Biography
I-Uberto Eco Fos Aw Afrika nguMbhali, isithandi-sobulumko, umphengululi kunye notitshala. Uluntu luhlangane no-Eco emva kokukhululwa kwenoveli "yegama" ngo-1980. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yomphandi we-Italiyane ngamaphepha amaninzi, i-Amell, iintsomi, iintamo zentanda-bulumko. I-Uberto Eco Eco ihlelwe kwiDyunivesithi yeRiphabhlikhi yaseSan Marino, iSebe loPhando kwicandelo lemithombo yeendaba. Umbhali wamiselwa uMongameli wesikolo esiphakamileyo sobuntu kwiYunivesithi yaseBlogna. Wayelilungu lemfundo yeSayensi yeLizwe.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Kwidolophu encinci yaseAlstyAndria, kufutshane neTurin, nge-5 kaJanuwari, 1932, u-Aberto Eco Su wazalwa. Ke kwintsapho yakhe andikwazi nokucinga malunga nento enjani yona inkwenkwe encinci. Abazali bakaMeberto babengabantu abaqhelekileyo. Utata wasebenza ngumgaqo-nkqubo, wathatha inxaxheba kwiimfazwe ezininzi. Utata umUrto wenzeka kwintsapho enkulu. I-Eco yayihlala ikhumbula ukuba kwakungekho mali ikhethekileyo kusapho, kodwa ukuxolelwa kwencwadi yayingenamda. Ke ngoko, weza kwiNcwadi iBeches waza waqala ukufunda.
Emva kokuba umninimyova, le ndoda yaya kwelinye iziko kwaye yaqhubeka nokuqhelana nencwadi. Utata ka-Eco wacwangcisa ukunika unyana wakhe imfundo esemthethweni, kodwa umntwana okwishumi elivisayo wachaswa. I-Uberto Emberto Eco waya kwiDyunivesithi yaseTirini ngenxa yokufunda uncwadi kunye nefilosofi yamaXesha Aphakathi. Ngo-1954, umfana wafumana isidanga se-bachelor kwintanda-bulumko. Ngexesha lezifundo zakhe kwiYunivesithi yase-Uberto ephoxekile kwiCawa yamaKatolika, kwaye oku kumkhokelela ekuxelweni.
Uncwadi
Ixesha elide, i-Uberto Eco ifundwe "umbono wokuba mhle", uvakale kwintanda-bulumko yamaxesha ngamaxesha. Iingcinga zenkosi ezichazwe emsebenzini we "Endands ze-Aesthetics", eyabona ukukhanya ngo-1959. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, kwakhululwa umsebenzi omtsha - "Umsebenzi ovulekileyo". I-Uberto ixela ukuba imisebenzi ethile ayigqitywanga ngababhali abanezazela. Ngenxa yoko, ngoku banokutolika ngabafundi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngamaxesha athile, eco waba nomdla kwinkcubeko. Ixesha elide wafunda iifom ezahlukeneyo, esuka "ephezulu" kwaye ephela ngenkcubeko enkulu.
Inzululwazi yafumanisa ukuba kwiPostmodergon, le mida ifihlakele kakhulu. U-Uberto wasikhulisa kakuhle esi sihloko. Kwintsimi yokufunda umbhali, amaphepha-mvume, iikhathuni, iingoma, iifilimu zale mihla zavela, kwavela iinoveli zanamhlanje, kwaza kwavela iinoveli zikaYakobi.
Kwiminyaka eliqela, isithandi-sobulumko sasifunda ngenyameko ukugxekwa koncwadi kunye ne-aesthetics yamaXesha Aphakathi. Iingcamango zakhe ze-Uberto iqokelelene ngomsebenzi omnye, apho iSemiotics ibalaselisa ithiyori yakhe. Inokulandelwa kweminye imibhalo yeNkosi - "unyango lwefilosoti yesibophelelo". Ngezinye izixhobo, umbhali wagxeka ubuhlobo. Indlela yophando yokufunda kwisakhiwo, ngokuka-Eco, ayichanekanga.
Kumaphepha kwisihloko se-semiotics, umphandi wakhuthaza i-Interiyori yeekhowudi. I-Uberto yayikholelwa ukuba kukho iikhowudi ezingathandekiyo, umzekelo, oonobumba beMorse, ubudlelwane phakathi kweDNA neRNA, kwaye kukho ukufihla kolwimi, semioic. Inzululwazi ihambile uluvo lwakhe ngokubhekisele ekuhlaleni. Yayingubani awayeyigqala njengento ebalulekileyo, kwaye hayi kuwo wonke umyinge wemiqondiso kwizinto zokwenyani.
Emva kwexesha, i-Uberto Eco yatsala ingxaki yokutolikwa, lowo umbhali uhlolisisa ngemali kwishumi leminyaka. Kwimigangatho yomfundi ", umphandi wenza umxholo omtsha womfundi ofanelekileyo.
Inkcazo yalo mbhali wegama ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Lo ngumntu okwazi ukuqonda ukuba nayiphi na imveliso inokutolikwa izihlandlo ezininzi. Ekuqaleni kophando, isithandi-sobulumko sase-Italiya sathambekela kwizicwangciso-mpikiswano ngokubanzi kunye nokutolikwa kwehlabathi. Emva kwexesha i-Uberto Eco inomphunga "wembali emfutshane" malunga neendlela ezithile zamava. Ngokutsho kombhali, imisebenzi iyakwazi ukulinganisa umfundi.
Umbhali we-romanov u-uforto eco ngo-14 weminyaka ubudala. Indalo yokuqala ye-eco ebizwa ngokuba yi "Rose Igama". Ifilosofi kunye nokubathandana babutshintsha ubomi bayo: umbhali wafunda umhlaba uphela. Zonke iintshukumo zemveliso ye-novel yenzeka kwimonastery yezamazama.
Emva kweminyaka emithathu, i-Uberto yakhutshwa incwadi encinci "amanqaku kwicandelo" legama le-Rose ". Olu luhlobo lwe "inoveli enabantu abaninzi. Kulo msebenzi, umbhali ubonakalisa ubudlelwane phakathi komfundi, umbhali kunye nencwadi ngokwawo. Iminyaka emihlanu yathatha i-berto eco de ukwenza omnye umsebenzi - i-neveves "i-penducaulges ye-fouliult. Abafundi baqhelene nencwadi ngo-1988. Umbhali wazama ukwenza uhlalutyo olungapheliyo lweengqondi zanamhlanje, ezinokubangela izilo, kubandakanya ama-stascists ngenxa yengqondo yengqondo. Isihloko esinomdla nesingaqhelekanga sencwadi eyenze ukuba ifanelekile, imnandi kuluntu.
Ngokuphathelele "i-fouco pendulum" umbhali uthe:
"Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba ndibhale inoveli emnandi. Ziyimpazamo enzulu, inoveli inyani. "Ngo-1994, idrama esuk 'entliziyweni, ebangela ukuba nemfesane, ikratshi kunye nezinye iimvakalelo ezinzulu kwimiphefumlo yabafundi ziphuma zivela phantsi kwe-theather mberto eco. "Island ku-Eva" sixelela ngomntu oselula obhadula eFrance, e-Itali nase-South Ass. Isenzo senzeka kwinkulungwane ye-Xvisi. Ngokwesiko, ezincwadini zabo, i-Eco ibuza imibuzo ebaluleke kakhulu iminyaka emininzi. Ngamaxesha athile, i-Uberto Eco itshintshele kwimikhombandlela oyithandayo - imbali kunye nefilosofi. Ngendlela enjalo, inoveli ye-adventure "iBaudolino" yabhalwa, ibonakala kwivenkile yeencwadi ngo-2000. Kuyo, umbhali uxela indlela yokuhamba konyana wam i-barbarosis ye-barbarossa.
"Ilangatye elimangalisayo lemali mboleko ye-Tsaritsa" ibala ingxelo ngeqhawe elilahlekelwe yinkumbulo ngenxa yengozi. I-Uberto Eberto igqibe kwelokuba yenze uhlengahlengiso oluncinci kwikamva labathathi-nxaxheba. Ngenxa yoko, owona mlinganiswa akakhumbuli nantoni na malunga nezihlobo nabahlobo, kodwa inkumbulo yokufunda igcinwe. Le veli yibhayiloji yomfundi we-eco. Phakathi kwe-romanov yokugqibela ye-U-ORERTO-"Cemigue Cromement". Ngunyaka nje emva kopapasho e-Itali, le ncwadi yavela ezishelfini zeevenkile zaseRussia. I-Elena Kotosyukovich yaphendula iguqulela uguqulelo lwempapasho.
Umbhali wenoveli avumile ukuba ufuna ukwenza incwadi yokugqibela. Kodwa emva kweminyaka emi-5 iza kwenye - "inombolo ye-zero". Le veli yayiyinto yokugqitywa kwebhayiloji yoncwadi yombhali. Ungalibali ukuba i-iaberto ye-Acociest, umphandi, isithandi-sobulumko. Wajika umsebenzi wakhe obizwa ngokuba "kubuhle kunye nobuhle kwi-Aesthetics ye-Aesthetics." Isithandi-sobulumko siqokelele iimfundiso zobuhle belo xesha, kubandakanya i-thomas ye-aquinsky, i-william okkam, iphinde yenzelwe kwaye yenzelwe isincoko esinye esifutshane. Yabela u-Eco "Khangela ulwimi olufanelekileyo kwinkcubeko yaseYurophu" phakathi kwamaphepha enzululwazi.
I-Uberto Crea ifuna ukwazi ukungaziwa, kusoloko kukhangela impendulo kumbuzo wokuba ubuhle bunjani. Kwixesha ngalinye, ngokomphandi, kukho izisombululo ezitsha kulo msebenzi. Into ebangela umdla, ngexesha elinye inqunyulwe, ngokuchaseneyo malunga nentsingiselo yomxholo. Ngamanye amaxesha izikhundla zibaxamisekile phakathi kwabo. Iingcamango zesayensi zimelwe ngokuqaqambileyo kwincwadi ethi "Imbali yobuhle", epapashwe ngo-2004.
Akukho mfuneko yokuba uyeke ukufunda kuphela icala elifanelekileyo lobomi. Isithandi-sobulumko sibongoza kwinxalenye engathandekiyo, embi. Ukubhala Incwadi ethi "Imbali ye-Ugly" ibambe umbhali. I-Eco yavuma ukuba babhala ngobuhle kwaye babonakalise kakhulu kwaye bahlala, kwaye malunga nobubi- hayi, ngenxa yokuba ngexesha lophando umbhali wenza izinto ezininzi ezinomdla nezonwabisayo. I-Uberto Co ayizange ithathele ingqalelo ubuhle kunye nokungakhathali kunye nee-antipode. Isithandi-sobulumko sathi ezi zikhombisi zinxulumene noko, eyona nto ingenakwenzeka ukuba uqonde.
UJames Bond waphefumlelwa ukuba u-Uberto EUBRTO Eco, ke umbhali unemidla efundele izinto ngesi sihloko. Umbhali wamkelwe njengengcali kwi-standology. Kumanyane ophando, ipapasha isebenza: "I-CWITAR" kunye "nesakhiwo esiseFlomimili". Kuluhlu lwamalungelo obushino oMbhali woncwadi kukho iintsomi. Kumazwe athetha isiNgesi kunye nombhali we-Itali, la mabali athandwa. ERussia, iincwadi zadityaniswa nolunye ushicilelo olubizwa ngokuba "ziintsomi ezintathu".
Kwibhayiloji ye-Uberto Eco Eco kwikho neMisebenzi yokufundisa. Umbhali ufunda eHarvard uqikelelo kubudlelwane obunzima bobomi bokwenyani noncwadi, amaqhawe ezincwadi kunye nombhali.
Ubomi Buqu
I-Uberto Eco yayitshatile nge-rante yaseJamani. Amaqabane atshatile ngoSeptemba 1962.
Umfazi wombhali yingcali kwicandelo leMyuziyam kunye neMfundo yobugcisa. I-ECO kunye neRamp behlise abantwana ababini - unyana nentombi.
Ukufa
NgoFebruwari 19, 2016 Umngcwabe we-CATRO COC. Isithandi-sobulumko sasineminyaka engama-84 ubudala. Umsitho onethambeka wenzeka kwindawo yokuhlala yombhali, eMilan. Unobangela wokufa ngumhlaza wepancreatic.Kwiminyaka emibini, isazinzulu esizabalaza nesi sifo. I-farewell cermon kunye ne-Uberto Eco Acwangciswe eMilan Calla.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1966 - "Ibhombu kunye noMBI"
- Ngo-1966 - "Iinkwenkwezi ezintathu"
- Ngo-1980 - "Igama leRose"
- Ngo-1983 - "amanqaku kwi" rose igama "
- Ngo-1988 - "Fouco pendulum"
- 1992 - "GNomes Gnu"
- Ngo-1994 - "Island ku-Eva"
- 2000 - "i-baudolino"
- Ngo-2004-"Ilangatye elingaqondakaliyo leMfula yeKumkanikazi"
- Ngo-2004 - "Imbali Yobuhle"
- Ngo-2007 - "Imbali yeRadia"
- Ngo-2007 - "Imbali Ebalaseleyo Yempucuko yaseYurophu"
- Ngo-2009 - "Musani ukuba nethemba lokuphelisa iincwadi!"
- Ngo-2010 - "Cemogue Comemate"
- Ngo-2010- "Ndiyakuthembisa ukutshata"
- Ngo-2011 - "Imbali YeXesha Eliphakathi"
- Ngo-2013 - "Imbali ye-PROUROON. Iindawo zeNqaku, uMhlaba kunye neLizwe "
- Ngo-2015 - Inombolo yeZero