Biography
I-Vera Maretskaya - UmThetho, Wohlula iintliziyo zabasebenzi befilimu kunye ne-theaterons. Imuvi nge-marezka yokholo isahleli kubalandeli ngophawu lothando lobugcisa, obalaseleyo kunye nokholo ebomini, olwenziwa ngumfazi onetalente.
I-Vera Petrovna yazalelwa kwilali yaseBarvikha, ekwingingqi yaseMoscow, nge-31 kaJulayi 1906. Utata weTrist yomThetho wexesha elizayo, uPeter Grigorievich, wasebenza kwi-wikitin ye-wikitin buffet.
Ukholo oluncinci kunye nabanye abazalwana noodade babini babeza kwisekethe ukuze bancede uyise. Intombazana ethanda ukuchitha ixesha kwisekisi: Uncedo lwaluswele kuphela ngexesha lokungenelela, ixesha lonke lokholo lwalusemva kwemigama, bebukele intsebenzo. Mhlawumbi iphupha lendawo kunye nescreen semifanekiso bhanyabhanya ihlanjululwe ngomphefumlo we-marezka sele evinjeni. Nangona kunjalo, la maphupha ayechasene nombono wabazali bombono kaMaretsky: Abo babefuna ukunika ukholo kunye nabantakwabo noodadewabo eyimfundo ebaluleke ngakumbi.
Ke, ukuvumela uxinzelelo lukatata noMama, uVera Perovna waya kuthatha iimviwo kwiYunivesithi yaseMoscow kwiSebe leSayensi yeZihlo. Kodwa iphupha lomsebenzi olibambeleyo aluzange lushiye iintliziyo zalo, kwaye amaxwebhu entombazana efayilisela ngokufihlakeleyo okufuduka ngaxeshanye kwizitudiyo ezintathu ezibambeleyo. Ukumangaliswa kwakhe, i-maretskaya yaluchaphazela ngokufanelekileyo uvavanyo lwentshatsheli kwaoko kubo bobabini kwaye bami kwiSikolo seStudio ye-Wahtang Theatthi yethiyetha yeWahtang. Intanda-bulumko ye-farulty akazange abone ukholo lwePetrovna ezindongeni zakhe.
Iifilimu
Njengoko kusenzeka njalo, indlela yeMbambana yoMoya kwiscreen saqala ukubenkcezwa kwenqanaba. Ngo-1924, uYuri Zavadski, umlingisi weWakhtangov Theatre, wamisa eyakhe i-dalater fast. I-Vera Maretskaya, kunyaka omnye uphumelelayo isitayile seholo, wamkela isimemo se-Zavadskiy ukuba ngumdlali weprojekthi yakhe. Imbali yokholo yokholo eMaretskaya yaqala ngeendima ezinzima. I-hypocliveliment encinci yakwazi ukubonakalisa kakuhle i-gancedy kunye ne-man paridge, ubulumko bobomi.
Umdlali weqonga waqalisa ukufumana, ama-Andariatia aqala ukuza kwindawo yemidlalo yeqonga "ukuya eMaretsky", kwaye abalandeli bazame ukufumana ifoto yokholo kwi-maretsky ngengqokelela yabo. Nangona kunjalo, yayisisiqalo nje kuphela. Okokuqala ngqa i-vera petrovna ihlungume kwi-cinema kwiminyaka eli-19, ngo-1925. Ufumene indima ethobekileyo kwifilimu ethi "Umnxeba wakhe", iDrama Yakov i-Protazazav. Kwakuloo nyaka, i-protazanov yameme i-maretsky kwindima emfanekisweni "yokusika ukusuka kwiTorzhka". Intombazana ye-Native Katya, idlalwe ngokholo iPetrovna, yoyisa abaphulaphuli ngokulula kunye nokungavuleleki. Ukusukela ngoko, izimemo zoMlawuli zisisigxina.
I-filmografiy ye-goretskaya iphinde yagcwaliswa ngokuthe ngcembe: iminyaka emithathu, le ntombazana isebenza kwi-Choit Crew "Ndineentloni zokuthi", "nakwisidumbu" UMlawuli weBoris Barneta. Indima eqaqambileyo elandelayo iya kwindawo yokholo lwe-mareque ngo-1935.
Kwipeyinti "Uthando kunye nentiyo", egubungele iziganeko ze-1919, iVera Petrovna idlale umdani onamandla kwaye oqaqambileyo, owalela abasetyhini ukuba bangene kwimfazwe nxamnye nabagada abamhlophe. Kule filimu, isihloko sokusekwa komkhosi wamabhinqa omntamo kunye nobunjani, ukuba iMaretska ikwazile ukuveza ngokweenkcukacha. Ukusukela ngoko, le njongo iya kulandelwa ngokucacileyo kwiifilimu zayo.
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ubunyani bexesha lokwenyani banyanzela abaphathi ukuba baphose ifilimu, i-orporer bakwazi "ukuvuselela" iimvakalelo kunye nemifanekiso yabafazi abaqhelekileyo baloo nto Ixesha, ngovuyo lwabo oluthobekileyo kunye nosizi lwabo. Ngokuthandwa ngokukhethekileyo ngababukeli befilimu ethi "Isizukulwana sabaphumeleleyo" kunye "LunguRhulumente". Ngokuhambelana nokudubula kwe-maretskaya kuyaqhubeka nokusebenza kwindawo yemidlalo yeqonga. Italente yakhe yayisanele yonke into.
Ngo-1942, umongo wanikwa ibhaso le-stalinist kwindima ephambili kwiMidlalo "Nidezhda Durov". Ipremiyamu yesibini ye-Stalinin yanikwa ukholo lukaPetrovna ngendima yePraskovy Luyenova kwimovie "ikhusela ilizwe lakhe." Ukongeza kwindima ephambili, i-maretsky kunye neziqendu zazikhuselwe, nangona kunjalo, bakhunjulwa ngabaphulaphuli umdlalo obambeleyo weVera Petrovna - okuyinto nje yomdlali weqonga kuMfanekiso onguMfanekiso ongumfanekiso "womtshato".
I-Drama Mark Dononkoy ebizwa ngokuba "ngutitshala wasemaphandleni" waba yi-maresm yomzobo wokwenene. Le filimu yemfazwe, ixelela malunga nekamva lomfundisi-ntsapho oluthozama, ayizange ishiye abalandeli abanomdla okanye abaphulaphuli.
Umdlali ngokwakhe uyakukhumbula:
"Imeko engaqhelekanga ye-suane kunye ne-poetic sunario ye-Mariarnova inikezele ngezinto ezibalaseleyo zokwenza inyani, ithole, ethambileyo yomfanekiso wakhe wokuzincama, ukulishiya ubume bobomi, enkulu ishishini. "Le ndima ye-Vera Petrovna ikhutshiwe yibhaso le-stalinist. Phakathi kwemisebenzi kamva, umgcini weqonga kufanelekile ukuphawula iindima eziphambili kwifilimu "Umama", "umnxeba wobusuku" kunye "nobomi obulula". Ezi yayiziindima zokugqibela ze-maretsk. Kwixa elizayo, uVera Perovna wakhonza kwi-mossovet yethiyetha, eshiya imeko egula kakhulu.
Ubomi Buqu
Kwenzeka njalo ukuba ubomi bokholo eMaretsky babunxibelelene nomsebenzi wakhe. Umyeni wokuqala wokholo maretskaya Yuri Zavadski waba ngumphathi wokuqala womdlali weqonga, utitshala wakhe osisigxina kunye nenkxaso. Lo mtshato wanika ukholo lweMaretboy unyana ka-Eugene.
Xa inkwenkwe yayineminyaka emine ubudala, usapho oluyindalo lwahlukana, kodwa iVera Perovna iyaqhubeka nokunxibelelana nothando lwakhe lokuqala, ukubona i-Vasadi Mering nenkxaso. Ukukholwa kweSibini kuthanda iPetrovna kwaba ngumphathi weTeorgy weTeorgy.
Kwisicwangciso sobuchule, indoda ayizange iqaqambile, kodwa abantwana bokholo eMaretsk (kulo mtshato, umongo wazala intombi uMaria) wayehlala phantsi kweliso lakhe. Ngelishwa, imfazwe yafaka ubomi bukaBathathu Emnye. Ngo-1943 wasweleka. Emva koko, iVera Petrovna ayisatshati.
Ukufa
Ulahlekelwe yindoda yakhe, umThetho wazinikela ngokupheleleyo ukuba asebenze. Emva kwethuba, le ntokazi yaqalisa ukubandezeleka rhoqo, kodwa kungangxamisekanga ukunxibelelana noogqirha. Oogxantathu, iMaretsk, baye bamnyanzela ukuba enze uvavanyo. Isifo esoyikekayo sasibi: Umhlaza wobuchopho. Ukholo lwePetrovna lwangaphambili lwe-chemotherapy, ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke ukuphuma kwendawo. I-Ofisi ayimi nge-17 ka-Agasti ka-1978.
Unobangela wokufa kokholo eMaretskaya ogqirha baya kuthiwa ngumhlaza, umfazi walwa naye iminyaka eliqela. Ingcwaba lonokholo maretskaya, abekwe kumangcwaba e-Novodevichy eMoscow, usendaweni apho italente italente italente. Intombi yeKholo maria iRoiskaya ikhwela emanyathelweni kanina, ibona isangqa, njenge-vera petrovna, nceda ucele ababukeli bomdlalo kwi-cinema nakwenqanaba.
I-filmography
- Ngo-1925 - "Ukusika kwiTorzhka"
- Ngo-1927 - "Umnxeba wakhe"
- Ngo-1928 - "Indlu Ngombhobho"
- Ngo-1929 - "isidumbu esihlala"
- Ngo-1935 - "Thanda kunye nentiyo"
- Ngo-1936 - Zori Paris
- Ngo-1939 - "Ilungu likaRhulumente"
- Ngo-1941 - "Ishishini leAryamon"
- Ngo-1943 - "Ukhusela i-Uniland"
- Ngo-1944 - "umtshato"
- Ngo-1947 - "utitshala wasemaphandleni"
- Ngo-1955 - "Umama"
- Ngo-1956 - i-Polyshko-intsimi
- Ngo-1964 - "Ubomi obukhanyisiweyo"
- Ngo-1969 - "umnxeba ebusuku"