Biography
Umbhali waseRussia, imbongi, uguqulela uVasily Andreevich Zhukovsky wazalwa nge-9 kaFebruwari, 1783. UFeme weza kuMdali Enkosi kwiinguqulelo kunye neentsomi "ukulala Tsarevna", "I-Talevvna" i-Tsalle Berendee. "
Ngokuzalwa kukaVally Zhukovsky ubeka iintsomi. Kuyaziwa ukuba abazali bombhali onetalente bekukho umnini wetalente kunye nomnini-mhlaba, i-Tula, iPhondo laseAvanasy Ivanovich Bunin naseTurselathashalka Satha, othi emva kobhaptizo olufumana i-Elimerievna turchainev. Kwizifinyiso zembali kuthiwa yindoda etshatile uMaria Grigorievna Bunina. Kodwa imanyano ayizange isuse indlalifa kumnini-mhlaba. Esi yayisisizathu se-tolchannov yedinoune. Intombazana yazisa unyana onqwenelekayo bunin.
UAndrei Grigorievich Zhukovsky wamkela inkwenkwe, ngaphandle kwento yokuba kwintendelezo bakwabazi ukuba ngubani valily. USteph wayevela kubanini bemihlaba enamatyala eKiev. Umbhali-mbali woncwadi i. yU. UVinitsky ukholelwa ukuba imeko yokuzalwa kwendlalifa yayinzima ngakumbi, kunokuba ibeke imibhobho emininzi yombhali.
Ngeminyaka emi-2, ngokomntu, ngesicelo sikatata uBunin, waba ngumphathi we-Astrakhar Gusar Gusiment. Emva kweminyaka emi-4, kwazisa ukukhutshwa kwe-zhukovsky eqhelekileyo - i-mecegn. Kungekudala emva kweli joni, lagxothwa. Ngo-1789, utitshala uEkim Ivanovich ufike kwinkwenkwe. Ngelishwa, isakhono esifanelekileyo saseJamani sasingengowe, ke ngoko, ukufunda kuye kwathatha utata owamkelayo uAndreye Zhukovsky.
Kunyaka kamva, usapho lweBunin luyafudukela eTula. Ootitshala basePokrovsky bayamenywa ngokukhawuleza eVasilia. Utitshala ngelo xesha weva umbhali kwaye wanqwanqwa. Kodwa into engapheliyo yeZhukovsky ikhokelele kwinto yokuba uPkrovskiy wala ukusebenza kunye nomfana. Utata vasily utitshala wathi italente yendoda ayikho, ke akukho ngongoma kuqeqesho.
Ilifa lika-Athanasius Linnin emva kokufa kwakhe edlula. I-Zhukovsky ifumana i-ruble ezili-10,000. Ngeli xesha, yayiyimali ebalulekileyo. Omnye unyaka emva kokubhubha kukaTata, watyelela uVebly wesikolo sokubhoda, emva koko wapasa iimviwo zokwamkelwa kwisikolo sabantu besizwe. Emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa zokufunda kwiziko leZhukovsky, bakhupha ukungakwazi ukuqondakala isayensi.
I-vasly ithatha isigqibo sokufudukela kwi-pivoti varvar upvar yushkova. Kumhlaba weManori webhinqa eliselula lalihlala lethiyeleni lasekhaya. Apha uZhukovsky waqala waqonda ukuba ufuna ukuba ngumdlalo wokudlala. Ngo-1794, umbhali wadala intlekele yokuqala kwisiza sepilisi ye-pltyring ", okanye iRoma ekhululweyo". Emva kwexesha, i-meloddmama ivela kwipeni yokufana, esekwe kwinoveli 'ka-Paul baby noVirginia ".
Imfundo yasekhaya ayikwazanga ukunika ulwazi olufanelekileyo lolwazi ze-ZHOVSKy, ngoko ke udade osisishwankathelo uchaza ipenshini yaseMoscow kwiPenshini yaseyunivesithi yaseMoscow. Kuvavanyo, imbongi ibonakalisa inqanaba eliphezulu lobunini beFrentshi kunye neelwimi zaseJamani ezenzelwe iJamani. Isikolo sokubhoda saxabela ulwazi ngoncwadi. KwiDyunivesithi yaseZhukovsky yenza ukuba abahlobo kunye ne-andrey turgenev. Lo mfana waphembelela kakhulu umsebenzi wombhali. Kwindlu yeendwendwe, uVasily Adolyvich ubhala imibongo yokuqala, kubandakanya nentsasa enkulu.
Uncwadi
Indlela yokuyila ye-vasly zhukovsky ibiyinto evaliweyo kwaye ayilula. Yiza ngobomi bombongo okanye iprosesi umbhali ebengenakukwazi, ngenxa yoko kwathatyathwa kuguqulelo. Italente yeZhukovsky kule ntsimi ibixatyiswe kakhulu ngabantu bexesha lexesha, kubandakanya iPlaton Beketov, umnini wendlu enkulu yokuprinta. Buyela kwiNdlu yeeNdwendwe yaseMoscow, Vasily Androvich Medialie Karazin, owaba ngumfundisi-ntsapho kunye nomcebisi weZhukovsky iminyaka emininzi.
Uhlaziyo lolwimi lwesiRashiya luqwalasela uxanduva lokugxeka umsebenzi wewadi. Kodwa uKaramzin akazange alibale ngendumiso. Utitshala wayesoloko ephawula iingxelo eziphumeleleyo kunye ne-turnover esetyenziswe nguZhukovsky kwimisebenzi. Ukususela ngo-1808 ukuya kwi-1820, imbongi yayikukuKhangela kubugcisa.
Oku kubonakaliswa ngokuqaqambileyo kwiibhalladi zexesha, umzekelo eLyudmila. Okubangela umdla kukuba, umsebenzi yinguqulelo yokuyila yembongi yaseJamani G. A. Burger. ELyudmila, uZhukovsky utyhila indlela yokwenene yokwenyani ekhoyo ebomini bakhe.
Iminyaka emi-4 yathatha i-vasily andrevich ukwenza i-svetlana ballad. Lo mbongo usekwe kwi-lernor, eyenziwe nguG. A. Burger. Umsebenzi wahlukile kwiLlumnila ngehlazo kunye nokuzonwabisa. Umhlobo uZhukovsky A.S. I-Pungkin ixabisa kakhulu umsebenzi weNkosi.
Inxalenye engabonakaliyo yobomi, i-vasily zhukovsky ingezo iinguqulelo. Imbongi yayinesipho semvelo esimdlulisela ukuba aguqulele eyona mibongo elungileyo, ii-balladis zencwadi yehlabathi. I-vasily andreevich ityhilwe ngokupheleleyo yaseJamani yaseJamani kwaye yadlula yomlingo wombongo nge-I. Toehe "i-Tsal Tsar" ngexesha lokuguqulela ngesiRashiya.
UZhukovsky wathanda ukudala, ke umbhali wayedla ngokuguqulela imisebenzi yeembongi ezidumileyo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye akazange alibale ngomsebenzi wakhe. Ngo-1822, i-vasily andrevich yazisa uluntu oluvela e-Elesy, lwenziwa ngomoya wezothando, "ulwandle". Umbhali ubize ukuba athandane nobuhle bakhe obujikeleze abantu. Emva kwexesha, uZhukovsky waqala ukuguqulela i-ballads "yekomityi" eyenziwe ngu-I. Schiller. Umguquleli wasebenza kumsebenzi weminyaka emi-6. Ngezo ntsuku, kwakungekho mfuneko yokuphinda-phinda-kwanele ukudlulisela intsingiselo, imvakalelo, iimvakalelo zomsebenzi.
Ngamaxesha athile, iVasily Zhukovsky incede abantwana bayayiqonda isayensi, kuquka noncwadi. Unxibelelwano lwenkcitho namakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana amaqela ahlukeneyo atyhalelwa ukubhala iintsomi. Malunga neminyaka engama-30 efuna uZhukovsky ukudala iintsomi ezisixhenxe, eziya kuthi kule mini zihlala zithandwa ngabantu abadala kunye neentsana. Phakathi kwendalo ye-vasily andreevich "i-carbulul ye-shar tarevei", "ukulala Tsarevna", "Imfazwe", "I-GAREVVINE", "IXESHA LOKUGQIBELA", "I-TEARE YENCWADANE KAKHULU KUNYE NE-GREAREvich kunye ne-Grey I-Wolf ".
Kwintsomi yefani, iZhukovsky ikhetha ukuya kwiimvavanyo eziqaqambileyo. Umbhali wasebenzisa ulwimi oluvakalayo lolwimi, edlalwe ngemilinganiselo yeholo. I-vasily andreevich yayinomdla kakhulu, engaqondakaliyo nelingeliline kwihlabathi eliqaqambileyo, elabonakaliswa ngemisebenzi ye-Tika, Novis kunye neHoffman. Oku kubonakalisiwe kwi-zhukovsky fairy.
Ngamanye amaxesha umdla kumbhali kwisikhokelo se-vieti yesizwe. UMdali wazama ukudibanisa imfihlakalo yaseYurophu kunye ne-folklore yendawo kwiincwadi zeentsomi. Kunyaka ngaphambi kokusweleka kukaZhukovsky ubhala imibongo emibini yemilingo "kunye" nentaka ". Umbhali uzahlulela intombi yakhe kunye unyana.
UMXHOLO WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA
I-vasily andreevich zhukovsky iza kwinkonzo yosapho lwasebukhosini ngo-1815. Kwisithuba seminyaka emibini, umbhali wasebenza nguMama we-Pedovna kaMary kaMary Fedorovna. Umbhali uza kubamba iminyaka engama-25 ezayo kwinkonzo yenkundla. Ifoto yelo xesha ayisinda.
Ngo-1817, iZhukovsky iqhubeka nemisebenzi ye-pedagogical. Utitshala ufundisa ulwimi lwaseRussia noncwadi kwinkosikazi yakhe uNikolai kuqala - Alexander Fedorovna, kamva izifundo ze-vasily andreevich ityelele inkosikazi yaseMikhail Tavlovna. UZhukovsky ngokuthe ngcembe wandisa iiwadi kwihlabathi liphela, kubandakanya nefilosofi, imbali, inkqubo ye-pedagogy kunye ne-aesthetics.
Amava, ulwazi luvumele iZhukovsky ukuya phambili kwiladi yomsebenzi. I-vasily andreevich yonyulwe nguMcebisi kaTserevich lukaTserevich. Ukusukela ngeli xesha, umbhali wentsomi, imibongo kunye neBallas yaba yiNtloko yootitshala nootishala abasebenza kubasebenzi kwi-Royal Storch. UZhukovsky waqonda ukuba kwindawo entsha anokuthi "adala elungileyo."
Kuthetha umsebenzi we-Cesarevich yayikukwa kwakuthetha ukuba uxanduva kwinkwenkwana kunye nombuso omkhulu, ke utitshala ufunda kwaye ufunde kwakhona uncwadi lobugcisa, uncwadi lwefilosofi, ifilosofi, ifilosofi. Iiklasi zokuqala ezineCesarevich zenzeka ekuweni konyaka we-1826. Ngeli xesha, uZhukovsky walungiselela ilayibrari ukuya kwindlalifa ukuya kwitrone kwaye waqulunqa isicwangciso soqeqesho, ucwangciso losuku, elamkela ukumkani.
I-vasily andreevich iphendule igrama yaseRussia, i-physics, imbali yomntu, imbali kunye nejografi. Izifundo ezakhokelela abanye ootitshala bezingakhathalelwanga kwi-zhukovsky. Umbhali wanika abafundi iingcebiso ngootitshala, hayi indlela efanelekileyo yokufundisa enye okanye enye into. I-vasily andreevich ifuna ukubona itrone yaseRussia yoKumkani ofundileyo, ngoko ke inkundla imema izazinzulu. UZhukovsky wayenombono walo womlawuli ozayo. I-Cesarevich kufuneka ilwele imfundo, kodwa ayinakwenzeka ukulibala malunga nengqondo.
"Apho umlawuli ethanda isibonelelo sikazwelonke, apho abantu bawuthanda khona umthetho womlawuli," watsho uVasile Andreevich.Kwisithuba seminyaka eli-12, umcebisi waqeqesha indlalifa kwitrone, kodwa kuphela xa uKeserevich waba ngabantu abadala, sebenza ngokusemthethweni enkundleni ukuba uZhukovsky uphelile. I-Goodbye, iPrince Alexander yafumana isipho esivela kuTitshala - "ukuhamba kwemfundo". Umlawuli wexesha elizayo, kunye noZhukovsky, waqhubeka nohambo lokuya kwizixeko zaseRashiya nakwilizwe laseNtshona Yurophu.
I-vasily andrevich ngokuzimela yenze indlela, ngexesha lohambo lwe-Zalsvich yadibana nemeko yakhe. Okwangoku, ngo-1841, ubudlelwane benkundla yasebukhosini kunye ne-Zhukovsky babalekelwa ukuya kumda. Umbhali wafumana ukurhoxa waya eJamani.
Ubomi Buqu
Kwiminyaka engama-56 ubudala, uVasily Zhukovsky wadibana noElizabhete oneminyaka eli-17 ubudala evrafa Reit. Ekuqaleni, umbhali wothando wathandana nentombazana esencinci, kodwa uBawo owayelimihlobo yeVasintich, evakalisa uqhankqalazo emtshatweni. UZhukovsky wayengafuni ukubuyela umva, emva konyaka kamva wenza umnikelo uElizabhete. Inenekazi linike impendulo entle.
Ngo-1841, isigqibo somanyano sabanjwa eDusseldorf. Ngelishwa, umtshato wawungekho lula. U-Elizabeth wayehlala egula, wayenomdla wokuqhekeka kolwaphulo-mthetho. Impazamo engaqhelekanga ayivumeli iphupha likaZhukovsky malunga nabantwana. Kodwa unyaka emva komtshato, i-ALEXANDRER YINTSAYIBHI Emva kweminyaka emithathu, inkwenkwe kaPawulos. Ngenxa yokuzithoba komlingane, indoda esele ikhulile kwafuneka ithathe yonke imisebenzi ejikeleze indlu kunye nokukhuliswa kwabantwana.
Oonyana bakaZhukovsky khange baba ngababhali. UAlexander Vasneevna wayequka kumtshato wesixhaso onesiPhrinti uAlexei Alekseich, kodwa kamva kwaqhekezwa umanyano. UZhukovskaya wamzisa nonyana odwa. Emva kwexesha, intombazana yatshata noBirona yaza yaba yicarofa yeVerman.
Malunga nePavel Vasneevich iyazi kakhulu. Ibrashi yomculi iya kungeniswa, kodwa i-canvas yayingeyiyo kuphela inkanuko yoNyana uZhukovsky. Le ndoda yaba ngumqalisi wombutho wemyuziyam ye-Bellev, yaqulunqa ukwakhiwa kweprojekthi yemyuziyam yobugcisa obuhle eMoscow.
Ukufa
Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky ixesha elide lihlala eBesiden-Baden. Ngo-1851, esi sifo sayeza kuye. Iliso elinye lombhali liye layeka ukubona, ke uMdali wacetyiswa ukuba uchithe ixesha elingakumbi kwigumbi elimnyama. Phezu kwazo nje iingxaki zempilo, i-vasily andredich yayifuna ukubuyela kwilizwe lakhe - ukuya eRussia. Ixhaswe kulo mbhali Chaadaev kunye neGogol.
NgoJulayi 14, 1851, intsapho yeZhukovsky yayikukuhamba endleleni, kodwa oku akuzange kwenzeke, kuba indoda yayineliso emehlweni akhe. Ndibodwa ukubhala kwaye ndifunde i-vasily andreevich ayikwazanga. Umbhali wanceda iqabane kunye ne-valet. Imeko yempilo kaZhukovsky yayisiso esonakeleyo ngokukhawuleza, ngoko ke uMbhali weMibongo kunye neBallares ebuza ukuba eze eBigen Vymeshkyky.
Ekugqibeleni, kukho ikhefu lokwahlukana nobufazi emva kokufa kweGogol. Kwaye nge-12 ka-Epreli, 1852, akazange abe ngumbhali ngokwakhe. Umbhali wentsomi "kwi-Tsar Berendei" kwaye "ulele Tsarevna" wangcwatyelwa kwikhalweni elikhethekileyo, ezindongeni zemifanekiso yakhe. Ukwazi uthando lombhali eRussia, ngo-Agasti 1852, i-Caperine ithuthsa uthuli lwe-zhukovsky ukuya kwi-petersburg. Ngoku ingcwaba lembongi, umguquleli kunye notitshala bakwimimandla yaseTikvin ye-Alexander Nevsky Lavra, hayi kude ne-mogile n.
I-Bibliography
- I-1808 - "LYMUDMILA"
- Ngo-1812 - Svetlana
- 1818 - "Tsal Tsar"
- I-1822 - "Ulwandle"
- 1825-1831 - "Ikomityi"
- I-1831 - "I-Tsarevna"
- Ngo-1831 - "Malunga ne-Tsar Berende"
- I-1845 - "kwi-Ivan Tsarevich kunye ne-vuza engwevu"
- 1851 - "Ikati kunye nebhokhwe"
- 1851 - "Intaka"