Biography
I-Pavel Petrovich ye-bimovich ye-bazhova ithi lo mbhali wayenendawo eyonwabileyo. Iminyaka yobukhulu iphila ubomi obude noboxolo bagcwele iziganeko. Zonke iintsiba ze-coups zezopolitiko zibonwa ngokuzola kwaye kula maxesha anengxaki zikwazi ukufezekisa ukwamkelwa kunye nodumo. Kangangeminyaka emininzi, i-banghov yayizibambile umntu wakhe - wazama ukwenza ibali.
Imisebenzi yayo isathandwa ngabantu abancinci kunye nesizukulwana esidala. Mhlawumbi, bambalwa abantu abangakhange babone i-Soviet Cartoon "yeSilivere yesilivere" okanye ayizange ifunde ingqokelela yamabali "i-CACKIT yebhokisi", equka intyatyambo "yamatye" kunye "negama elibi".
Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Pavel Petrovich u-Bazhov wazalwa nge-15 (27 kwi-stote entsha) ngoJanuwari 1879. Umbhali wexesha elizayo wakhula kwaye wakhulela kwintsapho ephakathi. Utata wakhe uPeter Bazhov (Ekuqaleni ifani yabhalwa ngoonobumba u-"), ukushiya amaqela ocando lwentsimi, wasebenza kwindawo yemigodi kwidolophu ye-SERDLOVSK. Emva kwexesha, i-banghov yafudukela kwilali yePolevskaya. Umzali wombhali wafumana umsebenzi onzima wesonka, kwaye akazange enze ezolimo. Kwakukho umhlaba olimekayo. UPeter wayengumntu osebenza nzima kunye nengcali enqabileyo kwishishini lakhe, kodwa iintloko zendoda azizange zikhalaze, ngenxa yoko le nkqubela indala yatshintsha ayisiyondawo inye.
Inyani yile yokuba intloko yentsapho ithande ukubamba isiselo esishushu kwaye ihlala ihamba. Kodwa hayi lo mkhwa umbi waba sisikhubekiso phakathi kweenkokheli kunye nabaphantsi: Ukudibana kweebhokisi kwakungazi ukuba lulugcina njani ulwimi lwamazinyo, ngenxa yoko kwaye bagxeka i-sluff nothuli. Emva kwexesha, "ukuthetha", othi ngenxa yesi sizathu yayibizwa ngokuba yi-Drill, yabuya, kuba ezo zinto zixabisekileyo zixabisiwe ubunzima begolide. Kuyinyani, igunya lefektri alizange liboleke ngokukhawuleza, i-banghov yayifanele ukuba iphumelele emsebenzini ixesha elide. Ngamaxesha e-ruel, intsapho ye-Bazhov yahlala ngaphandle kwempilo, bayigcinela umvuzo wentloko yentsapho kunye nobugcisa bomfazi wakhe i-Augus Stefanovna (Osintseva).
Umama wombhali wenzeka kubantu basePoland, bakhokelela ekhaya bavusa uPawulos. Ngokuhlwa wayethanda umsebenzi wenaliti: I-lace yayifihlakele, isitokhwe esisebenzayo esivulekileyo kwaye siyenzile ezinye izinto ezincinci. Kodwa ngenxa yalo msebenzi undelekileyo, owawuqhutywa ebumnyameni, lo mfazi wayenombono onamandla onamandla. Ngendlela, ngaphandle komlinganiswa wokuqala kaPetros, wayenolwalamano noNyana wakhe. Umakhulu wayekade esithi uyise ubengangenzi lonke ixesha kwaye uxolela nayiphi na iqhenqa. Kwaye ngo-Agasti, uStefanovna wayenophawu oluthambileyo noluguquguqukayo konke konke, ke ngoko umntwana wakhuliswa eluthandweni nasekuvumelani.
I-Pavel Petrovich u-Bazhov ikhule inesidima neyokubuza. Ngaphambi kokuba afuduke, watyelela iSikolo saseZodto ekutywitheni, sifunda ngokugqibeleleyo. UPawulos wabamba izinto ngokubhabha, nokuba nguRussia okanye imathematics, kwaye yonke imihla awakholisa izalamane ezintlanu kwidayari. I-Bazzov iphindaphindeka ukuba uMbulelo kwi-Pungkin ukwazile ukufumana imfundo enesidima. Umbhali wexesha elizayo uthathe i-tomik yombhali omkhulu waseRussia kwithala leencwadi le-harsh meko: ngoncwadi oluyalela ukuba umfana oselula ukuba afunde yonke imisebenzi ngentliziyo. Kodwa uPawulos wawusingatha nzulu lo msebenzi.
Emva kwexesha, utitshala wesikolo sakhe waxelela umfundi ukuba abe ngumhlobo-umgqirha wezilwanyana njengomntwana onesiphiwo kusapho olusebenzayo, owaziyo ukudalwa kukaAlexandeeeeeevich. Ichukunyiswe ngamadoda aselula enetalente, isebe lanika inkwenkwe itikiti ebomini kwaye lanika imfundo enesidima evela kwintsapho engamahlwempu. UPavel Bazhov uphumelele kwisikolo ngokomoya kwi-Ekterinburg, emva koko wangena kwisemina ye-permia yokomoya. Lo mfana wamenyelwa ukuba aqhubeke efunda kwaye afumane icawa yeSan, nangona kunjalo, umfana wayengafuni kukhonza kwiCawe, kodwa ephupha ngokuncanca ngaphezulu kweencwadi ze-Bench kwi-Bench. Ukongeza, uPavel Petrovich wayengengonqulo, kodwa endaweni yendoda eguqukayo.
Kodwa kwakungekho mali yaneleyo yokuqhubeka kwemfundo. UPeter Bazhov wabulawa sisifo esisibindi, kwakufuneka aneliseke yipenshini ka-Agastis Stefanovna. Ke ngoko, ngaphandle kokufumana idiploma yaseyunivesithi, uPavel Perovich wasebenza njengomfundisi kwiikholeji ze-Yekaternburg naseKamyshhlov, wafundisa abafundi abangamaRoma noncwadi. U-Bazhova wayethanda yonke intetho yabonwa sisipho, wafunda imisebenzi yabantu abahle kunye nomphefumlo. I-Pavel Perovich yayingomnye wabafundisi-ntsapho abanqabileyo abanokwenzakalisa kwanemisi emibini kunye nempu.
Amantombazana asesikolweni abe nohlobo lwesiko: Bayikhuphele izaphetha ze-saticonds ze-saticleds kwi-ribbons yootitshala abazithandayo. I-Pavel Petrovich u-Bazhova akanayo indawo yasimahla kwijakethi, kuba "imiqondiso yomehluko" wayenento enkulu. Kufanelekile ukutsho ukuba uPavel Petrovich uthathe inxaxheba kwiminyhadala yezopolitiko kwaye waqonda i-Okthobha njengento efanelekileyo kwaye ebalulekileyo. Ngokoluvo lwayo, ukudimaza kukaNicholas II ukusuka kwitrone kunye ne-Bool yeBolshevik kufanele ukuba bazinikele ekungalingani kwezentlalo kwaye banike abemi belizwe elizayo.
Kude kube ngo-1917, uPavel Perovich wayelilungu lepati yohlaziyo loluntu, imfazwe yamakhaya yalwa ecaleni kwe-Reds, equkene phantsi komhlaba kwaye iphuhlise isicwangciso sokwakhiwa kweSoviet. Kwakhona, i-banghov yayikwintloko yentloko ye-Buream yemanyano yabasebenzi kunye neOfisi yeMfundo yeSizwe. Emva kwexesha uPavel Petrovich wakhupha iphephandaba, wakhupha iphephandaba. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, umbhali ulungelelanise izikolo kwaye wacela ukuzabalazela ukungafundi. Ngo-1918, inkosi yeLizwi yangena kumbutho wamaKomanisi weSoviet Union.
Uncwadi
Njengoko uyazi, ukuba ngumfundi, uPavel Perovich wayehlala eYekatelinburg nasePerm, apho endaweni yezilwanyana zasendle ezijikeleze oololiwe oqinileyo, kwaye endaweni yamagumbi amancinci kwimigangatho emininzi. Kwizixeko zenkcubeko, ubomi bebetha isitshixo: Abantu baya kwiindawo zemithithwa ngasemva kweetafile zeetafile, kodwa uPawulos wavuma ukuba abuyele kumhlaba wokuzalwa.
Apho wadibana ne-folklore enyukayo: Igama lesidlaliso lasekuhlaleni liviwe ("Ikomityi") -Umlindi weVallily Khmelin - wavuma ukuba axelele iintsomi, oyena mntu uneempawu zentaba , inyoka ye-rolof, inyoka eluhlaza kunye noMakhulu Synjashka.
Utatomkhulu uVasily Alekseevich wachaza ukuba onke amabali akhe asekelwe ebomini kwaye achaze "ubomi bakudala". Lo mahluko phakathi kweentsomi ze-Ural ezivela kwiintsomi, khmelinn gxininisa ngakumbi. I-bastard yasekhaya kunye nabantu abadala azizange ziva iLizwi likaTatomkhulu ngamnye. UPavel Petrovich wayephakathi kwabaphulaphuli, abawisa amabali amangalisayo kaHetlinin ngokungathi sisiponji.
Ixesha elinyanisekileyo kunye nothando lwakhe ngobuqhetseba lwabantu lwaluqalisa ngononophelo: apho iingoma ze-Ural, iintsomi, iintsomi kunye neentsomi ziqokelelwa. Ngo-1931, inkomfa ngeRusklore yabanjwa eMoscow kunye neLeningrad. Ngenxa yentlanganiso, umsebenzi yayikukuFunda uMsebenzi Wezangoku kunye neFama eDityanisiweyo kunye ne-DASH; indyebo yaseProgarian, emva koko kwagqitywa kwe-folklore ye-proliklore kwi-Urals ". Ukukhangela izinto kwakufuneka kwenze imbali yengingqi iVladimir Byokumi, kodwa iSayensi ayifumananga mithombo iyimfuneko.
Ke ngoko, impapasho yayikhokelwa nguBhazhov. I-Pavel Petrovich ye-Peevel Petrovich eqokelele i-folk evela njengombhali, kwaye hayi njengenzululwazi ye-folkloride. U-Bazhov wayeyazi ngokundwendwela, kodwa akazange achithe. Kwakhona inkosi yepeyili enamathele kuMgaqo: amaqhawe wemisebenzi yakhe - abafuduki baseRussia okanye i-Urals (nokuba ezi zinto zichasene nelizwe layo).
Ngo-1936, uPavel Petrovich wapapasha umsebenzi wokuqala onomxholo othi "Girl Azovka". Emva koko, ngo-1939, ingqokelela ye-carket ye-malakic yeza kukusasazwa, nto leyo ngexesha lobomi bombhali iphinde yagcwaliswa kwintsomi entsha yeVasily Khmelin. Kodwa, ngokutyunjwa, kanye u-Bazhov wavuma ukuba akabuyi babhale kwakhona amabali akhe emlonyeni wakhe, kodwa waqambana.
Ubomi Buqu
Kuyaziwa ukuba ixesha elide uPavel Petrovich akazange abandakanyeke kubudlelwane nabafazi. Umbhali akazange ahluthwe amanenekazi athandekayo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye yayingenguye kwaye uDonzhuan: I-Bazzhuan ayizange iqubude kwintloko yakhe ukuba iphindwe kabini ebomini kunye ne-bacheloc body. Kutheni ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-30 u-Bazhov uhlala elilolo, kunzima ukuyichaza. Umbhali wayewuthanda umsebenzi kwaye wayengafuni ukutshiza amanenekazi adlulayo okokugqibela, kwaye akholelwa kuthando olunyanisekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwenzekile: I-skkkklorlor iphakamise isandla kunye nentliziyo yeValentine eneminyaka eli-19 ubudala uAleksandrovna Ivaniskaya, umfundi wangaphambili. Intombazana enzulu nefundileyo yaphendula imvume.
Zahamba kakuhle ukuba umtshato ubomi, zintanda wakhulisa abantwana abane (isixhenxe ezelwe entsatsheni, kodwa ezintathu wafa ubudala usana kwizifo): Olga, Elena, Alexey kunye Ariadna. Abantu ababephila ngexesha lokukhumbula ukuba indlu iba nomsindo kwaye akwenzekanga, ukuze ikhaya le-PAise okanye olunye umahluko. Ukusuka e-Bazhov kwakungakwenzeka ukuva igama leValya okanye i-valentine, kuba i-Pevevel Petrovich ibiza igama lakhe le-swict Umbhali akathandi ukuba emva kwexesha, kodwa ade aye kwintlanganiso, abuyele emgceni, ukuba ebelibale ukuncancisa umfazi oshushu.
UPavel Petrovich kwaye iValentina Aleksandrovna yayihlala ngolonwabo kwaye ixhase omnye komnye. Kodwa, njengako nakuphi na umntu, kubomi bombhali, kwakukho izinto ezingenamda, neentsuku zolwandle. U-Bazhov wanyanzeleka ukuba aphile usindiso olubi - ukufa komntwana. UAlexei oselula wasweleka ngenxa yengozi kumzi-mveliso. Kuyaziwa ukuba uPavel Petrovich, nangona wayexakekile, kodwa wayesoloko enexesha lencoko nabantwana. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ngabantakwabo, utata wayenza njengabantu abadala, wanika ilungelo lokuvota kwaye waphulaphula izimvo zabo.
"Ukwazi ukwazi yonke into malunga nabantu obathandayo kwakuyinto entle kuBawo. Wayesoloko exakekile, kodwa wayenoxolo olungakumbi lokwazi ukukhathazeka, uvuyo nosizi lomntu ngamnye, utshilo uAriarda kule ncwadi. "Ukufa
Kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba ukufa kwePavel Petrovich kwakuyeka ukubhala zaza zaqala ukufunda izifundo, ezamomeleza umoya wabantu ngexesha lemfazwe enkulu.
Umbhali omkhulu wasweleka ebusika ngo-1950. Ingcwaba loMdali ikwiinduli (ephakathi ye-Alley) e Yekaternburg kwi-Ivanovo kumangcwaba.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1924 - "U-Urals"
- Ngo-1926 - "kwiNta yeSoviet";
- Ngo-1937 - "Ukuqulunq 'Ukuya"
- Ngo-1939 - "Green Faink"
- Ngo-1939 - "I-Calakite Castet"
- Ngo-1942 - "ilitye elinesigxina"
- Ngo-1943 - "uthatha amaJamani"
- Ngo-1949 - "Ukude - Vala"