Biography
Umbhali weMibutho yasimahla, ugqirha wezengqondo waseSwitzerland kunye nesithandi-sobulumko kaKarl Jung uqhelene kakhulu kwiincwadi "umntu kunye neempawu zakhe" kunye "neenkumbulo". Kwintliziyo yeemfundiso zikaJung, ibinzana elithi "intlungu" kunye "nokugqogqa" kuphuhliswa nguye. UKarl akazange aphikise ukuba umntu ngamnye, ngokuxhomekeka kumsebenzi obalaseleyo womntu ngamnye, angabhekiswa kwi-I (i-introversion), okanye kwilizwe langaphandle (i-wassporension).
Ngokusekwe kwesi sigqibo, umphandi waphuhlisa iintlobo zengqondo zabantu kwaye wazisa ifomula yemiphefumlo, eyigqibe kwesakhelo sengqondo kunye nengqondo. Umsebenzi kaJung wayenempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwisikhalazo senkcubeko, inkolo yokuthelekisa, i-anthropology, i-Pedagogos kunye noncwadi.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
UKarl Gustav Jung wazalwa ngoJulayi 26, 1875, kwi-North-Est Switzerland, esville. Utata we-psychotherapist ye-psychotherapist uJohann Jung wayengumfundisi kwicawe yotshintsho, kwaye umfazi wakhe uEmina wayekhulisa unyana wakhe. Njengomntwana, uKarl wayevaliwe kwaye ngumntwana ongaqhelekanga. Ukuphanziswa kunye nehlazo livele ngenxa yobudlelwane obukhulu kunye nentloko yosapho kwaye iguqukele rhoqo ngunina, onguGustav uphinda-phinda ebuntwaneni.
Kwiminyaka eli-10 ubudala, indoda eyi-6 yeesentimitha inqunyulwe kwi-thewden yebrashi yebrashi, yafaka kwisohlwayo kwaye yathatha ubugcisa kwi-attic. Xa ukhuliswa kotata okanye ukubuna kukamama kwazisa inkwenkwe ukuba ihluthiswe iphetyhafu, yenyuka eyandlelileyo yaza yathetha ngolwimi olufihlakeleyo nomhlobo owenziwa ngumntu. Ezi mpikiswano yayikukuqala kokubonakaliswa kokuqala kwendlela yokuziphatha engazi nto, ebhalwe kwi-karl yexesha elizayo ichazwe kwiinkcukacha kwizincoko zengqondo kwi-psychology yokwazi.
Abazali bamnika unyana kwindawo yokuzivocavoca xa wayeneminyaka eli-11 ubudala. Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-gustav ayibonisanga nayiphi na imvakalelo kuyo nayiphi na isayensi okanye ubuchule. Ngelixa abasebenzi be-Reled bakhalaze ngokusilela komfundi oqaqambileyo weetalente, iKarl kwikhaya elibuyayo yayipeyintwe ziinqatha zakudala kwaye wafunda iproses. UKarl akakwazanga ukwenza abahlobo kwaye aziveze ngokupheleleyo esikolweni ngenxa yemvakalelo yakhe yokuxhaphaza umntu. Uye wahlekisa "kwincwadi ebomvu yakhe" yaphawula ukuba waye 'bobabini ndi "babini" ukususela ebuntwaneni.
Nge-16, inkungu yelolo yaqala ukuchitha kancinci. Uhlaselo loxinzelelo lwaya kwixesha elidlulileyo, uJung waba nomdla wokufunda intanda-bulumko. Wayezichaza isangqa sabo bafuna ukufunda, abafundi befunda uPlato, uHetocal, uPythagora kwaye wada wafumana umbono weengcinga zakhe kwimisebenzi ye-Schopenhauer. Ngo-1893, uKarl wangena kwi-faculty yesayensi yendalo kwiYunivesithi yase-Basel. Eyunivesithi, ukongeza kuncwadi olunyanzelekileyo, uJung wanomdla kwimisebenzi ye-Hossikov yase-MilminiSOv: Emmanuel Sydenborg kunye ne-Adolf Eschenmayer.
Phantsi kwembono yemisebenzi efundwayo yeGustav, nkqu namaxesha ambalwa bachitha iiseshoni zoMoya. Oku akubonakali nje ukuba oqhelekileyo kuyamnceda ukuba abhale i-dissertation kwiyeza, eyabizwa ngokuba "kwi-psychology kunye ne-paychology kunye ne-paychology ye-hlemec yezigqi." Kwixa elizayo, ukubeka uluvo malunga nezibhalo zakudala ("i-jing", "imfihlo yentyatyambo yegolide", "Incwadi ethi" Tibetan yabafi "), uya kubuyela kuye ngesihloko sokufunda ngokomoya Umhlaba.
KwiJung, eli xesha lalinzima kakhulu kulwalamano lwezinto eziphathekayo. Emva kokubhubha kukatata wakhe, usapho lwayo lwahlala ngaphandle kwempilo. I-Gustav ngexesha lemini ezazihamba izifundo, kwaye ngexesha lakhe elikhululekileyo wayebandakanyeka ekutsaleni. Ke le ndoda ixhasa ubukho obuthoba obuthobileyo kwaye zahlawula izifundo zakhe. Ekupheleni kweZiko leMfundo eliPhezulu, iNgcali yeCrasti ibanjiwe ezandleni ze "PSCHCHIATRY STTORIAL" ye-Kraft yaseMvard yaseRichard. Oku kufunyaniswa kwamiliselwa kwangaphambili ngekamva likaJung.
I-Psychology
Ngo-1900, uKarl wafudukela eZurich waqala ukusebenza njengomncedisi kwezona ndlela zidumileyo ze-Yujina kwi-Burgholzel ehamba ngesibhedlele i-Burgholzle yengqondo (i-Zurich). UGustav uzinze kwintsimi yesibhedlele. Kungekudala waqalisa ukupapasha umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala wekliniki, kunye namanqaku ngokusetyenziswa kovavanyo loMbutho weQela ophuhliswe nguye.
Ngo-1907, umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala "we-Psychology ye-Psymeclogy yesahluko sokuqala", esathunyelwa ngu-jung sigmund freud ukuya kuziqhelanisa. Ukudibana ne-freud echonge i-STRINGRATION kubalulekile kuphuhliso lwenzululwazi yeKarl. Ngexesha lokuqhelana ngoFebruwari ngoFebruwari 1907 eVienna, apho uJienna, apho uJighna wafika emva kwembalelwano emfutshane, wayesaziwa ngokubanzi njengovavanyo lwayo kwimibutho yamazwi kunye nokufunyanwa kwengqondo.
Ngo-1909, kunye noFreud, uJung wafika wafika eUnited States of America, apho wafunda khona ikhosi. Udumo lwamanye amazwe, kwaye kunye nenkqubo yalo yabucala, eyazisa umvuzo olungileyo, ovumelekileyo ukuba ashiye isikhundla kwiklinikhi ye-Burgholtk (ngelo xesha wayesele ephethe i-positiver yomhlaba), entsalela Kwinzululwazi yeentsomi, iintsomi, iintsomi kwimeko yokusebenzisana kwabo nelizwe le-psychopatrology.
Kwangelo xesha linye, ukupapashwa kubonakala ngathi, ngokucacileyo ukubonakalisa umda wenkululeko yengqondo yeKarl ukusuka kwi-freud kwiimbono zombini malunga nohlobo lokungazi. Ngo-1913, ubuhlakani be-psychoanalylysis uthathe isigqibo sokumisa zonke iintlobo zonxibelelwano. Idrama yokwahlukana yaguqukela kwithuba likaJung's lokupapasha umsebenzi "kunye" nencwadi ebomvu ".
Ngeminyaka yee-1920, uJung wenza inani leendlela ezinde ezinomdla kwiindawo zase-Afrika naseMntla Merika. Isincoko senkcubeko esingesiseko senkcubeko kunye nengqondo yayisisiseko sesahluko esinye kwincwadi ye-Autobiographical "iinkumbulo, amaphupha, ukubonakalisa". Ngo-1930, uKarl wanikwa isihloko soMongameli oHloniphekileyo we-Psychomeutic Society yaseJamani, waza watyhila indalo yakhe entsha eya ehlabathini - le ncwadi "yexesha lexesha lethu". Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, iBhunga leSixeko saseZurich lalinika ibhaso kuncwadi, ebeka itsheki kwii-francs ezingama-8 amawaka e-francs kuyo.
Ukususela ngo-1933 ukuya ku-1942, uJung wafundisa eTsich, kwaye ukusukela ngo-1944 - e-Basel. Kwakhona ngo-1933-1939. ISAZINZULU liveze "kulindixesha kwimimandla nonyango lwengqondo kunye ezimelene", apho inkxaso-nkqubo yangaphakathi amaNazi ukucima ugqatso, kunye nezicatshulwa ukusuka Mein KAMPF waba isandulela inyanzelekile na ncwadi. Phakathi kwendalo ye-Jung eli xesha, amanqaku "ubudlelwane phakathi kwam kwaye ungazi nto", "I-Psychology kunye nenkolo", "I-Psychology kunye neMfuno" yayingazi yabelwe ikakhulu.
NgoFebruwari 1944, ngexesha lokundwendwela, iJung yaqhekeza umlenze, nokuba sesibhedlele, wahlaselwa yintliziyo, emva kweeveki ezimbalwa ukulinganisa ukwenzeka kobomi nokufa. Emva kwexesha, wachaza imibono yakhe kwi-autobiography ngokweenkcukacha.
NgoNovemba 1955, emva kweminyaka engamashumi amahlanu anesibini yentsebenziswano, umfazi kaJung, uEmma wasweleka, kwaye le ilahleko iyonakalisa ngokupheleleyo i-psychotherapist. Ukususa iingcinga zokucwangcisa, uKarl ngentloko yakhe wangena emsebenzini. I-Autobiography, ebhalwe phantsi ngoncedo lonobhala, yathatha ixesha elininzi, kwaye inani lembalelwano sele likhule kangangokuba ngamanye amaxesha kuye kwafuneka lifihle iileta ezizayo zeencwadi zeencwadi ezizayo zeencwadi zeencwadi ezizayo zeencwadi zeencwadi ezizayo zeencwadi zeencwadi ezizayo zeencwadi zeencwadi eziza iincwadi zeeleta ezizayo zeencwadi zeencwadi ezizayo zeencwadi zeencwadi ezizayo zeencwadi zeencwadi ezizayo zeencwadi zeencwadi eziza iincwadi zeeleta ezizayo zeencwadi zeencwadi ezizayo zeencwadi zeencwadi ezizayo zeencwadi zeencwadi eziza iincwadi zeeleta ezizayo zeeleta ezizayo zeencwadi zeencwadi ezizayo zeeleta ezizayo zeencwadi zeeleta ezizayo zeencwadi zeencwadi ezizayo zeeleta ezizayo zeeleta ezizayo zeencwadi zeeleta ezizayo zeencwadi zeencwadi ezizayo zeencwadi zeencwadi ezizayo zeencwadi zeencwadi ezizayo zeencwadi zeeleta ezizayo zeencwadi zeencwadi eziza iincwadi zeeleta ezizayo zeeleta ezizayo zeencwadi zeeleta ezizayo zeencwadi zeencwadi ezizayo zeencwadi zeencwadi eziza.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngomfazi wokuqala kunye nomfazi, uEmma Rausunbach Jung, ukuba ngumfundi wezonyango. Ngexesha lentlanganiso yabo yokuqala, wayeneminyaka engama-21 ubudala, kwaye wayeneminyaka eli-15 ubudala. Intombazana entle, ethobekileyo enomtsalane kancinci kwi-spit swick ngokukhawuleza i-gustavu. I-EMMA kunye neKarl ngokusemthethweni ngokusemthethweni ngoFebruwari 14, 1903.
Ekhethwe yiFilosopher yayivela kwintsapho yakudala yaseSwitzelle yaseSwitzerland yamashishini anemizi-mveliso. Intlalontle yomfazi wayo yavumela uJung ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokwenza imali yokwenza imali ukuzinikela kuphando kwi-Psychology. U-Emma wabonakalisa umdla onyanisekileyo emsebenzini womyeni wakhe kwaye wamxhasa kuzo zonke. URausiushenbach wazisa iqabane lakhe iintombi ezine kunye nonyana: i-Agatu, Gart, uFranz, uMariana noHelen.
Ubukho bamaqabane asemthethweni kwaye abantwana abakhange baphazamise i-Yung ukunyusa ubudlelwane ecaleni. Nge-17 ka-Agasti, ngo-1904, i-tieli yeshumi elinesibhozo leshumi elinesibhozo le-sabina yayisebenza kwikliniki yaseSwitzerland, eyayisebenza yiKarl. Eli bali lothando liye laziwa ngenxa yokuba isiseko sobudlelwane bukaSpielrein kunye noJung sibeka i-hlemenon yokudluliselwa kwe-Erotic (inkanuko yesigulana ukuya kugqirha). UJung waphawula kwaye waxabisa ingqondo ebukhali kunye nendawo yokugcina kwesayensi yendlela yokucinga kwentombazana, kwaye uSpielreun wayengakwazi ukuba nothando ngehlabathi logqirha. Inoveli yabo igqityiwe kwangoko emva kokuba uSabina waphilisa isilitho sakhe kwaye washiya amaziko egqirha.
Ngo-1909, abangama-21 ubudala bodwa oneminyaka engama-21 ubudala bafika eKarlo njengesigulana. Eli nenekazi eliselula emva kokuba sibuyiselwe ngumncedisi osemthethweni kunye nenkosikazi yengqondo. NgoSeptemba 1911, le ntombazana ide yahamba nentsapho ye-igom kwi-Weimar Congress yoluntu lwengqondo. U-Emma wayesazi malunga nomyeni wakhe, kodwa uthando olungenasiphelo lukayise alumvumelanga ukuba alunike uqhawulo-mtshato.
I-Tony Wolf nguyena mncedisi kaJung, oneminyaka engama-40 wabelana kungekuphela kwebhedi enengqondo, kodwa ikwayindawo yokusebenza. Ngenxa yentsebenziswano yabo, incwadi ethi "I-Metamorphosis kunye neesimboli ze-Liyido" yavela.
Ukufa
NgoMeyi 1961, uJung wakhwela ukuhamba. Apho, i-psychotherapist yayinomnye ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo, ukuvuselela ibhloko yeenqanawa zobuchopho kunye nokukhubazeka kwenxalenye yamalungu. Kwiiveki ezimbalwa, uCarl wayekwimeko yobomi nokufa. Ngokutsho kweenkumbulo zomongikazi, obakhathaleleyo ekucingani, ngosuku olungaphambi kokusweleka kwesithandi-sobulumko wabona iphupha, emva koko wathetha ngoncumo ebusweni bakhe ukuba akukho nto imbi yenye into eyayingoyiki.
UJung wasweleka nge-6 kaJuni, ngo-1961 endlwini yakhe, kwindawo yedolophu yaseCusnakht. Ungcwatywe i-Emicchotherapist ye-Psychotherapist kumangcwaba asekuhlaleni lecawa yamaProtestanti. Kwilitye lengxande, ukongeza kwizikhundla zokuqala zengqondo, amagama abazali bakhe, oodade baseGertrudi nenkosikazi ye-EMMA bayakhutshwa.
I-Bibliography
- "I-Archetype kunye nesimboli"
- "Iinkumbulo, Amaphupha"
- "Umphefumlo nentsomi. Ii-archetypes ezintandathu "
- "Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-ego kwaye ungazi"
- "Indoda Nemiqondiso Yakhe"
- "Imicimbi yengqondo ye-Archetype"
- "I-Psychology yokuTshintshela"
- "Inqaku elipheleleyo lembono kwi-psychology kunye namaphupha"
- "Iimpawu kunye neMetamorphoses. I-Libedo "
- "Umtshato njengesimo sengqondo sengqondo"
- "Iingxaki zomphefumlo wexesha lethu"
- "Iindidi zengqondo"
- "Umsebenzi wengqondo"
Iikowuti
- "Musa ukubamba umntu okushiya. Ngaphandle koko, lowo uya kuwe akazukufika
- "Yonke into eyenziwayo kwabanye inokukhokelela ekuqondeni ngokwabo"
- "Naluphi na uhlobo lokuxhomekeka kubi, nokuba kuxhomekeka kutywala, iziyobisi okanye iziyobisi"
- "Andikwenzekanga ntoni kum, mna - ndagqiba kwelokuba ndibe"