Biography
Lincinane kwihlabathi labantu abangaqhelananga negama lombhali uGansa Kristu kaGansa Kristu. Kwimisebenzi yale nkosi yepeni, imisebenzi eguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezili-150 zehlabathi, hayi isizukulwana esikhulileyo. Phantse onke amakhaya, abazali bafunda abantwana ngaphambi kokulala, ibali le-fairy malunga nenkosazana kwi-Pea, batya kunye nempahla emfutshane, apho imouse izama ukutshata umntu onamava. Okanye abantwana babukele iimovie kunye neekhathuni malunga ne-mermaid okanye malunga nentombazana kaGerdde eyaphuke i-Kai esuka izandla ezibandayo nge-kumkanikazi enekhephu.
Umhlaba ochazwe ngu-Andern uyamangalisa kwaye umhle. Kodwa kunye nomlingo kunye nenqwelomoya ye-fantasday kwintsomi yakhe yefani, kuba umbhali unikezelwe kubo bobabini abantwana nakubantu abadala. Uninzi lwabagxeki luhlanganisana kwinto yokuba phantsi kweqokobhe le-naivey kunye neendlela ezilula zebali, i-anderse intsingiselo enzulu, umsebenzi kabani kukunika umfundi okutya okufunekayo.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-HAS Christian Anderden (upelo oluthetha isiRashiya ezamkelwa ngakumbi ziya kuba zichaneke ngakumbi kune-hanscricture) yazalwa ngo-Epreli 2, i-1805 kwisixeko esithathu ngobukhulu baseDenmark-Odokon. AMALUNGU ABHALISEKILEYO ABALAWULO I-Andersen - unyana ongekho mthethweni we-Danish Kinkosi, kodwa eneneni yayingumbhali wexesha elizayo waza wakhulela kwintsapho engamahlwempu. Utata wakhe, owabizwa ngokuba nguHans, wasebenza neShishini kwaye engazange anciphise iziphelo kunye neziphelo, kwaye umama uAnna Marie AnderDatDatter wasebenza njengelixhego kwaye wayengumfazi omncinci.
Intloko yentsapho yayikholelwa ukuba i-Peedigree yakhe yaqala ngobukroti: umakhulu kumgca kasikithi uxelele igumbi lodidi lwabo lonyango, kodwa ezi ngqikelelo azifumani mngeni. Malunga nezalamane zika-Anderfen uninzi lwamahemuhemu abasavuselela iingqondo zabafundi. Umzekelo, bathi utat'omkhulu wombhali sisikhuseli somsebenzi - edolophini ababethathwa njengeziphatho, kuba wenza amanani abantu abanamaphiko, afana neengelosi.
I-Hans-Deperment yazisa umntwana ngoncwadi. Wayifunda inzala "yobusuku" 1001 ebusuku "- iintsomi zemveli zendabuko. Ke ngoko, qho ngokuhlwa, ii-hans ezincinci zigxunyekwe kumabali omlingo weShahryzada. Kwakhona, utata nonyana wakhe ovunyiweyo ukuba ahambe epakini emotweni kwaye ade atyelele iholo yeqonga, eyenze inkwenkwe engenakuphepheka kwinkwenkwe. Ngo-1816, utata wombhali wasweleka.
Ilizwe lokwenyani laliluvavanyo olunzima, ukhule umntwana onemvakalelo, onovalo nonobuthathaka. Kwimeko enjalo yengqondo, uAndern wayefanele atyhoboze uTumaki, kunye noTumaki, kunye noTitshala, ngenxa yamaxesha anengxaki yokohlwayweni, ngenxa yamashishini aqhelekileyo, ke ngoko umbhali wexesha elizayo wakujonga njengokuhlukunyezwa okunganyamezeli.
Xa uAndersen engazange avume ukuya kwiiklasi, abazali bachaza umfana othile kwisikolo esisisiweyo kubantwana abahluphekayo. Ukufumana imfundo yamabanga aphantsi, uHans waba ngumfundi wokufundisa, emva koko warhoxisa umsila, kwaye kamva wasebenza kumzi-mveliso wecuba.
Ubudlelwane nabantu osebenza nabo kwindibano ye-Andern, ukuyibeka ngobumnene, khange ubambe. Wayesoloko eneentloni ngamahlaya ahlehlela kunye nezihlalo ezinqabileyo zabasebenzi, kwaye kanye phantsi komkhweli ovela kwibhulukhwe yakhe ukuba iqiniseke ukuba inkwenkwe iqinisekile ukuba inkwenkwe iyodwa okanye yintombazana. Kwaye konke kuba ebuntwaneni umbhali unelizwi elincinci kwaye wayedla ngokucula ngexesha lokutshintsha. Lo msitho wenza umbhali wexesha elizayo ekugqibeleni ungene kwiimvakalelo zam. Abahlobo bakho kuphela kwale ndoda yayizidonweni zamaplanga, xa sele eyenziwa nguyise.
Xa uHanssa wayeneminyaka eli-14 ubudala, efuna ubomi obungcono, wafudukela eCopenhagen, owayethathwa ngu "Scandinavian Paris." UAnna Marie wayecinga ukuba i-Andern yayiya kwikomkhulu leDenmark okwethutyana, ngoko ke yamkhulula unyana onothando oshushu ngentliziyo ekhanyayo. UHans wayishiya indlu kaBawo, kuba wayethandaza ukuba adume, wayefuna ukwazi ubugcisa bemidlalo kwaye badlala inqanaba lemidlalo yeqonga kwimveliso yendalo. Kufanelekile ukuthi uHans wayengumfana onempumlo ende kunye nemilenze, apho wafumana igama lesidlaliso elikhubekisayo "IGOMRK" kunye "nomphunga".
Kwakhona, uAndersen wayegculelwa njengombhali wombhali, kuba kwindlu yenkwenkwe kukho iqonga le-toy eline-rag "abahanahanisi." Indoda ekhutheleyo enenkangeleko emnandi idala imvakalelo yedada yegadi, eyathiwa kwi-royal yendawo yasebukhosini evela kwimfesane, hayi ngenxa yokuba enomnini we-ispono. Kwinqanaba lemidlalo yethiyetha elenziwe kwindima yesibini. Kodwa kungekudala kwaqalisa ukugqobhoza, ngokunjalo ke ezo zihlazo ziqwalasele kwaye kuqala kuyo yonke imbongi, zacebisa umfana ukuba agxile kuncwadi.
UJonas Collin, uMlawuli wase-Dennish oye wafumana imali ngexesha lolawulo lukaFrederick Vi, wayengathandi kakhulu le ndoda kwaye waqiniseka ukuba ukumkani uhlawule umbhali oselula.
I-Anderen ifundwe kwizikolo ezidumileyo ze-slagles kunye no-Elsinor (apho wayehleli khona kwidesika enye kunye ne-6) ngenkcitho ye-Ofisi kaNondyebo, nangona wayengazange enze idiploma, uHans akazange oyise idiploma nabo bonke ubomi bakhe wenze iimpazamo ezininzi zopelo kunye neziphumlisi kwileta. Emva kwexesha, umthengisi webali ukhumbule ukuba iminyaka yobudala yayiphupha ngamaphupha asebusuku, kuba umgcini wayehlala egxeka umfana oselula e-sluff nothuli, kwaye akenzanga le nto.
Uncwadi
Ngexesha lobomi bukaHans amaKristu, uAnderzen wabhala imibongo, amabali, iinoveli kunye ne-ballares. Kodwa kubo bonke abafundi, igama lakhe linxulunyaniswa neentsomi-kwisitishi senkonzo yepeni ye-156 imisebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, ii-hans zazingathandi xa wayebizwa ngokuba ngumbhali wabantwana, watsho ukuba ubhalela bobabini amakhwenkwe kunye nabantu abadala. Kwafika inqaku lokuba uAnderen bawiselwe ukuba kwakungekho mntwana ungatshatanga kwilitye lesikhumbuzo, nangona ekuqaleni isikhumbuzo kwakufuneka nabantwana.
UHans wafumana ukwamkelwa kunye nozuko ngo-1829, xa wapapasha ibali le-adventure "i-hesy ihamba kwi-holman ye-holman ukuya kwincam ye-Amagra". Ukususela ngoko, umbhali oselula akazange afudukele kude kwi-Inklell kwaye abhale omnye emva kwenye, kuquka abo bazukisa iintsomi zakhe, ezazisa inkqubo yohlobo oluphezulu. Kuyinyani, iinoveli, iinoveli kunye namanzi amanzi anikwa umbhali kancinane - amaxesha okubhala ngokungathi ibizwa ngokuba yingxaki yokuyila.
Anderden outyikisayo ukuphefumlelwa kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ngokoluvo lwakhe, yonke into ihamba kakuhle kweli lizwe: kunye nentyatyambo yentyatyambo, kunye ne-bug encinci, kunye ne-coin ngemisonto. Ewe, ukuba ukhumbula imisebenzi yoMdali, nkqu nomzimba ngamnye okanye ipodi ye-pea inembali emangalisayo. I-Hans yayisekwe kwi-fantasy yakhe nakwizizathu ze-EPOZI zikazwelonke, enkosi apho wabhala ngayiphi "umlilo", "iSwinewa", "I-Swinewa" i-Swinewa "(1837 ).
I-Anderven yavuma ukuba yenze amashishini athengisayo abakhangela indawo eluntwini. Oku kunokubangelwa kukuzithandela, kunye ne-mermaid, kunye nentshontsho ledada elibi. Amaqhawe anjalo abangela ukuba umbhali uvelwano. Onke amabali e-Andern kwi-crust ukuya kwi-crust ifakwe intsingiselo yefilosofi. Kufanelekile ukukhumbula "impahla entsha yokumkani", apho umlawuli ucela khona abantu ababini abadlulayo ukuba bathumele ingubo enkulu. Nangona kunjalo, ingubo yangaphezulu ibe nzima kwaye inamajoni ngokupheleleyo kwi "ransus engabonakaliyo". UZhuuliki waqinisekisa uMthengi ukuba kuphela zizidenge ezingayi kubona ilaphu elincinci kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, inkosi ichaphazela ibhotwe ngendlela engalindelekanga.
Yena kunye neenkundla zakhe aziqapheli iingubo zakhe ezintsonkothileyo, kodwa boyika ukuzibeka ngezidenge, ukuba bayavuma ukuba umlawuli uhlawula kwinto awazala ngayo umama. Le ntsomi itolikiwe njengomzekeliso, kunye nebinzana "nokumkani sihamba ze!" ifakwe uluhlu lwamagama anamaphiko. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ayizizo zonke iintsomi ze-Andern zingenathamsanqa, hayi kuyo yonke imibhalo-ngqangi yombhali kukho ukwamkelwa kwe "Desexmachina", xa ugcino oluhle lweemeko, longa umlinganiswa ophambili (umzekelo, inkosana yenkosana Ikhephu elinetyhefu), ngokungathi ukuthanda kukaThixo kuvela naphina.
U-Hans sithanda abafundi abadala ngokungabizi i-Utopian World, apho wonke umntu uhlala khona kwaye esonwabile, kwaye, uthumela ijoni le-tin elinganyangekiyo kwindawo evuthayo, egxekela elahweni. Ngo-1840, inkosi yeentsiba izama yena kwinoveli encinci kwaye ipapasha incwadi ethi "Incwadi ethi Imifanekiso ngaphandle kwemifanekiso", ngo-1849 Ubhala inoveli "iincwadi ezimbini". Kwiminyaka emine kamva, incwadi ethi "Mayibe yeyokuphuma", kodwa yonke imizamo yeAnderfen ukuzimisa njengonoveliso.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi bobuqu bomlingisi ongaphumelelanga, kodwa umbhali we-Eminte Anderte yimfihlakalo egqunywe bubumnyama. Kuthetha ukuba kubo bonke ubukho, umbhali omkhulu wahlala engazi ukuba ungazi ngokuhambelana necala labasetyhini okanye amadoda. Sicebiso lokuba umlingane webali omkhulu wayengumfana olithandayo Nangona bekukho abafazi abathathu ebomini bakaHans, umcimbi wawungangenisi, ukuba ungasathethi umtshato.
Inkosi yokuqala ye-Andern yayingudade weqela lesikolo se-ribrore. Kodwa umfana oselula ongafunekiyo akazange abekho ukuba athethe nento yenkanuko yakhe. ULouise Collin - umtshakazi onokubakho wombhali-wema nayiphi na imizamo yokuphatha kunye nokungahoyi ukuhamba kweeleta zothando. Intombazana eneminyaka eli-18 ubudala yamkhetha i-lieersen igqwetha elizisityebi.
Ngo-1846, uHans wathandana nomculi we-opera on on, othi, ngenxa yokukhala, uSoprano wabiza "iSweden Solovy". I-Anderen Karaulil Warauline emva kweziganeko kwaye wanika ubuhle beevesi kunye nezipho zesisa. Kodwa intombazana enomtsalane yayingangxami ukuba iphendule kwimfesane yamabali ngoqeqesho, kwaye ibhekisa kuye njengomzalwana. Xa uAnderyen wafumanisa ukuba imvumi itshatile umqambi weBritane Otto Golshmidt, i-Hanssa ingena kuxinzelelo. Ukubanda kwentliziyo yomfazi yaba yi-prototype yongukumkanikazi wekhephu ukusuka kwigama elifanayo lentsomi.
EThando, uAndern wayengabi nethamsanqa. Ke ngoko, ayimangalisi into yokuba umntu oza kufika eParis watyelela iibhloko zeengqengqelo ezibomvu. Kuyinyani, endaweni yokutshintsha ubusuku, ooHango bathetha nabo, babelana nabo ngelishwa ubomi bakhe ngelishwa, babelana ngobusuku. Xa umntu oqhelekileyo uAndern wamthiya ukuba uyandwendwela izindlu zikarhulumente ngenxa, umbhali wamangaliswa kwaye wajonga umnxibelelanisi ongenakukhathaza.
Kuyaziwa ukuba uAnderen wayengumntu othembekileyo kaCharles Dackens, ababhali abanetalente badibana kwintlanganiso yoncwadi, eyaneliswa yimbonakalo ye-slightton kwi-sloubyton ye-staloss kwi-slightos yayo. Emva kwale ntlanganiso, uHans wabhala kwidayari:
"Saya eVeranda, ndonwabile ukuthetha nam umbhali ophilayo waseNgilani, endibathandayo kakhulu."Emva kweminyaka eli-10, kwafika ibali kwakhona eNgilane laza lafika kwindwendwe engazange ivume kwindlu yaseCickens ukuya kwingozi yosapho. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, uCharles wayeyimisa imbalelwano ne-Andern, kwaye i-dune ngokuqinisekileyo ayizange iqonde ukuba kutheni zonke iileta zakhe zingaphendulwanga.
Ukufa
Ngentwasahlobo ye-1872, uAndern wawa ebhedini, ethabatha kakhulu umhlaba, ngenxa yokuba wafumana ukonzakala okuthile apho angazange akwazi ukululama.
Emva kwexesha, umbhali wafunyanwa ngumhlaza wesibindi. Ngo-Agasti 4, 1875, uHans wasweleka. Umbhali omkhulu uyangcwatyelwa kumangcwaba eCopenhagegegegegen.
I-Bibliography
- I-1829 - "Uhambo ngeenyawo ukusuka kwi-channel holman ukuya eMpuma Kapa Island"
- Ngo-1829 - "Uthando kwinqaba yeNikolava"
- 1834 - "Agneta kunye namanzi"
- Ngo-1835 - "I-Intervizer" (Inguqulelo yaseRussia-ngo-1844)
- I-1837 - "kuphela i-viomelele"
- 1835-1837 - "Iintsomi, zixelele abantwana"
- 1838 - "Ijoni le-Tin elinganyangekiyo"
- 1840 - "Incwadi enemifanekiso ngaphandle kwemifanekiso"
- 1843 - "Nightadale"
- I-1843 - "i-dackling dackling"
- I-1844 - "ukumkanikazi wekhephu"
- I-1845 - "Intombazana enemidlalo"
- 1847 - "isithunzi"
- I-1849 - "I-Baroneles ezimbini"
- 1857 - "Yiba okanye ungabi njalo