Biography
IPrince Novgorod kunye neKievsky Svyatoslav Igorevich I-Russian State ukusuka kwi-944 ukuya kwi-972 iminyaka. Umlawuli uyaziwa ngephulo layo lomkhosi kunye noloyiso kwi-Bultgaria State kunye ne-Byzantium.
Ukuphela konyana kuphela kaPrince Igor noPrincess Olga waba nguScorsatoslav. Owona mhla wokuzalwa komlawuli ozayo akasaziwa. Ngokutsho koluhlu lwe-iPatriev, i-Svyatoslav igorevich yazalwa nge-942 (kwimithombo yeminyaka engama-940). Ingxelo yomsitho ingekho kuluhlu lweLavfestieV. Oku kubangela ukuba imiba emininzi kwindawo yophando, kuba ulwazi luchasene. Kwimithombo yoncwadi, i-920 exeliweyo, kodwa ababhali-mbali baqonda le nto, kwaye bengeyonyani.
Ukuphakanyiswa konyana wasentloko wabelwa amagxa e-VARYAG ASMUD, owenza ugxile kwizakhono ezisisiseko. U-Scoursatoslav wafumana ulwazi oluza ephethe iphulo lomkhosi: ubugcisa bokulwa, ulawulo lwamahashe, ukubhukuda, imaski yokubhukuda. Kwikomkhulu, omnye umcebisi waphendulwa-iVoivod Svenelldld. Idatha yokuqala eScovsatoslav, ukubona ukuba yeyiphi kwisivumelwano saseRussia sasePrince Igor, saqala ukuvela ngo-944. Emva konyaka, inkosana iyafa.
Ukufa komlawuli kwakhokelela ekunyakeni kweendlela malunga nokubiza kakhulu uDani. Kuba i-Scoreslav Igorevich isengumntwana, iBrazids yeBhodi ishukumisela uMama - inkosazana ye-olga. Kunyaka emva kokubulawa kwendoda yakhe, uOlga uya kwilizwe lakwaDrevyana. Njengoko kufuneka kukhokelwe yiNtloko yoMbuso, i-Scoursatoslav eneminyaka emi-4 iqala imfazwe kunye neqela likayise. Umlawuli oselula uphumelele umlo. Inkosazana yathobela iRazilin. Ukuze iintlekele ezinjalo azikho kwixesha elizayo, iRegent isebenzisa inkqubo entsha karhulumente.
Kwi-Kisfley ithi kwi-Syatoslav yasebuntwaneni iIorevich ayizange ihlukane nonina kwaye ihlala ihleli eKiev. Izazinzulu zifumene ubungqina bokungathembeki kwesi sigwebo. I-Byzantine Emperor Konstantin BagryAnoe bathetha oku kulandelayo:
"I-monoxilles ivela kwiRussia yangaphandle eCortantinople inye yeNemogard, apho uSfendoslav wayehleli, unyana kaIsora, odumileyo uRosia."Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba i-suvysatoslav ifudukele kwiNovgorod ngesicelo sikatata. Kwakuyi-Kronike ukukhankanywa ngokundwendwela i-olga ukuya eConstantinople. Kwangelo xesha, ikamva lenkosi lithini, ngaphandle kokubiza isihloko seSyvyatoslav Igorevich.
Ukuqala kweBhodi
Kwi "Tale yeminyaka eseleyo" kuthiwa yi-Sysatoslav igoardvich yokuqala ye-964. Eyona njongo iphambili yomlawuli yayikukuzibhokoxa kwe-Khazar Kaganat. Inkosana ayiphazanyiswa nguVyatichi, owadibana nayo apha endleleni. Ukuhlaselwa eKhazar Wowele kunyaka kamva-ngo-965. Kwicrauniccle, oku kulandelayo kuthiwa:
"Ehlotyeni 6473 (965), uScourtoslav waya eKhazar. Ukuva, amaKhazars eze kumkhawulela ngeprince yakhe kaKagan kwaye edidekile, kwaye ayoyisile uSydatoslav Khazar emfazweni, kwaye u-hare kunye ne-visey emhlophe yathatha. Kwaye iphumelele icasovov. "Okubangela umdla kukuba, umntu owayephila ngexesha le-SCysatoslav unika iziganeko kwesinye isitshixo. Ibn-hausali yaxoxwa ukuba inkosi yajongana neKhazari kamva kwi-Annals.
Elona qhinga lasemkhosini liphindaphindiweyo ngokuchasene ne-volga, kodwa akukho lwazi lulu hlobo kwimithombo esemthethweni. Yile nto i-Ibn Hahulal yatsho:
I-bulgar-Isixeko sincinci, azikho izithili ezininzi kuyo, kwaye zazisaziwa ngenxa yokuba wayeyinto yokuba wayeyinto yokuba wayeyinto yokuba wayeyinto yokuba wayenezibuko laseKhayaran, eSandandar, no-Itil no-358 (968/969) kwaye wahamba ngokukhawuleza emva kwelizwe rum noAsalus ... ka-Al-khazar - ebizwa ngokuba nguSamdar, kwaye ukwi-bab al-havab, Kwaye kukho imiyezo emininzi kuyo ... kodwa bafika, bengashiywanga kwifama yedolophu, akukho rainins.Ngo-965, i-Svyatoslav igorevich ifike kwi-sarkel kwi-don. Iimfazwe ezininzi zifuna ukoyisa lo mzi. Kodwa umlawuli wawubhiyozela ukubhiyozela ixesha elide, kuba i-Italee yabonakala kwindlela - isixeko esikhulu saseKezar Kaganat. UMNYANGO WENZE NINYE INDAWO YOKUHLAZIYA - I-SEEEX. Esi sixeko sizukileyo sikwiindawo zolwandle lwaseCaspian.
Khazar Kaganat wawa phambi kweNayu Tuary Syvtossav, kodwa oku kwakungonelanga kumlawuli. Inkosana izame ukuphumelela kwaye idibanise la mazwe emva kwakhe. Kungekudala uSarkel waphinda wabiza igama elimhlophe. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, kwiminyaka enye, iKiev ifumene i-tmutarakan. Kukholelwa ukuba amandla amiselwe de kuqale i-980s.
Kwezopolitiko zasekhaya
Umgaqo-nkqubo wangaphakathi we-suvyatoslav igorevich wayesebenza. Phambi kwakhe, umlawuli wamisela usukelo lwamagunya ngokutsala abantu basemkhosini. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo awuzange utyhele inkosana eselula, ngenxa yoko kwakungekho lutshintsho lukhethekileyo kwimisebenzi yangaphakathi yoRhulumente kwiminyaka yeBhodi ye-SCRSAtoslav.
Ngaphandle koxinzelelo lwemicimbi yangaphakathi yaseRussia, i-Svyatoslav igorevich yazisa uhlengahlengiso oluthile. Ngokukodwa, yenze inkqubo entsha yokuqokelela irhafu kunye nokungenisa. Kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe lakudala laseRussia, iindawo ezizodwa zaye zacwangciswa - amabanga. Apha baqokelela imali kwabemi. I-Svyatoslav Igorevich yakwazi ukoyisa iVyatichi, evukelayo noMlawuli. Ngexesha lephulo, inkosana yayilawulwa ngabantu abanxunguphalo. Ngenxa yoku, indyebo yaqala ukugcwalisa kwakhona. Ngaphandle komsebenzi kweli ndlela, inkosazana ye-Elga yathatha uninzi lweenkxalabo.
Ubulumko boReryeri omkhulu buyangqinelana emva kokuzalwa koonyana. I-SyvAtoslav igorevich yayiyimfuneko yokubeka ezitroneni kwizixeko ezahlukeneyo ezithembekileyo nabazinikeleyo. EKiev, imithetho yaropolk, eNovgorod - Vladimir, uOledi waba sisikhulu seFrevlysky.
Umgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle
Umgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle uye waba ngumnqweno wenkosana encinci. Kwiakhawunti yakhe iimfazwe ezininzi ezinkulu-kunye nobukumkani baseBulgaria kunye ne-Byzantium. Iinguqulelo ezininzi kwimbali zineziganeko ezibalulekileyo zeRussia. Ababhali-mbali bamiswa kwiiyantlukwano ezimbini kumlo ochasene nobukumkani baseBulgaria. Uluvo lokuqala lwawokuba konke kwaqala imbambano phakathi kwe-Borzantia nobukumkani baseBulgaria. Kule meko, umphathi we-Byzantine wafaka isicelo soncedo kwi-Sysatoslav Igorevich. Yayingamagorha akhe kwakufuneka ahlasele i-bulgaria.
Imbono yesibini ilele kwinto yokuba i-Byzantium izame ukonakalisa iNkosana yeKiev, njengoko umlawuli ekwazi ukoyisa umhlaba wabo. Kwaye kwimo ye-Byzantine kwakungekho luxolo lwengqondo: I-Ambassandor eyafikayo eScovtoslav yagqiba kwelokuba icwangcise iyelenqe ngoMlawuli wakhe. Ugwebe iNkosana yaseRussia, wathembisa ukuba i-Bulgaria iLizwe kunye neMizimba yoBuncwane be-Byzantium.
Ukuhlaselwa kweBulgaria kwenzeka kwi-968. I-SCysatoslav igorevich ikwazile ukoyisa abachasi kwaye woyisa i-pereyaslavl, enomlomo weDanube. Ubudlelwane kunye ne-Byzantine State baqala ukonakala ngokuthe ngcembe. Kwakuloo nyaka, kudlwengulwa kwe-pechenegs kwenziwa eKiev, ngoko ke inkosana kwafuneka ibuyele kwikomkhulu laseRussia ukuba libuyele kwikomkhulu. Ngo-969, iPrincess Olga isweleke, eyayibandakanyeka kumgaqo-nkqubo wangaphakathi kaRhulumente. Oku kutyhilelwe i-Scoreslav Igorevich ukutsala abantwana kwiBhodi. INkosana ayifuni kuhlala kwikomkhulu:
"Asikuko mntu ukuba ahlale eKiev, ndifuna ukuhlala eDereyaslavs kwi-Danpun, kuba zonke izibonelelo zityalwa phaya, kwigolide yamaGrike, igolide, iinyibiba, ziqhamo ezahlukeneyo; kwiRiphabliki yaseCzech nakwi-Hungary, amahashe; Ukusuka eRussia naseWax, sithandwa kunye namakhoboka.Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ngurhulumente waseByzantine ocwangcise iRaid kwiBulgaria, le yokugqibela yacela uncedo ekulweni i-scovsatoslav kubo. Umlawuli wacinga ixesha elide, indlela owenza ngayo, kodwa ke wagqiba kwelokuba owomeleze urhulumente wakhe ngomtshato onobuqhophololo. Ekupheleni kwe-969, uMongami uswelekile, kwaye uYohane uZimischi wenyukela etroneni. Akazange avumele unyana waseBulgaria kunye nentombi yaseByzantine.
Ukuqonda ukuba i-Byzantium ayisasebenzi, abasemagunyeni beLizwe laseBulgaria bagqiba kwelokuba bagqibe kwelokuba bangenelele ngesivumelwano ne-Svyatoslav Igorevich. Ngokudibeneyo abaphathi bahamba ngokuchasene ne-Byzantium. Imfazwe yasemkhosini phakathi koBukhosi nelaseRussia State. Ngokuthe ngcembe, amajoni akhupha kwiinqaba. Ngo-970, ukuhlaselwa kwe-Byzantium kwakusenzeka. Kwicala likaScourtoslav abaziiBulgaria, amaHungariens kunye nePechenegs. Ngaphandle kwezibonelelo ezinkulu kwinani lomkhosi, kwimfazwe ngokubanzi, iPrince Svyatoslav Igorevich yatyumzwa.
Kunyaka kamva, imikhosi ibuyise amandla kwaye iphinde yaqalisa ukwenza uhlaselo kwimo ye-Byzantine. Ke kaloku ndabaleka ndaya edabini labaphathi. Kwakhona abalingane baseByzantium baphumelele ngakumbi. Babamba inkosi yaseBulgaria yambathwa yaza yasondela eScovyatoslav. Kwenye yeemfazwe zenkosana. Emva koko, umlawuli waseBytsantine kunye nomlawuli waseRussia bahlala phantsi kwitafile yothethathethwano. I-Svyatoslav Igorevich ishiya i-bulgaria, kodwa ibuyisela ubudlelwane borhwebo ne-Byzantium. Ngoku impuma yeBulgaria ithobela uMlawuli. Iindawo zaseNtshona ziye zafumana inkululeko.
Ubomi Buqu
Uhambo lwasemkhosini lwalungeyona njongo iphambili ye-Svyatoslav Igorevich. Ubomi bobuqu buqu baphumelela. Umlawuli waba nguyise woonyana abathathu - uYaropolk, no-Olegi neVladimir. Kumagxa oonyana abancinci bekukho inkxalabo yomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphakathi kaRhulumente, ngelixa uBawo ephumelele imimandla emitsha.
Kumaxwebhu asemthethweni elo xesha akukho ngcaciso malunga nomfazi wakhe owazala oonyana abathathu abaphezulu. Yaziwa ngoMama Vladimir. Eli bhinqa alizange litshatise inkosana, kodwa yayilishweshwe.
Ukufa nenkumbulo
I-Svyatoslav Igorevich's Biography iqhekezwe ngoMatshi 972. Inkosana ayikwazi ukuhlala emlonyeni we-dnier. Ekunye nomkhosi, umlawuli wazama ukutshintshwa ngokulalela kwi-pechenegs. Yayiyimpazamo enkulu, kuba abaqaqambileyo ababuthathaka bawa ezandleni zabakwaNomads. I-Pechenegs yobuqhetseba ngobuthixo noScorsatoslav:
"Wahlasela ukutshaya, iNkosana Pechenezhskey; Ke uSyvyAtoslav wabulala, walinqumla intloko, wahamba isitya sekhetshu, ehamba isitya, emva kokusela kuyo.
Ngexesha lolawulo, inkosana yandisa umhlaba waza wafumana igama lesidlaliso. I-Syvysatoslav ibizwa ngokuba ziimbekiselo zembali. Inkumbulo ye-Svyatoslav igorevich iqhubeka iqhubeka. Umfanekiso wePrince-iqhawe lasetyenziswa kuncwadi lobugcisa, ubugcisa. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, isikhumbuzo sokuqala 'i-scoursatoslav kwindlela eya kuKeng Grad ". Imifanekiso eqingqiweyo ikwi-kiev kunye nemimandla yaseUkraine.
Ifoto engaqhelekanga iyafumaneka kwi-Intanethi. Iinkosi ngokwenkcazo yabantu ababephila ngexesha lenkosana yenza umzobo: Indoda yasebudeni, itshatileyo, amehlo eblue, amabele aqinileyo, amabele aqinileyo.