Biography
UMichelangeyolo Murisi da Caravaggio ngumculi wase-Italian wase-Itali, umbhali wepeyinti yenkolo. Ubukhulu becala batsala abafana. Imisebenzi yombhali iboniswa ngeyona meko ilungileyo yehlabathi - iuffizi, Hermitage, iMetropolitan Museum, Louvre, Prado.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Kwenye yeembombo ze-Itali, umculi wexesha elizayo uMichelangelo Murisi da Caravaggio wazalelwa phantsi kwe-Lombardy ngo-1571. Abaphandi abakwazanga ukumisela indawo ngqo kunye nomhla wokuzalwa, kwaye iingxelo ezibhaliweyo azigcinwanga. Mhlawumbi uMdali wazalelwa eMilan okanye kufutshane naye - ukuya kwiCaravaggio.
UMichelange waba ngunyana olizibulo kwintsapho yakhe. Umculi wayenabantakwabo abathathu kunye nodade oselula. UCaravaggio wayephila ngokungalunganga, njengoko uBawo wayenomvuzo omnandi kunye nemfundo yokwakha.
Kwiminyaka emihlanu emva kokuzalwa kukaCaravaggio, isibetho esinesibetho esisibetho eMilan. Kuyenzeka ukuba kuthintelwe usulelo kuphela ngoncedo lokufudukela kwelinye isixeko. Kodwa ayincedi. Kunyaka kamva, emva kokugula okude, intloko yentsapho iswelekile. Eli xesha le-caravaggio lalingekho lula.
Kwibhayiloji yomculi amabala amhlophe amabala amhlophe. Idatha ngeminyaka eyi-8 yobomi uMichelangelo emva kokusweleka kukataka kaBanalu kwimpukane. Kuyaziwa ukuba umfana oneminyaka eli-1584 waya kufunda eMilancanCan Simone Petersano. Emva kokuphumelela ikhosi, iqela le-caravaggio kwafuneka linike isihloko somculi, kodwa iziqinisekiso ezisemthethweni zale nyaniso azigcinwanga.
Ngo-1592, uCaravaggio waqubisana novavanyo olutsha-ukuphulukana kukamama. Ilifa lahlulwahlulwa yangamacandelo alinganayo phakathi kwabantwana. Ngenxa yezi mali, uMichelangelo wakwazi ukuya eRoma. Umculi weva umntu onesimilo, wayehlala ebandakanyeka emfazweni, waya ejele.
Ukupeyinta
Iminyaka yokuqala yobomi eRoma yayingalulanga kwiCaravaggio. Umculi oselula onobunzima unokufumana ukutya kunye nezindlu, kodwa wabuyela kuye. I-Trendy ngelo xesha, umzobo waseCesari D'Arino wamkele i-michelangelo kwiposti yomncedisi kwindibano yocweyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uMdali ongaziwayo owenziwe uncedise ekuthiyeni kwepeyinti ye-D'ARPIN. Ngelixa usebenza kumasifundisane, umbhali wenza imisebenzi "inkwenkwe enebhasikithi yesiqhamo" kunye "ne-wakm encinci".
Kungekudala uFrancescoAl Francesco Maria uDel kaMonte waba ngumxhasi weCaravaggio. Umzobi wafumana ukufikelela kuluntu oluyindalo lwaseRoma. Ngombulelo, uMichelangel wanika i-cadinal umfanekiso wakhe obhaliweyo 'kwibhasikithi yeziqhamo ", kwaye emva koko imisebenzi embalwa-" Butter "kunye" ne-vakh ".
Ngeli xesha, iMisebenzi embalwa Faka uluhlu lweLifa leMveli leHlabathi ukusuka phantsi kwebrashi karavago. Le 'yethamsanqa "," i-Amur-Winner "," uNarcissa ". Amehlo omzobi avela kumkhombandlela omtsha - "ukucoceka" kusekhona ubomi kunye "ne-adventurism" kwipeyinti. Abalandeli bakaMichelangele bahlala bezisebenzisa kwimisebenzi.
I-caravaggio idla ngokuhlala kwizihloko zenkolo. Ukususela kwiMisebenzi yokuqala Ungawabela "uMarko oyiNgcwele othetha noMaria Magalina", "ungcwele ka-Ststalene", "uJerith no-Manith no-Ispanith no-Ispaferne", "u-Abraham Mbingelelwa ".
Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XIRE, iCaravaggio yabhala imijikelezo emibini yokupeyinta ichaza ngobomi babapostile. Eminye imisebenzi idluliselwe kwiCawa yaseSan Luigi Dei deise, eRoma. Oku kupeyinta banikelwe kumpostile uMateyu. Kule misebenzi mibini sele ifikelele kolu suku - "Ukubulawa kukampostile uMateyu" kunye "nenqanaba lompostile uMateyu".
I-capella ezimbini kwiCawe yaseSanta Maria del Popolo eRoma ikwahonjiswe ngemisebenzi yeCaravaggio. Apha yayikukubethelelwa emnqamlezweni wompostile uPetros "kunye" nomtsalane kaSavla. " Intsebenziswano nezindlu zenkolo zithathe ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo. Sele kwinkulungwane ye-Xvisi, ipeyinti "isikhundla kwibhokisi", "Madonna di Loreto" kunye "neNgxowa-mali kaMariya" yavela. Imisebenzi yayimiselwa kwiicawa ze-Sant i-Adstino kunye neSanta Maria-in-Vantella.
Iminyaka embalwa yokugqibela yobomi uMichelangelo Caravaggio yahlukumeza, izama ukuphepha ukohlwaywa. Kwimigaqo yokuyila, eli xesha lalityebile kwimisebenzi yobugcisa. Ngeli xesha, i-caravaggio ibonakale ipeyinti yesibingelelo "Madonna Rarionary", "imicimbi yesayensi yesayensi", "uBecheling kaKristu". Umculi wabo wabhala iNaples.
Ukuba seMalta, uCaravagragio wadala "ingcwele jerome" kunye "nentloko yentloko kaYohane umbhaptizi." ESisily, ukusuka phantsi kwebrashi ye-maestro, "ukungcwatywa kokuzala kwenziwe", "ukuvuswa kukaLazaro", "kunqula abalusi". Ekutshoneni kwelanga, uMichelangelo ubhala umfanekiso "uDavide wasentloko kaGoliyati". Umsebenzi ngokuthatha isigqibo ngumzobo wobuntu.
Kwigalari yesizwe yaseLondon, enye yezinto zokuqala zomculi ichazwe ngoku- "inkwenkwe, idityaniswe yi-lizard." Umbhali wabhala umfanekiso kwiinguqulelo ezimbini. Ababhali-mbali basetyhini basengaxoxa ababoniswe kwi-canvas. Kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini: i-caravaggio okanye i-maefisi ngokwakhe.
Kwigalari yaseDoria Pamfili kukho omnye umsebenzi wokuqala womculi - "ukubaleka uMarina Magdalene." Lo ngumfanekiso onqabileyo apho intombazana isencinci iboniswa khona. I-Caravaggio ingqwalaselo ekhethekileyo yahlawulwa kwiinkcukacha: Ngaphantsi komgangatho obekekileyo, yijagi enento esele, iipateni ezinxitywe.
Kwi-UFFIZA, unokujonga umsebenzi onomdla weMichelangelo. Umfanekiso "uMedusa" wadalwa kwi-canvas ye-canvas yomthi. Lo mda wadalwa ngokukodwa i-Carsinal Francesco delco del, owayefuna ukwenza isipho Ferdinand i, Mkhulu Duke Tescan.
Umfanekiso "umBhaptizi" ugcinwe kwi-Tedilsky Catdral. Umfana oselula ubonakaliswa kwi-canvas. Kukho amarhe omzimba omninzi malunga nalo msebenzi. Ababhali-mbali besikholelwa ukuba ububhali baba ngomnye wabalandeli beCaravaggio. Abanye bathi umfanekiso wabhalwa nguMichelandlongela ngokuthe ngqo i-ablot yesibhedlele.
KwiGalari yesizwe yaseIreland, umfanekiso "Kuka uYuda". Umsebenzi usekwe ekungenisweni kwe-caravaggio malunga nemihla yokugqibela yobomi bukaYesu Krestu. Ibali elikhutheleyo liqhagamshelwe kule web. Iphelile ukuba ikopi yomfanekiso yayimelwe eOdessa, emva kokuba ibiwe. Okwangoku, i-lolona lwantla liseIreland unanamhla.
Kwigalari yeBorglese, e-Roma, unokuqhelana nomsebenzi omnye uMichelangelo Caravaggio - "Madonna ngomntwana kunye neSt. Anna". Abafazi ababini kunye nomntwana bazisiwe kwi-canvas. Iifoto zepeyinti ezininzi ze-caravaggio zibekwe kwii-albhas ezizodwa ezinikezelwe kubugcisa behlabathi.
Ubomi Buqu
UMichelangelo caravaggio wayengatshatanga. Kwangelo xesha, le ndoda ithanda ukuzoba amakhwenkwe athembekileyo, hayi abafazi. Oku kukhokelele kwinto yokuba abaninzi baqalisa ukubamba umzoci babe ngabameli boqhelwaniso lwemveli. Kwaye kwi-XX yenkulungwane, uCaravaggio wade wabizwa ngokuba yi-geay icon. Ubungqina obusemthethweni bele nyaniso abufumaneki.
Ngo-1986, ndabona ukukhanya kwefilimu "caravaggio", apho bathetha khona malunga nokuqhelaniswa nezesondo ngokungaqhelekanga kweMichelangelo. I-Artist ithandekayo idlale iBritane Astor Sean Bean. Le yindima yakhe yokuqala yoluhlobo.
Ukufa
E-Itali, uMichelangelo Caravaggio uyaziwa ngobuchule, obangele imbambano kunye nezityholo eluntwini. Ngelishwa, akazange abengezeleni kuphela, kodwa nangokuziphatha. Lowo uqobo udlulisa ulwaphulo-mthetho rhoqo uMthetho kwaye wawusekupheleni kwento entolongweni. I-caravaggio yayingenamvume yokuphatha izixhobo ezibandayo, kodwa umzobi akazange ayeke.
UMichelangel waphosa itreyi kumlindi, waphula iglasi kwindlu yomnye umntu. Yayidiniwe kukugada, ngoko ke umculi wavalelwa entolongweni. Kwaye ngonyaka ka-1606 indoda yabulala umntu. Intlungu yenzekile ngelixa idlala ibhola. Ukuze ungabemi emva kwemivalo, uCaravaggio wabaleka. Iminyaka emi-4 edlulileyo yobomi, uMbhali weminyaka yobugcisa yeHlabathi ichithe ekuthinjweni.
UMichelangelo wayenethemba lokuba uxole, wayezimela kufutshane neRoma, kodwa kamva waya eNaples. Yayikuluhlu lokuhamba ngeMalta. Kwisiqithi somculi esinikezelwe kwii-knights zokufaneleka phambi komyalelo we-maltese. Kodwa kwakhona wabonisa umlinganiswa ongathintelwanga kwaye wangena kumlo. Ngapha koko, iqela elichasayo leCaravaggio laba ngumcebisi ophezulu kumyalelo. Kungekudala umculi wakwazi ukubaleka entolongweni entlukweni.
Ingozi evela kubasemagunyeni base-Italiyane, kodwa umntu omtsha wabona abameli be-odolo. Ngo-1609, uMichelangelo wakwazisa ukubaleka kubo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye wabandezeleka. Abasukeli bagxotha ubuso bomculi. Emva kwexesha, uCaravagragio wayephinda entolongweni, kodwa ngempazamo. Ukufa kukaMdali kwawa ngoJulayi 18, 1610. UMichelangelo wasweleka eMalariya. Umculi omkhulu wayeneminyaka engama-39 ubudala.
UMichelangelo Caravaggio wangcwatywa kwingcwaba leqela. Emva kwexesha, iintsalela zamadoda. Umxholo okhokelayo emathanjeni phesheya ukuba ungagqitha izihlandlo ezininzi. Qaphela ukuba ngezo ntsuku le nqaku yongezwa kwipende. Mhlawumbi ayingafumani malalia yabulala umculi, kodwa umsebenzi.
Sebenza
- 1593 - "Ulutsha olunebhasikithi yeziqhamo"
- I-1595 - "Iimvumi"
- I-1596 - "inkwenkwe eboniswe yi-lizard"
- I-1597 - "I-Magdalene"
- I-1597 - "UMEDASA"
- I-1598 - "uJudith no-Olorn"
- I-1599 - "narcissus"
- 1600 - "MARYREMONOM YAMA-MATE
- 1601 - "Ukubethelelwa emnqamlezweni kweSt Peter"
- I-1602 - ophumeleleyo
- 1603 - "Umngcwabo woKristu"
- I-1604 - "UYOHANE UMBUTHO"
- I-1605 - "I-Prorait kaPopu Paul V"
- I-1606 - "uMaria Magdalene kwi-ecstasy"
- 1607 - "Izenzo ezisixhenxe zenceba"
- 1608 - "Ukucekiselwa kukaYohane umBhaptizi"
- Ngo-1609 - "U-Lazaro Exibethekayo"
- 1610 - "UDavid wasentlokweni kaGoliyati"