuthaza. Iphulo elitsha laliphathiswe abazukulwana bakaGenghis Khan Khan Khan Batu. Isandla sasekunene se-Atius samiselwa kwimpahla yedolophu. I-subendey yaya kuyo yonke i-genghis khan, ithathe inxaxheba kumlo oloyisayo kunye nemikhosi ye-Polovtsy kunye neRussia emlanjeni kalka (ummandla we-Donsks owenziwayo, iUkraine).
Ngo-1236, i-Bai yentloko ye-Bai kwiPhulo leNtshona yeNtshona. Umhlaba we-polovtsy waba yinto yokuqala eyoyikisayo yeGolden Horde. I-Volga Bulgaria yaya kuBukhosi beMongol. Kwakukho ihlaselo eliqela eRussia. Ukuhlaselwa buqu kukhokelele ukuthathwa komhlaba waseRyazen kunye neVladimir ngo-1238, ngonyaka we-1240 - kiev. Ukoyisa i-volga yeBulgaria, ihlaselwe kunye nomkhosi iye kwi-polovtsy kwi-don. Imikhosi yokugqibela ye-polovtsy yaphukile yiMongols ngonyaka we-1237. Emva kokophula i-polovtsy, iTatar-Mongols Batya bafudukela eRyazan. Isixeko sawela ngomhla wesithandathu wokuhlaselwa.
Ibali lakudala laseRussia "kwintshabalalo ye-Ryazan Blumy" igcinwe kude kube namhlanje, yaphela isiphelo senkulungwane ye-XID. Kuluhlu lwakudala, ukuhlasela kweTatar-Mongol kwiRyazan ngonyaka we-1237 kubaliswa. I-Khan Bati ene-horde yangena emlanjeni i-voronezh phantsi kweRyazan. IPrince Yuri Igorevich ithumele uncedo lwePrince enkulu Vladimir Georgia VSEGODEvich. Kwangelo xesha, uYuri wazama ukususa ibatha ngezipho. U-Khan ubanjiwe ngobuhle, ophilayo ngaphaya kweendonga zeRyazan, kwaye wacela ukuba uthumele i-snooch yeprist. Indoda yaseEupraxia yaxhaswa kwaye yabulawa. Umfazi wazibulala ngokutsiba kunye ne-terche. Ukungaphumeleli kusebenze njengomqondiso ukuqala idabi. Iziphumo zedabi yayikukubanjwa kunye nokonakaliswa kweRyazan ngeTatars Baiya. Umkhosi kaYuri waphulwe, inkosana yasweleka.
Ngokutsho kwe-theend, uVoevod Ryazan Evprethrat, ubuyela ekhaya kwi-Cssernigov, wabona esi sixeko sitshatyalalisiwe ziitayile. Ukuqokelela indawo yothintelo lwabantu abayi-177, wahamba emanyathelweni amaMongols. Emva kokuba ungene kwidabi elingalinganiyo kunye nemikhosi ye-Batya phantsi kweSuzdal, iqela laphukile. Ibethwe, inika irhafu kwi-Kolovrat's Chupper, ibonakaliswe kwirhuluneli engalinganiyo, yanika irhuluneli yerhuluneli esele ihleli isiRashiya ngala mazwi: "Owu, evpcala! Ukuba undikhonza, ndiza kukuyamba entliziyweni! ". Igama leRyamonor Ryazan ibhaliwe kwimbali yaseRussia ecaleni kwelinye, akukho namaqhawe amancinci.
Ukuba neRyaze, umkhosi kaBeta waya eVladimir. UMoscow noKolomna, owayemi eKhan, esonakalisiweyo. I-Osada Vladimir yaqala ebusika be-1238. Kwiintsuku ezine kamva, amaTatay wathabatha idolophu. I-Batty i-odred ukuba itshise umlilo kwiVladimir. Abemi babulawa kunye noGrace. Ukulungisa iVladimir, ihrde yahlulwa kabini. Inxalenye enye yemikhosi yayisiya eTorzhok, enye yaya eNovgorod, kwindlela yokwaphula umkhosi waseRussia emlanjeni. Ngaphandle kokufikelela kwi-Novgorod 100 yeekhilomitha, baty babuya umva. Ukudlula kwisixeko saseKozelsk, i-horde yadibana nokunganyangeki kwabantu basekuhlaleni. I-Osada Kozelsk ithatyathwe iiveki ezisixhenxe. Ukuthimba idolophu, iititha azishiyanga ilitye nelitye.
I-Bati esemazantsi ibathwa ngo-1239. Endleleni eya kwiNjongo ePhakamileyo - iKiev - Khan itshabalalise iPereyaslav kunye ne-CUSMAGOV. Ukungqingwa kweKiev kuthathe iinyanga ezintathu kwaye kwaphela ngoloyiso lukaKhan Batya. Iziphumo zeTatar-Mongol Ukuhlaselwa eRussia zibi. Umhlaba ubekwe emonakalweni. Izixeko ezininzi azizange. Abahlali basiwa ebukhobokeni kwiHorde.
Ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwe-Mongolia yaseMongolia kwi-Russia ngonyaka ka-1237-1248, iinkosana ezizukileyo kwakufuneka zenze ukuxhomekeka kwezopolitiko neze-day zobukumkani obuvela kubukhosi baseMongol. IRussia ihlawule irhafu ngonyaka. Khan Golden Horde wammisela abathetheli abazimiseleyo eRussia ngeelebheli. I-IGO I-IGO GORDE YOPHANDO LOMhlaba oMhlatho-ntshona waseRussia waqhubeka kabini ngenkulungwane enesiqingatha, kude kufike i-1480.
Ngo-1240, ukwaphuka yiHorde yeKiev yatshintshelwa kwiVladimer Prince Yarossav Vsevodonivich. Ngo-1250, inkosana yaqhubeka nommeli weKurutor ukuya eKarakrarum, apho wayenetyhefu. Oonyana bakaYaroslav no-Aliyari no-Alexander Nevsky balandela utata emgwebeni wegolide. UAndrei wafumana i-vladimerication i-vladimer i-vladimer, kwaye uAlexander-kiev noNovgorod. UKiev wavulwa yiNdlela yeGolden Horde eYurophu. Ezantsi kwe-carpathia, i-West hike yahlulahlulwa yangamampungesi amabini. Iqela elinye ekhokelwa ngu-Badar kwaye i-horde yahamba ngeenyawo ePoland, uMoravia noSilessia.
Omnye, ekhokelwa nguBandan, uKadanan nobuqhophololo, ephumelela iHungary: Aprili 11, 1241, imikhosi yeKing Bela iv iqhekezwe yiMongol River. Ngoloyiso kwiHungary, i-Batu yavula indlela eya koyisa iBulgaria, eSerbia, iBosnia, iDalniatia. Ngo-1242, umkhosi weGolden Horde wangena kwi-Europe Europe kwaye wema esangweni lesixeko saseSaxon saseMaisissen. Ukuya eNtshona kwi-West Seler. Ukuhlaselwa kweRus kudlule kakhulu iitatshi zooliko. I-Batty yabuyela kwiVolga.
Esinye isizathu sokuphela kwephulo elikhulu yayikukubulawa kweKhan enkulu Khan Egteya, i-Genghis Khan. I-Kagan entsha yaba nguGuuk, ixesha elide lutshaba lwama-Batya. Emva kokufika kweGuuku yaqala ukubalwa. Ngo-1248, enkulu ihambile ihambile i-Batya. Kodwa, ukuba kufike iSamatical, Khan Goyuk wasweleka ngequbuliso. Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, uKhan wayenetyhefu ngabaxhasi beBatya. I-khan enkulu kaGreat ngo-1251 yayiyinkxaso yeBabe ye-Batya Munke.
Ngo-1250, ukuhlaselwa kwaseka isixeko saseSayy-Batutu (ngoku - kwilali ye-sellitranins kwi-Khalabansky kwisithili seAstrakhan. Ngokutsho koPhando lwabantu ababephila ngexesha, uSaraj-Batu sisixeko esihle esigcwele ngabantu. I-bazaars eqaqambileyo kunye nezitrato zabetha umbono weendwendwe zeSixeko. Emva kwexesha, ngexesha lolawulo lukaKhan Uzbek, isixeko sayeka ukuncipha kwaye sahlutha izitena zokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokuhlala izinto ezintsha.
Ubomi Buqu
Khan Bati wayenabafazi abangama-26. Umfazi okhulileyo yi-bockin-hatun. I-Bracchin kwasekuqaleni kwi-Tritir Ribe, i-Nomadic empuma yeMongolia. Ngokwedatha engafunekiyo, i-boracchin ngumama wonyana olizibulo waseBaya, i-Sartak. Ukongeza kwi-Sartak, iyaziwa malunga noonyana bakaKhan oninzi kaKhan: Tukan no-Abkane. Kukho ubungqina bokuba kukho enye indlalifa ukuya eBaiya - i-Uralch.Ukufa
I-Batty ifile ngo-1255. Akukho lwazi luchanekileyo malunga nonobangela bokufa kukaKhan. Kukho iinguqulelo zokufa ezivela kwityhefu okanye kwisifo se-rumatic. Indlalifa ka-Batya yayingunyana omkhulu u-Sartak. USartaki wafunda ngokusweleka kukaBawo, entendelezweni yeMuni-Khan eMongolia. Ukubuyela kwethu ekhaya, indlalifa yafa ngequbuliso. UKhanya waba nguNyana we-sarvenile u-orak. I-Brackin-Harun yabuyiselwa kwi-Khan nerhuluneli ye-ULUS. Kungekudala u-Ural wasweleka.
I-Brickin yayiphindezela ukuza kwamandla kwi-Juciyan Uuchi, umzukulwana waseGenghis Khan Burke. Kwenziwe iyelenqe, kwaye i-boracchin yabulawa. I-Burke ngumlandeli womgaqo-nkqubo kaMzalwan 'uBau ekwandiseni inkululeko ye-ULUS. UnguYokha okokuqala owamkela i-Islam. Ngexesha leBhodi, u-Ulus wafumana inkululeko. Yamkela ukutshiswa kwe-golide kwi-gorde yegolide ngaphezulu kwe-rus.
Imemori
I-Baty ishiye inkumbulo eyoyikekayo ngokwakhe eRussia. Kwimicimbi yamandulo, uKhan wabizwa ngokuba "ngwabi", "akanasihlo." Kwenye yazo igcinwe kwiintsuku zangoku, unokufunda:
"I-thebasticy bayi ithathwe umhlaba waseRussia, owawuphalaleleyo igazi, njengamanzi, ngokukhulu, amaKristu abotshwe."Empumalanga, iBatulu iyakholelwa kuHanu. Kwi-Astana kunye ne-Ulan Bator, izitrato zibizwe emva kweBatu-Khan. Igama likaKhan Batya lifumaneka kuncwadi nakwisinema. Umbhali vasily yang waguqulwa kwi-biography yomphathi omkhulu. Iincwadi zombhali "Genghis Khan", "Bati", "kulwandle lokugqibela" lwaziwa ngabafundi. Malunga neBati ikhankanywa kwiincwadi ze-Alexey Yugov kunye ne-ilyas eseberlin.
Ifilimu yeSoviet yoMlawuli we-1987 Yaroslav Lupia " Ngo-2012, izikrini zaseRussia zaphuma umfanekiso ka-Andrei Peskina "ACDA". Ukupeyinta kunemisitho eyenzekileyo eRussia nakwi-Golden Horde kwinkulungwane ye-XIII.