Biography
UAlexander Soukiurov-UMlawuli, uMbhali, Astor, Matcher of Rinema kunye noRhulumente. Igama lalomntu onetalente ngesigqibo se-European Ifilimu ibandakanyiwe kuluhlu loMlawuli we-cinema wehlabathi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UAlexander Nikolaevich wazalwa nge-14 kaJuni, 1951 kwingingqi yaseIrkutsk, kwilali encinci yasePodorvikh. Kodwa ngoku le ndawo yesityalo, apho umhlaba wawusityebi kwiitapile kunye nemifuno, engafumanekanga kwimephu yaseRussia, kuba ngo-1956 ilali kunye nesikhululo senziwe i-Irkutsvoir.
I-Soukiurov yakhula yaza yavela kwintsapho yaseFrontopek. UPhezulu uMlawuli-umthathi-nxaxheba kwimfazwe kaPupope - othathe inxaxheba kwimfazwe ye-lute, eqatshelwe kwibala lellows ngemfuyo yakhe. Ngenxa yokuba uTaxander Nikolayevich wayeyindoda yasemkhosini, usapho lwaseSokurov luhlala luhamba kwiindawo ngeendawo. Ke ngoko, umlinganiso we-cinema wexesha elizayo waqala ukuqonda idiploma kwiRiphabhlikhi yaBantu ePoland, kwaye wafumana isatifikethi semfundo yesibini kwi-Turkmenistan yelanga.
Emva kokuphumelela esikolweni, lo mfana uqhubekile nemfundo, ngo-1968 akhethe eyunivesithi yaseGorky State, eyayiseNizhny novgorod. USokurov waba ngumfundi wembali yembali, kwaye ngo-1974 wafumana idiploma. Mhlawumbi uAlexander Nikolaevich uya kuba ngutitshala omkhulu ngokuxelela umgaqo-nkqubo ka-Ivan ombi, malunga nesicwangciso-qhinga emnyama kwi-NICOGYI, nangona i-STALIN kunye nezinye izinto zenza uhlengahlengiso lwayo.
UAlexander wagqiba kwelokuba anxibelelane nobomi ngemovie, kunjalo ngo-1975 wangena vgik. Apho, umfana waqalisa ukuya kwiworkshop yophando yomlawuli kunye neefilimu ezithandwayo phantsi kobunkokeli baseAlexander Mikhailovich Zuridi, apho wadibana khona noYuri AribraI.
USokurov wayengumfundi onobuchule, onwabile ngabazali abahlanu kwincwadi yetyala, awayinikwa i-Serbiigod Schoui Eiasenstein. Italente engathandekiyo kunye ne-producition yanceda uAlexander Nikolayevich ukuba aphumelele iimviwo ngaphandle kwaye aphumelele kwi-vgik unyaka ophelileyo. Kodwa kwinyathelo elinjalo, umphathi wexesha elizayo akazange ayokwakhe, kodwa ngenxa yengxabano ekhulayo kwisiseko sesiseko. Kwakhona, ikamva le-genius bhanyabhanya yatyholwa ngeemvakalelo zikaSoviet.
Iifilimu
Ekuqaleni, uAlexander Nikolayevich wayenza ubuchule bolwazi, besusa ividiyo emfutshane. Umsebenzi wetyala leSokurov kwimitha epheleleyo yayiyifilimu ebizwa ngokuba "yisandi esilodwa", esekwe kwimisebenzi ka-Andrei Platonov. Isuswe ngo-1978, ubunkokeli bemibutho khange bavume kwaye bakhuthazwe ukuba batshabalalise. Lo mfanekiso ugcinwe yi-Pergey yizditsky, ukutshintsha ifilimu kwaye ukuthathe i-upation, nangona kunjalo, wayelinde enye iminyaka eli-9.Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ifilimu, eyayifuna ukuphelisa, yaba ngumntu otyunjiweyo kunye nonyango kwimibhiyozo ezininzi yefilimu. Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba umsebenzi wokuqala opheleleyo we-Alexander Soukiurov wafumana ingxelo entle evela kwi-guru ye-binema ye-rineri yaseRussia ka-Andrei Tarkovsky, eyathi kamva ixhase i-noviceovky, eyathi kamva ixhasile i-novice. Wayekholelwa ukuba uSkuurova wayenezinto ezingaqhelekanga, engacacanga, nokuba sisidenge, ingaqondakali, engaqondakaliyo. Kodwa ngaphandle kwento, ebizwa ngokuba nguMlawuli wobukristu.
Emva koko, umfana wayefuna ukunxibelelanisa ubomi neMosfilm, kodwa iimeko zakhe zokusebenza zazingalungiswanga. Ke ngoko, ukhetho lukaSokurov lwawela kwi-lenfilm. Kwingcebiso yeTarkovsky irekhodwe apho ngo-1980. Ngo-1981, uAlexander Nikolaevich waba ngumphathi we-Tragic "I-Shotakovich. UAlto Sonata, "oxela nge-gesius quatser kwaye malunga ne-tragic ikati yomculi ongenalowo ungalukanga.
Ngo-1986, abaphulaphuli bakubona ityhefu kaSokuro "nge-Alla Ospipin, irina Sokolova kunye neVladimir Zamanky kwindima ephezulu. Ifilimu kukuziqhelanisa nemidlalo yeBernard Shaw "izindlu apho iintliziyo ziphukile."
UAlexander Nikolaevich waba ngumbhali weifilimu ezimfutshane "ixhoba ngokuhlwa", ethi ifumene umvuzo we-PKKF ye-15 yeMMKF kunye neBhamori ekhethekileyo ye-Andrei Tarkovsky. Kodwa le filimu yaya kwizikrini ngokulibaziseka kweminyaka emithathu.
Akumangalisi ukuba umsebenzi we-Alexander Nikolayevich wayephantsi kokugxekwa, kuba umsebenzi wakhe wawuphawulwe kakhulu kukhetho lwe-goskino kunye ne-1990s akukho msebenzi wamkelwa kwiholo.
Ngesi sizathu, i-terikovky iququzelele i-buddy phesheya, kodwa uSokurov wala iindawo zokuhlaselwa kwabasemagunyeni, uAlexander Nikolaevich uhlala engu-patriot, ubuzwe bakhe nenkcubeko yakhe. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1980, imeko itshintshile: Iifilimu ezingakhange zifumane iimveliso eziqengqelekayo zaboniswa kubaphulaphuli ngokubanzi kwaye zimele iRussia kuzo zonke iintlobo zemibhiyozo.
Ifilwelwe nguMsebenzi wase-Arcadiya kunye ne-Borisky Staffy Flow "I-Eclipse Daulees" ifake uluhlu lweefilimu ezili-100 ezibalaseleyo kuyo yonke imbali ye-Russia yefilimu yaseRussia.
Ngo-1994, uAlexander Nikolaevich wazisa uluntu idrama yedrama eqinileyo, apho i-chapels ethe cwaka ", apho i-alexander Chapels", apho i-alexander Chapels ", iSergey Bargeovsky. Le khasethi yayiluhlobo lokutolikwa kwemisebenzi ye-Russia Prosaikov yenkulungwane ye-Xix. Icebo lalisekwe kwiRoma F. M. Dostoevsky "ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nesohlwayo". Umlawuli wefilimu uzama ukuphindaphinda imeko, efakwe kwincwadi kaFydor Mikhailovich.
Inkulungwane entsha yaqala inkosi enetalente kwifilimu enoxwebhu malunga nobomi kunye nobuchule bombhali waseJapan uTosio Simao. Kufanelekile ukutsho ukuba lo mfanekiso uphawulwe ngokulandelelana komjelo weTV yelanga.
"Moloch", epapashwe ngo-1999, waba yi-Tepe ye-Depeut ye "Tetraigy yamandla" - uthotho lweSokurov malunga nabameli abaqaqambileyo bendawo yabo yezopolitiko yexesha elizayo. Kwinxalenye yokuqala, uAdolf Hitler, oboshwe kwisakhelo se-leon mozrekov, waba ngumlinganiswa ophambili. Ifilimu, epapashwe eJamani, ukuthembeka okukhulu kwenziwe kwindawo yokuhlala yeHitler yeHitler - iKelstinhaus.
Ukuqhubeka kwe-TEEkraglogy ngo-2000 yayiyidrama "Taurus". Indima ephambili kunye neli xesha baya eLeonid Mozpoy - wadlala i-vladimir illich lenin kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe. Lo mfanekiso ufumene ibhaso le-Nika ngo-7 latyunjwa, kubandakanya nomsebenzi wasemthethweni. Ifilimu elandelayo yolu ngcelele ubizwa ngokuba "Langa" leSkiror Hier Hirohito.
IProjekthi yovavanyo yomlawuli yayiyimbambo malunga nembali ye-pulace yasebusika "i-Russia", ifihlelwe ngu-nye ophindwe kabini ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kokuhlela.
Ngo-2009, uAlexander Nikolaevich wakhangela abalandeli befilimu yakhe "Sifunda incwadi yeBhloko", apho u-Oleladvili, e-Oleanova noIvan Krasoko.
Umsitho obalulekileyo yayikukuvulwa kweworkshop yaseSokurov, okokuqala kwiCandelo leCinema kunye ne-KBSUVION kwi-NSALCHIK, emva koko kwi-cinevik ye-cinevik.
Iphefumlelwe ngumsebenzi kaJohann Wolfgang von teehe, umlawuli wasusa inxalenye yokugqibela, ye-4 ye-tetraigy-idrama "idrama" Lo mfanekiso wanikwa iipremiyamu ezininzi ezinqabileyo, phakathi kwazo "ingonyama yegolide".
UAlexander Nikolaevich welisa i-filmography ye-Francophonny nguFrance, eJamani naseNetherlands bilmography. Ngo-2015, inkosi yazisa kumnyhadala wefilimu weVenice kunye ne-catheritine mtsaturize. Kwifomathi eguqukayo, iteyiphu yeSokurov ngokwakhe yathetha libali.
Ngo-2018, umlawuli waba lilungu lefilimu yoxwebhu "Umbane ubetha kumthi ophezulu", uzinikele kwisikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-100 yokuzalwa kombhali waseRussia obalaseleyo waseRussia Solzhenjitsyn.
Isikhundla sikawonke-wonke
UAlexander Nikolaevich usoloko olwahlulwa sisikhundla sikawonke-wonke, kudliwanondlebe, wathetha ngokwakhe njengeshishini elithandwayo kunye nezimvo zakhe ngepolitiki okanye iRussia nezopolitiko.
"Ndiyakholelwa ukuba imeko eRussia inokutshintshwa ukusuka phezulu. Kwaye kuya kuba kuhle ukuqala ngaphezulu, ukuba umntu unenkqubo yenkqubo yoluntu, ukwazi ukuba umntu onesifo sengqondo esiya entlokweni karhulumente, "utshilo uSokiurov.Ukongeza, uAlexander Nikolaevich wathetha ngo-Itraine nge-Ukraine: Ngokoluvo lwakhe, abantu baseUkraine banelungelo lokufaka ibango lelizwe elahlukileyo.
Ngo-2018, uSokurov waba lilungu lebhunga eliphantsi komongameli weRussia Federation yoluntu kunye namalungelo abantu.
Umlawuli, kunye ne-Vladimir Spivakov ne-Koedore Kurculanzis, uVumer Goris Grebenchikov kunye nolunye uxwebhu lwenkcubeko olubhaliweyo lwe-Nagorno-Karabakh ukuya kuthi ga kwi-Loullobak ukuya kuLuhlulo lweLifa leMveli loKhuseleko nolondolozo.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi bobuqu yeAlexander Soukiurov ziyafana nencwadi yamatywina aSixhenxe. Kukholelwa ukuba umlawuli uhleli eyi-bachelor enomdla, kuba yenzelwe umsebenzi kwi-filmmaker kwindawo yokuqala, kunokuba iqabane kunye nabantwana.Kuyaziwa ukuba isiqhamo esalelweyo imnandi. Ke ngoko, indawo ye-socoury icocekile kwimithombo yeendaba. Akuzange kube kanye, iindaba zadutyulwa zizihloko ezazigungxula yintlanganiso ngasese kunye nabafazi babanye ababalulekileyo nabaziingcali zemali. Kodwa la mahemuhemu yomatshini ophuzi angenalo isiqinisekiso esinokuthenjwa.
Iifoto ezinamantombazana amahle avela kupapasho uqokelela kuphela ukuba umntu osaziwayo uhamba kwisakhelo sabafazi kuphela - oogxa bamasifundisane.
I-Alexander Sokur ngoku
Ngoku uMlawuli akasakhathalelwanga kwi-cinema kunye novavanyo olwahlukeneyo lokudala kule ndawo.
Ngo-2021, uMama waphawula isikhumbuzo, uAlexander Nikolayevich waqala iminyaka engama-70 ubudala. Ngokunxulumene nomhla obalulekileyo, iimpapasho ezininzi zakhutshwa amanqaku ezinikezelwe kuMlawuli, i-ntlokoile enye yanika udliwanondlebe noNovaya Gazethi. USokurov wathetha malunga neminyaka ekumiselweni komsebenzi, kubandakanya ubudlelwane obunzima kunye ne-KGB kunye nomzabalazo wokuzifezekisa kwiimeko zokubeleko olunzima.
UAlexander Nikolaevich uvakalise kwaye ukungavisisani nemisebenzi yeCandelo leNkcubeko, ukholelwa ukuba eli sebe kudala luxanduva ngqo ixesha elide, oko kukuphuhliswa kwemveliso.
I-filmography
- Ngo-1980 - "DICELWA"
- Ngo-1986 - "Ampir"
- Ngo-1988 - "Iintsuku ze-Eclipse"
- 1990 - "Yenza isangqa seSibini"
- 1992 - "Ilitye"
- 1994 - "Amaphepha azolileyo"
- 1997 - "Umama no Nyana"
- Ngo-1999 - "moloch"
- Ngo-2001 - "Taurus"
- Ngo-2002 - "umkhombe waseRussia"
- 2003 - "UBawo noNyana"
- Ngo-2005 - "Ilanga"
- I-2007 - "Alexander"
- Ngo-2011 - "tyhun"
- Ngo-2015 - "Francophonia"
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-2011 - "embindini wolwandle"