Biography
I-Mikhail Vasneevich Frunze-Umzobo woHlelo, iBolshevik, ubunkokeli bomkhosi obomvu, othatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe yamakhaya, i-biorist yendlela yomkhosi.
UMikhail wazalwa nge-21 kaJanuwari (phantsi kwe-ART.) Ngo-1885 kwiSixeko sasePishpec (Bishkek) kusapho lwe-piddcilovich bingilovich runze, iMoldavanina nguBinzali. Utata wenkwenkwe emva kokuphela kwesikolo seMoscow kaMoskow wathunyelwa ngenxa yenkonzo yomkhosi kwi-turkestan, apho wahlala khona. Umama kaMisikail, e-Efimovna Bochkarev, kwimvelaphi yemvelaphi, wazalelwa kwiPhondo laseVoronezh. Intsapho yakhe embindini wenkulungwane ye-19 yafudukela eTurkmenistan.
UMikhail wayenomntakwabo Onstantin kunye noodadewantathu abancinci - uLyuudmila, uClaudia noLydia. Bonke abantwana bafunda kwindawo yokuzivocavoca ethembekileyo (ngoku isixeko saseAlmaty). I-Konstantin enkulu I-Konstantin, i-mikhail kunye ne-claudia emva kokuphela kwe-mesm yegolide efunyenweyo. I-mikhail iqhubekile nezifundo zakhe kwi-st. Petersburg polytechnin yeziko, apho wangena khona ngo-1904. Sele kwisemester yokuqala, waba nomdla kwimibono yotshintsho kwaye wangena kwiqela ledemokhrasi lezentlalontle, apho wangena khona i-bolsheviks.
NgoNovemba 1904, uFraze wabanjwa ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwiphulo lokuvuselela. Ngexesha lokubonakaliswa nge-9 kaJanuwari, ngo-1905 eSt. Petersburg, wenzakala esandleni sakhe. Ukuphosa izifundo zakhe, uMikhail Grunzeleke wabaleka kwintshutshiso yabasemagunyeni eMoscow, emva koko, apho wayesiya apho wayenendawo yokubetha ngoMeyi ngoMeyi ongowamasengo ongowamasengo ongowonyaka. Ndikunye noVladimir Lenin runzer runzele wadibana ngo-1906, xa wayefihla eStockholm. UMikhail kwakufuneka afihle igama langoku ngexesha lentlangano engaphantsi komhlaba kwi-Ivanovo-Volznenensensen. Amaqela amancinci ayesaziwa phantsi kweepsuundesms ze-arseny, eTrifonch, Mikhailov, Vasilenko.
Ngaphantsi kobunkokeli be-runzele, iBhunga lokuqala labasebenzi labasebenzi ladalwa, nto leyo eyayisenziwa ngokusasazwa kwamagqabi anamagqabi omxholo we-anti -or. I-rapute yentloko ye-edolo zasendle kwaye yenza ukubanjwa kwezixhobo. UMikhail wayengoyiki ukusebenzisa iindlela zokulwa nzima.
Inguqu eselula yema entlokweni yecusi evuthayo eMoscow kwiflethi, eyenze ukubanjwa kwendlu ye-Shuisian ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ihlaselwe i-Nikita ye-Nikita kwigosa lamapolisa ukuze libulale. Ngo-1910, wafumana isigwebo sentambo, eyayisicelo sokuba abameli boluntu, kunye nombhali v.g. I-Korolenko yathathelwa indawo yi-katoroga.
Kwiminyaka emine kamva, wathunyelwa kwindawo esisigxina yokuhlala kwilali yeMatukerka yaseMatukerka, ukusuka apho ngo-1915 wasaba khona kwi-Cheat. Ngaphantsi kwegama lokugqibela vasilenkdo lisebenze kangangexesha elithile kupapasho lwasekhaya "uphononongo lwe-transbaikal". Ngokutshintsha ipasipoti egameni le-mingailov, apho wafudukela e-Daloussia, apho wazivalela khona kwiKomiti yeKomiti ye-ZEMSTVO Union kwiNtshona.
Injongo yokuhlala kukaFraulze eMkhosi yaseRussia yayisasazeke kwimibono yoguquko phakathi komkhosi. E-Minsk, i-mikhail vasneevich yentloko ephantsi kweseli engaphantsi komhlaba. Ixesha elingaphezulu, udumo lwengcali yedwa kwizabelo zeMikhosi yenziwa phakathi kwe-bolsheviks yeFranze.
Uhlaziyo
Ekuqaleni kuka-Matshi 1917, uMikhail Frweze walungiselela ukubanjwa kweSebe lamaPolisa elixhobileyo leMilsk ngamaqela abasebenzi abaqhelekileyo. Oovimba besebe elingenamsebenzi, izixhobo kunye necandelo lemibhobho, iiarhente ezininzi zikarhulumente zawa ezandleni zehlanyeneyo. Emva kwempumelelo yokusebenza, i-mikhail runke inyule inkosi yethutyana ye-Mink Mirtia. Ngaphantsi kobunkokeli buka-runzele, ukukhululwa kwamaphephandaba eendaba zeqela kwaqala. Ngo-Agasti, umkhosi watshintshelwa ukuze ubone apho kuqhutywa khona isithuba sikasihlalo weBhunga loRhulumente, urhulumente weZokaya urhulumente weZokaya kunye neBhunga leSixeko.
I-Mikhail Drunzeletion ihlangane eMoscow kwizithintelo kufutshane nehotele yeMetropol. Emva kweenyanga ezimbini, impikiso yayisisithuba sentloko yeseli yeqela le-Ivanovo-voznenskaya. Ukuzibandakanya kwi-frinza kunye nemicimbi yomkhosi weqela lesikolo. Imfazwe yamakhaya yavunyelwa uMikhail Vankeil Vantuneevich ukuba abonakalise ubuchule basemkhosini owufumene ngexesha lemisebenzi yoguquko.
Ukususela ngoFebruwari 1919, qatha i-friend yokuyalela umkhosi wama-4 omkhosi obomvu, owaziyo ukuyeka ukukhubekisa iKoschak ukuya eMoscow kunye nokuqalisa amabala. Emva koloyiso olubalulekileyo lomkhosi obomvu, rhabaza wafumana iodolo yebhendi ebomvu.
Rhoqo, jikelele lunokubonakala kwihashe entlokweni yomkhosi, owamvumela ukuba enze igama eliqinisekileyo kwindawo ebomvu. NgoJuni ngo-1919, u-ruzeze wafumana impikiswano phantsi kwe-UFA. NgoJulayi, uMikhail Vasneevich we-East engaphambili, kodwa ngenyanga wafumana umsebenzi kwicala elingasezantsi, indawo yakhe eyayiquka yi-turkestan kunye nomda we-Akhstan kunye nendawo yaseAkhtuba. Kude kuphele ngoSeptemba 1920, frize waqhuba imisebenzi ephumeleleyo kumgca wangaphambili.
I-frion ephindaphindiweyo inika isiqinisekiso sokugcina ubomi balowo uguquko lwalo lwalulungele ukuqhubela kwicala lebomvu. I-mikhail vladimirovich inegalelo kwisimo sengqondo sokumanyanisa kwibanjwa, esabangela ukungoneliseki nezikhundla eziphezulu.
Ukuwa kuka-1920, i-good ibomvu ebomvu emkhosini wesothungqwa, eyayikuPrista naseMantla eTavria. Emva kolondolozo lwezinto ezimhlophe rungze zahlasela abahlobo bangaphambili - i-Brigade yaseBatki Makhno, Yuri Tyutunnik noSimon Pentuura. Ngexesha lokulwa kolwaphulo-mthetho, ukonakala kwenzekileyo. Ngo-1921 wangena kwikomiti ephakathi ye-RCP (b). Ekupheleni kuka-1921, uFrazeze waya notyelelo lwezopolitiko eTurkey. Unxibelelwano lweSoviet Generater ngenkokeli yaseTurkey Cantafa Kalisim Aturk ivunyelwe ukomeleza unxibelelwano lwe-Turkish-Soviet.
Emva kohlaziyo
Ngo-1923, kwi-Okchabrsky Plenum yeKomiti ePhakathi, apho ukuhanjiswa kweenkokheli ze-trotsky kunye ne-stalin, i-binovin, i-binoviev kunye ne-kamenev, i-binzane ixhase le ngxelo kwimisebenzi kaTrotsky. UMisikail Vasneevich watyhola i-Intsshar yeMicimbi yasemkhosini ekuweni komkhosi obomvu kunye nokungabikho kwenkqubo ecacileyo yabasebenzi. Elinyathelo le-runze evela kumanqanaba aphakamileyo emkhosini, amaTrockkyists eAntonov-ovseenko no sklyonsky basuswa. Ilayini efrijiweyo ixhaswe yintloko yabasebenzi abaqhelekileyo kwiRiphabhlikhi ye-Repal Thanhachevsky.
Ngo-1924, uMikhail rumleze wadlula ngendlela esuka kwiNtloko yeNtloko, ukuya kuSokugqibela e-USSR Revoiauit kunye neMicimbi yomkhosi naseMaritim, waba ngumgqatswa wamalungu ekomiti yekomiti ephakathi kunye nokucwangciswa kwekomiti yekomiti ephambili I-RCP (b). UMichael rungze wakhokelela kwikomkhulu leMkhosi ebomvu kunye ne-RCA Mkhosi.
Eyona nto iphambili ekufuneka kwenziwe ngamaxesha ngeli xesha inokuqwalaselwa ukuba ibe yinguqulelo yomkhosi, injongo eyayiza kunciphisa inani lomkhosi obomvu, eqhuba ukwenziwa ngokuhlengahlengiswa komyalelo. U-ruzeze wazisa ubuchwephesha, inkqubo yokwahlulahlula imikhosi, ithathe inxaxheba kwimikhosi emibini engazimeleyo ngaphakathi komkhosi waseSoviet - imikhosi engapheliyo kunye nezahlulo ezisisiseko seMilita.
Ngeli xesha, rhatyaza intetho yomkhosi, eyacaciswanga kwiqela leempapasho - "imfundiso yasemkhosini" kunye nomkhosi obomvu "," umfundi wezopolitiko wezopolitiko "," ngaphambili nangasemva kweMfazwe yekamva " "ULeni noMkhosi oBomvu", "ukwakhiwa kwemikhosi kunye nemisebenzi yoluntu lwenzululwazi."
Ngeli xesha leshumi elilandelayo, lokufika kunye netanki kunye ne-Artallery eNtsha kunye nezixhobo ezizenzekelayo zavela, iindlela ezizenzekelayo zaphuhliswa, iindlela ezizenzekelayo zaphuhliswa. I-Mikhail Vasneevich ikwazile ukuzinzisa imeko kwimo ebomvu ngexesha elifutshane. Uphuhliso lwe-theoretical lwamaqhinga kunye nezicwangciso zokulwa kwimiba yemfazwe yama-impiriya, ibekwe phantsi nge-rapple, yasetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwiMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi.
Ubomi Buqu
Akukho nto eyaziwayo malunga nobomi bobuqu beseva yemfazwe ebomvu ngaphambi kohlaziyo. UMikhail Frnze futsha emva kweminyaka engama-30 kwiintombi zikaSophier Alekseevna Popova. Ngeminyaka yee-1920, intombi kaTatyana yazalelwa usapho, emva kweminyaka emithathu - unyana kaTire. Emva kokubhubha kwabazali babazali, umakhulu wamthabatha wakhuliswa. Xa ootadam bengazange babe ngabathi bobabini, uMzalwan 'udade wangena kwintsapho yaseMikhail Vankel VASMINEVICK-KILODOVV.
Emva kokuphumelela esikolweni, uTimour wabhalisa kwisikolo seenqwelomoya, ngexesha lemfazwe wayekhonza njengomlo oPilot. Wasweleka eneminyaka eli-19 eSkoko ngaphezulu kwengingqi yeNovgoroD. Ngelinye i-post yezihloko zeqhawe leSoviet Union. Intombi kaTatyana yaphumelela kwi-Instit yeTekhnoloji yeKhemikhali, ngexesha lemfazwe wayesebenza ngasemva. Watshata u-Air-jikelele u-Anatoly e-Anatore, apho abantwana ababini bazala unyana wexesha nentombi yase-Elena. Inzala kaMikhail Frunzele ihlala eMoscow. Umzukulwana ubandakanyeka kwi-chemistry.
Ukufa kunye namarhe malunga nokubulala
Ukuwa kuka-1925, uMikhail rurze waguqukela koogqirha malunga nonyango lwezilonda zesisu. Jikelele wanyulwa utyando olulula, emva kwe-31 kaOkthobha, uFurnoze wasweleka ngequbuliso. Unobangela waseburhulumenteni wokufa ngokubanzi yayikukusulela igazi, ngokutsho kohlobo olungekho semthethweni - ukusweleka kwe-ruzeze igalelo kwi-stalin.
Kunyaka kamva, i-mikhail vasnemevich umfazi ka-Wasnemevich wazibulala. Umzimba obomvu ungcwatyelwe kwisikwere esibomvu, iSophia Alekseevna ibekwe kumangcwaba eNovodevichy eMoscow.
Imemori
Inguqulelo yokusweleka ye-sunze yathatyathwa njengesiseko somsebenzi we-Pilnyak "inyanga ebalaseleyo" kunye neMemorov yeenkumbulo ezifudumeleyo ze-stalin ". I-biography yebhayiloji yayinomdla kungekuphela nje ngababhali, kodwa nakwiSoviet kunye neMilinini yeFowuni. Umfanekiso wemifanekiso enesibindi somkhosi obomvu wasetyenziswa kwiifilimu ezingama-24, nge-11 ka-runze wadlala i-AcRun Zhanovich Khomyatov.
Igama lomphathi-mali libizwa ngokuba zizitrato, iindawo zokuhlala, izinto, iinqanawa, iinqanawa, zatshabalalisa abatshabalalisi kunye nabakhweli. Izikhumbuzo mikhail runze ifakwe ngaphezulu kwezixeko ezingaphezulu kwezi-20 zeSoviet Union, kubandakanya eMoscow, i-bishkek, i-ivanovo, tashkent, eKiev. Ifoto ye-Rokka ngokubanzi iyo zonke iincwadi ezibhaliweyo kwibali elitsha.
Amabhaso
- Ngo-1919 -Umyalelo webhendi ebomvu
- Ngo-1920 - Isixhobo soMyalelo oHloniphekileyo