Biography
U-Ivan Franco yingcali ye-Irandine ebalaseleyo, imbongi, i-wisical kunye nesayensi. Ilifa lelifa le-classic likhulu, kwaye ifuthe kwinkcubeko kunzima kakhulu ekusebenziseni. Ngo-1915, umbhali wabekwa phambili kwibhaso likaNobel, kodwa de kwabe ukungafikeleli, i-Ivan Francois engafikeleli ekufeni kukhuphiswano.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Carlic yeklasi ye-Ukraine yazalelwa kwintsapho etyebileyo. Intloko yakhe nguGassian Peasm Franco-Fumana imali kwishishini langaphambili, kwaye umama - uMaria kllchitskaya-owayevela "ama-Noble". Umyeni omncinci kangangeminyaka engama-33 ubudala, umfazi ngaphandle kweRusin-Shiseves ekhulisa abantwana. Iminyaka yokuqala yobomi ebizwa ngokuba yiBlond.
Xa uIvan Franko yaphinda iqale iminyaka eli-9 ubudala, utata wasweleka. Umama watshata okwesibini, umakheta otata uthabathe indawo abantwana bakaBawo. UIvan, wabeka ubuhlobo kwaye egcina ubomi bakhe bonke. Ku-12 uIvan waba yinkedama: Khangenza namamom.
Kwisikolo se-rohobcch, kwimonki yamaKatolika, i-Ivan yayiyeyona nto ibalaseleyo: Ootitshala babhekisa kwikamva leProjekthi. Lo mfo wayenenkumbulo enkulu-iintetho ezicatshulwe ngokoqobo, kwaye uKozzar wayesazi ngentliziyo.
UFrancoawa ukwazi iPoland neJamani, ngaba iguquguquko lebhayibhile, intlupheko ifundela iklasikhi yaseYurophu, isebenza kwimbali kunye nezenzululwazi. Ukwenza imali ngokufundisa, umthambo uIvan Franco wakwazi ukuqokelela ithala leencwadi kwiincwadi ze-Semi-Tech. Ukwazi iilwimi zasemzini, wayeyixabisa i-iKiaraine ye-Itleine, eqokelele kwaye erekhodwe iingoma zakudala ezindala, iintsomi.
U-Ivan Franco wayehlala kwisalamane esibi, owayeneshishini le-boricych e-drohobchch. Kwenzeka ukuba le ndoda iselula ilele kwiibhokisi ezingasaziwanga zimangalisayo (ibali "eMananini"). Ehlotyeni, i-classic yexesha elizayo yoncwadi lwe-iUkraine inamathela kwi-Naguevichichi kwaye yanceda uthuthu lokuqala ebaleni. Ngo-1875, u-Ivan Franco wafumana isatifikethi kunye ne-Lviv University ngokukhetha ubuchwephesha befilosofi.
Uncwadi
Isincoko sokuqala ivan franco sashicilelwa kwiYunivesithi yaseyunivesithi "Umhlobo", enkosi kuye wajika waguqukela kwilungu elishicilelwayo. I-donoms yabasebenzi abangabanini kunye neempendulo zabangela ukubanjwa okokuqala kuka-Ivan Franco kunye namalungu eBhodi yoHlelo ".
UFranco wagwebela iiveki ezi-6, kodwa wakhululwa emva kweenyanga ezili-9 (iinyanga ezisi-8 zilinde inkundla). Umfana wabekwa egumbini lokungcwaba kwizaphuli-mthetho, ihlwempu, lowo ubuhlwempu batyhale eludongeni. Unxibelelwano kunye nabo yayingumthombo wokubhalwa kwemisebenzi yentsomi, ethi, emva kwenkululeko, ivan Francisions kwizinto ezihlelweyo. Amabali "omjikelo wentolongo" atshintshelwa kwiilwimi zasemzini kwaye abizwa ngokuba yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwilifa lombhali.
Emva kokushiya iincwadi zentolongo, u-Ivan Franco wajongana nokusabela kombutho olondolozayo: "isaphuli-mthetho" sajika sajika nabantu neerusi. Ukusuka eyunivesithi, abantu abancinci bagxothwa. Inguqu eselula enezimvo zentlalontle yazifumana kwi-Avan Gard-Jgadi ye-Austrian enkosi kwinkosikazi yase-Austrian. Ngeqabane M. Pavlik epapasha iphepha leMagazini "umhlobo woluntu", apho wapapasha imibongo, izincoko kunye nezahluko zokuqala zebali ".
Kungekudala amapolisa athimba impapasho, kodwa u-Ivan Franco waphinda waphuma phantsi kwegama elahlukileyo, elinye elithethayo - "Bell". Iphephabhuku laprinta le mibongo yeFranco - "i-Masonry" ("Kamenyaarі"). Kwaye uphinde uphinde ukhuthaze kunye nokutshintsha igama. Kumagazini wesine nowokugqibela wephephabhuku, obizwa ngokuba "nguHammer", uIvan Yakovvich eprintiwe esiphelweni sebali nemibongo.
U-Ivan Franco wakhupha imagazini kunye neencwadana eziphantsi komhlaba ezinemifanekiso yeMisebenzi yeMisebenzi ye-charles marx kunye ne-rimerich i-eels, apho intshayelelo ibhaliwe. Ngo-1878, uguquko lwabaseGalician lwaluPhezulu lwephephancwadi i-Magazine "(" Umsebenzi "), waguqula ilungu lephondo ekupapashweni kwabasebenzi base-LVIVI. Ngale minyaka le, u-Ivan Franco waguqulela umbongo wehotele uHeine "Germany", "uKayimu" uJohann, wabhala ".
Ngentwasahlobo ye-1880, kwindlela eya eKolommu Ivan Franko, eyabanjwa yesibini: Ipolitiki yawa ecaleni kwabahlali base-Kolomyan, eyakhokelwa ngurhulumente waseOstriya. Emva kwendlu yeenyanga ezintathu eIvan Yakovvich Intolongo, ndathunyelwa eNaguyevichi, kodwa kwindlela eya kwilali ngenkangeleko, wangena kwinxuwa yentolongo yaseFrohobch. Ibonwa yaba sisizathu sokubhala ibali "ezantsi".
Ngo-1881, uIvan Franco upapasha iMagazini yeHlabathi, eprinta ibali "Borislav ehleka." Abafundi khange babone iintloko zokugqibela zomsebenzi: Iphephabhuku lavalwa. Imibongo ivan Franco yathatha imagazini "ukukhanya". Kwezi, ingqokelela "evela kwiincopho kunye nezantsi" yakhitha ngokukhawuleza. Emva kokuvalwa "kokukhanya", umbhali unyanzelekile ukuba afumane umvuzo, aprintwe kwiimpapasho zabantu. Ngale minyaka le, ibali elidumileyo elithi "Zakhar Berkut" laphuma kwimagazini "Zarya", kodwa kungekudala i-Zary Yaphelile.
Embindini we-1880s, ukukhangela umvuzo, u-Ivan Franco weza kabini ukuya eKiev, eqikelela imali kwinkululeko yenkululeko ukuya kwigazi lakhe. Kodwa imali ethenjisiweyo yayingekho kwi-Ivan Yakovvich, kodwa kumhleli weZari. Ngehlobo le-1889, abafundi baseRussia bafika eGaliyoni. Bebonke kunye nabo, uIvan Franco wahamba waya kwigumbi elijikeleze ilizwe, kodwa kungekudala la kubanjwa iqela, uFranco watyholwa ngokuzama 'ukukoyisa "i-Galicia evela e-Austria kwaye enenjongo yokujoyina iRussia. Kwiinyanga ezimbini kamva, lonke iqela lakhululwa ngaphandle kwetyala.
Ebutsheni be-1890, uFranco wabhala i-orceral dissertation, ethatha imibongo yezopolitiko i-sheras shevchenko njengesiseko. Kodwa iYunivesithi yaseLviv ayizange yamkele i-dissertation yokhuseleko. U-Ivan Yakovvich ungenise i-dissertation kwiYunivesithi yaseCsperivits, kodwa wamkhanyelelwa apho. Ekwindla yonyaka we-1892, umbhali waya eVienna, apho wabhala khona inombulelo malunga nenoveli yamandulo yamaKristu. Kwiminyaka e-Austria, uIvan Franco wanikwa isidanga sikagqirha wentanda-bulumko.
Ngo-1894, emva kokusweleka kweSebe loNcwadi lwe-Ukraine, uNjingalwazi O. Ogonovsky, kwi-Ogonovsky yoncwadi lwaseUkraine, kwiYunivesithi yaseLviv, izama ukuthatha indawo engenabantu. Intetho yakhe yokuvavanywa yabangela umdla omkhulu phakathi kwabafundi, kodwa kwiSebe ivan Yakovvich ayizange ithathe. Ukuya kwisikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-25 yobuchule buka-Ivan Franko, apho ababhali be-Itraine babhiyozelwa ngokubanzi, beqokelela imibongo "yam iphume.
Utshintsho luka-1905 eRussia lwabangela ubuchule bombhali, wasabela kumsitho "uMoses" kunye nokuqokelelwa kwemibongo ", eyayiqokelele umbongo othi" Sesothusa ".
Ekuqaleni kobudlelwane be-1900 ye-1900 ka-Ivan Franco ngezizwe ze-Ukraine, entlokweni ye-mikhail grushevsky imile, ibrown. Ngo-1907, inzame yokukhokela iSebe kwiYunivesithi yaseLviv iphinde yasilela: Ingxelo kaFranco ayizange iqwalaselwe. Inkxaso ivela eKharkov: Iyunivesithi yanikezela ivan Yakovvich iqondo loncwadi lukaGqr. Russian. Umbhali kunye nesayensi eRussia kunye ne-pridneprovskaya yeUkraine ihlonitshwe.
U-Ivan Franco, njengabangathi abandulelayo kunye nabantu bexesha elide, baphinda bajongana nemfundiso yenkolo, ebhayibhileni. Ukutolikwa kombhali wobuKristu bobuKristu. Imodeli eqaqambileyo yindinyana "yelifa lobomi banaphakade."
Ngo-1913, umbhali kunye nesayensi uqaphele isikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-40 yobuchule, kodwa ingqokelela yeengqokelela ze-jeilee yamiswa ngenxalenye yemfazwe engasentla. I-Polyns ye-prosay kunye nezincoko zeholo matric kunye nematriki epapashiweyo emva kokuba efile.
Lilonke, uIvan Franco wabhala ngaphezulu kwamawaka amahlanu emisebenzi. Abantu bexesha elidlulileyo bathelekisa nabantu abakhulu bokuphindaphinda, ebizwa ngokuba "ngumzimba omkhulu we-assistral oshushu kuyo yonke i-ukraine." Kodwa ukuthetha ngobomi beklasikhi yaseUkraine, bahlala bekhumbula ikowuti yakhe: "Baphila ngoothixo, abagwebi abaziintloko kudlule abantu abangamahlwempu."
Ubomi Buqu
Ndikunye nenkosikazi ye-olga, umbhali waseTshayina wadibana eKiev embindini we-1880s. U-Ivan Franco yayingengomntu ulunge kakhulu: I-Red-haiding, enamagama avuzayo, iphantsi. Utsalele abasetyhini ngendlela engathethekiyo, izimvo eziqhubayo kunye nolwazi lwe-encyclopedic. Ubuhle u-Olga wayethanda i-galikin. Ilumkiso yezalamane kunye nabahlobo ukuba umfana wesinye isangqa, akazange akhokelele nantoni na. U-Ivan Franco wafika emva kwexesha lomtshato: Ukubeka iqhekeza lomtshato, wafundwa kwincwadi enqabileyo elayibrari.
Ukuhambisa ii-kievans ukuya kwikomkhulu le-Galicia akuzange kuzisa ulonwabo: i-Lvivyankyi edumileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Olga "Moskalka", ibhinqa eliselula, elichasene nezakhe. Intsapho ekhoyo abantwana abane babonakala omnye emva kwenye, befuna imali. U-Ivan Franko akazange athathe umsebenzi, walandelwa ngamapolisa namandla, ukudalwa kwekhuselo oluthobekileyo.
Oonyana noTaras, uPetros nentombi nentombi yakhe bafunda iintsomi zabazalwana abaGrimm, u-Ivan Yakovvich wabazisa Kwilali yemveli eFranco, bagqogqa abantwana ehlathini naseMfuleni. I-Olga, iguqule abantwana ukuba balale, baguqulelwe ukusuka kwiJamani neFrentshi, babhala amanqaku eSAlmanaphas, baxubusha imibhalo yakhe nomyeni wakhe. Kodwa iingxaki zobomi kunye nentlupheko ziye zasibeka phantsi kwengqondo engazinzanga- olga ebonakalisa ukumiliselwa kwelifa kubuhlungu.
Ngo-1898, uIvan Franco wafumana ibhaso lesizwe. Ngale mali, yongeza i-Dowry kwaye yathatha ukwakhiwa kwendlu e-LVIV. Kodwa andikwazi kuphila kwikhaya elitsha ngovuyo. Isifo sengqondo sika-Olga sahluza, ukuphazamiseka kwe-nevous kunye nokwahlukana kwaqala kwi-Ivan Yakovlevich. Ithontsi lokugqibela yayikukufa konyana omkhulu ka-Andrei ngoMeyi 1913, i-Olga yawa kwisibhedlele sengqondo.
Ukufa
Iinyanga zokugqibela zobomi bukaIvan FrancoIhlala kwindawo ekhuselekileyo yaseSich Schi Schied: Ababhali banikwa amatsha-ntliziyo. Ukuya kwisikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-60, uFranco akazange aphile kwiinyanga ezintathu. Wasweleka ehleli yedwa. Unyana Taras ekuthinjweni, uPetros walwa, intombi ka-Ana yasebenza kwisibhedlele saseKiev.
Umbhali wasweleka ekhaya: UFranco wasinda kwishelter ngoMeyi 1916. Kwakuloo nyaka, wonyulwa ngenxa yebhaso likaNobel, kodwa wavuswa ephila. Kwakungekho nzululwazi kunye nombhali nge-8 kaMeyi 28. Wamngcwabela kwi-lviv ye-lviv lychakovsky.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1877 - "Omoyini Exelwayo"
- I-1880- "Ezantsi"
- 1882 - "Zakhar Berkut"
- I-1882 - "Borislav ihleka"
- I-1884 - "I-Boa i-boa"
- I-1887 - "lel kunye neentsika"
- Ngo-1887 - "yatsi Zelepugaga"
- I-1890 - "Mikita"
- Ngo-1891 - "I-Adventures ye-Don Quixote"
- Ngo-1892 - "Ulonwabo olubiweyo"
- Ngo-1894 - "ziintsika zenkampani"
- Ngo-1895 - "ABU CASSIMOV izihlangu"
- Ngo-1897 - "Ikhaya leHomeh"
- I-1899 - "I-Oliman"
- 1900 - "iindlela zokuwela"