Biography
I-Konstantin Simonov ngumbhali odumileyo, imbongi kunye nentatheli. Imisebenzi yakhe ebhalwe ngexesha leMfazwe yayingenguye nje obonakalayo wokwenyani, kodwa nohlobo lokuthandaza. Umzekelo, lo mbongo "undilinde", owaba ngu-1941 kwaye wanikezela kwi-valentine ye-valentine, ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje inika ithemba lamajoni athumela kwidabi. Kwakhona, ukuhlakuzwa kononcwadi kwaziwa ngemisebenzi "yokumbulala", "amajoni awazalwa", "hlalani kwaye afe" kunye nenye indalo emangalisayo nebuthathaka.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Ngosuku lwekwindla olubandayo esixekweni kwi-neva, eyayidla ngokuba yi-petrograd, ngoNovemba i-28115 kwiqabane le-MABAFICOV VIIDLOVVIDKI OOBEALKI-Ebizwa ngokuba yi-Cyril .
I-cyril ligama lolimi, kodwa ngenxa yokuba i-Simonov Karvil ayizange ibize isimo esiqinileyo "L", waqala wabiza uKonstantin, kodwa umama wombhali akazange ayamkele i-punestanym yembewu yakhe, ngenxa yoko yena Ihlala ibizwa ngokuba ngunyana ngokuthambile yi-kirysuska.
Inkwenkwe yakhula yaza yavela ngaphandle kotata wakhe, kuba, njengebhayiloji, equlunqwe nguAlexey Simonov, umkhondo wakhe waphulukana ne-poland ngo-1922: oyena mntu uphathileyo kwiNdlu yeHlabathi. Kwaye ke, iinkumbulo zeKonstantin Mikhailovich zinxulumene notata onakhiwene kunaye utata wakhe.
Ukukhangela ubomi obungcono, umama wombhali wexesha elizayo, kunye nonyana wakhe, apho wadibana noAlexander, owayesebenza njengengcali yomkhosi, kwaye kamva wakhokelela umkhosi obomvu wabasebenzi. Kuyaziwa ukuba ubuhlobo obunobuhlobo obunobuhlobo buvela phakathi kweqabane lakho elitsha le-Obolensk kunye nokuthambisa kwakhe.
Ngelixa intloko yentsapho yayisemsebenzini, uAlexander walungisa izidlo kunye nezidlo zaphikisana, ekhokelele kwikhaya waza wazisa i-iConstantine. UPriser ukhumbule ukuba abazali bakhe babedla ngokuxoxa bezopolitiko, kodwa zonke ezi zincoko iKyonstantich Mikhailovich azikhumbuli. Kodwa xa intloko yentsapho yangena kwiSikolo saseRyazan kwiSikolo saseRyazan kwiCotant, usapho luye lwalawula uluvo olubi malunga ne-trotsky, ngakumbi, abantu abadala bagxeka kwi-Fluff nothuli lwemisebenzi yakhe njengeziyobisi.
Emva koko le posi yathatyathwa nguGranze, owadibana kakuhle, kodwa amaqhinga oMlandeli wakhe - uVororilov - akazange athande umakhethe utata weConstantine. Umbhali uyakukhumbula ukuba iindaba zokufa kukaVladimir Illich yayisisisothuso esinzulu sosapho, kukho iinyembezi nabazali bakhe, kodwa ke beza kuthatha indawo ye-rotskyism, abazalisekanga ngelo xesha.
Xa inkwenkwe yayineminyaka eli-12 ubudala, kwinkumbulo yakhe yathobela umsitho owawukhunjulwa de kuphele ubomi bakhe. Inyani yile yokuba i-Simonov ijongene nengqondo ye-protos (eyayikho kuphela ihlumelo lokuqala) kwaye ngenyameko, ibuyela endlwini yento etyeliweyo, ibukele into yokukhangela kwindoda endala .
"... Indoda endala, igungxule eludongeni, isiqingatha sihamba phezu kwebhedi, saqhubeka nokuzigxeka esihlalweni saza sajonga kuyo yonke le nto ... emphefumlweni kodwa Isimanga esimangalisayo: Ndidibene nento ebonakala ingadityaniswanga nobomi obuhlala kuyo iintsapho zethu ..., "Konstantin Mikilovich ukhumbula eziGunyazile.Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ebuntwaneni umbhali wexesha elizayo akazange abotshelelwe kwindawo ethile, ngenxa yokuba ngenxa yomsebenzi othile, intsapho yafudukela kwiindawo ngeendawo. Ngenxa yoko, ulutsha lombhali lwalugqithile kwiidolophu zasemkhosini nakwiihostele zomphathi. Ngokuzenzekelayo, uKonstantin Mikhailovich uphumelele kwiindidi ezisixhenxe zesikolo sasesekondari, emva koko, owayenomdla wokwakhiwa kwezentlalo, wakhetha indlela esebenzayo.
Ukukhetha komfana wawa esikolweni sokufundiswa kwefektri, apho wafunda khona umsebenzi weTokar. Kwibhayoloji ye-Konstantin Mikhailovich Kwakukho neentsuku ezingenazintsuku. Utata wakhe wesibini wabanjwa okwethutyana, emva koko wagxothwa eofisini. Ke ngoko, usapho lwandiswa ezindlwini lphantse lwahlala ngaphandle kwempilo.
Ngo-1931, uSimonov, kunye nabazali babo, bafudukela eMoscow, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba asebenze kwisinyithi ukuya kwisinyithi kwimveliso yaseSaratov. Ngokuhambelana nale nto, uKonstantin Mikhailovich ufumene imfundo kwiZiko loNqalo elibizwa ngegama le-maxim gork, apho waqala ukuwubonisa amandla okudala. Emva kokuba efumene idiploma, i-Konstantin Mikhailovich yamkelwe kwisikolo se-Moscow seZiko leFinosofi, uncwadi nembali ebhalwe emva koNukrelekskyky.
Imfazwe
USimonov wabizelwa kwinkonzo emkhosini, apho wakhonza njengembambano yomkhosi ngaphambi kwe-vnylav mikhailovich molotov ihlasela irediyo ye-Adolf Rethar. Le ndoda ithunyelwa ukuba ibhale amanqaku malunga nemilo kwi-Khalchin-Injongo ye-Khalchin - impikiswano yasekhaya phakathi koBukhosi baseJapan kunye noManzhou. Kwakulapho i-Simonov eyazi i-George Zhukov, eyafumana igama lesidlaliso labantu.
Kwisikolo sikaDiselela, umbhali akazange abuye. Xa kwaqala iMfazwe Yezwe Ezinkulu, uSimonov wangena kwimikhosi ebomvu kwaye epapashwe kumaphephandaba "izevestia", "I-Ratmat Bhaner" kunye "nenkwenkwezi ebomvu".
Ngesibindi sabo, isibindi, umbhali otyelele onke amasele waza wabona ilizwe lasePoland, iRomania, eJamani kunye namanye amazwe, ladlula indlela ukusuka kumkomishina omkhulu we-batilion ukuya kwi-colonelion. I-Constantine Mikhailovich yimbasa yeCaucasus ", ukulandelelana kweMfazwe yeTheication yenqanaba lokuqala, imbasa" yokhuselo lweMoscow ", njl.
Uncwadi
Indoda eyabona izinto ezoyikisayo ezenzekayo ngexesha lemfazwe yokuthand 'izwe zaziphethe ezi nkumbulo njengokutsala nzima ubomi bakhe bonke. Ke ngoko, ayimangalisi into yokuba iziganeko ezinegazi zika-1941 ukuya kwe-2945 zaba yimvelaphi yobuchule, kuba abantu bafuna ukwabelana nabanye ngezinto ababeza kusinda, kwaye uKonstantin Minonov - akukho ngaphandle. Umxholo ophambili wemisebenzi yawo, njengoVasil Bkov, yimfazwe.
Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-simonov ngumbhali wehlabathi. Inkonzo yayo idweliswa zombini amabali amancinci kunye namabali nemibongo, imibongo, imidlalo kunye neenoveli zizonke. Ngokutsho kwamarhe, i-wizard yaqalisa ukufunda ukubhala ebutsheni, ukuhlala ebhentshini kwi-Bench yeDyunivesithi.
Emva kwemfazwe, uKonstantin Mikhailovich wasebenza njengomhleli wemagazini, ihlabathi elitsha ", yayikuhambo oluninzi lweshishini, ubukele ubuhle beli lizwe kwaye wahamba eMelika naseChina. I-Simonov ukusuka ngo-1950 ukuya ku-1953 yayikwisithuba somhleli oyintloko wephepha lephepha loncwadi.
Kuyaziwa ukuba emva kokubulawa kukaJoseph Stalin, uKonstantin Mikhailovich wabhala inqaku apho wabiza khona bonke ababhali ukuba babonakalise ubuntu bakoinismusmus babhala ngendima yakhe engokwezilwanyana. Nangona kunjalo, esi sicelo saqokiswa kwi-bayot Nikita se-seriye ye-sergeyevich khrushchevchev, engabelani ngombono wombhali. Ke ngoko, ngokulandelelana konobhala wokuqala wekomiti ephambili yeCPU Simonov, yathunyelwa kwisikhundla.
Kufanelekile ukuthi i-Konstantin Mikhailovich ithathe inxaxheba kumlo wokulwa noMaleko oQtyeleyo. Ngamanye amagama, umbhali akazange abe novelwano ngoogxa bakhe kumasifundisane - uAnna Akhmatova, uMikhail Zoshchenhentotsyn. I-Boris i-Pinap iphantsi yaphantsi kwaye i-boris isuphando, eyabhala "imibhalo" engeyiyo ".
Ngo-1952, uKonstantin Simonov uphume kwigama elithi "iingalo", kwaye emva kweminyaka esixhenxe umbhali wencwadi "ophilayo wakhulelwa kwi-trilogy. Inxalenye yesibini yashicilelwa ngo-1962, kunye nesithathu - ngo-1971. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ivolumu yokuqala iphantse yafana nedayari yombhali.
Icebo le-Epopea laseRoma isekwe kwimisitho eyenzekileyo ngexesha lemfazwe, ukusukela ngo-1941 ukuya ku-1944. Kungathi i-Konstantin Mikhailovich ichaze into awayibonayo ngamehlo akhe, i-ackestic yongeza umsebenzi wezemifanekiso kunye nenye intetho.
Ngo-1964, umlawuli odumileyo u-Alexander Tsper wawubeka lo msebenzi kwizikrini zeTV, isusa imovie igama elifanayo. Indima ephambili yenziwa ngu-Kirill Lavrov, Anatoly Papanov, Alexey Glazerin, Oleg Efremov, Oleg Tabakov kunye nabanye abadlali abadumileyo.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, uKonstantin Mikhailovich waguqulelwa kwiRussia imibhalo yeReddard Kipling, umbhali wencwadi ye-Azerbaijani, kunye ne-Uzbek Umbhali we-Uzbek Kakhar.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi bobuqu be-Konstantin mikhailovich i-Simonov inokusebenza njengesiseko senoveli yonke, kuba i-biography yalo mntu ityebile kwimisitho. Inkosi yokuqala yombhali yayingumbhali uNatalia Ginzburg, olwaluhlala luhleli. I-Konstantin Mifunailovich inikezelwe kwi-Konstantin yakhe ithandekayo i-Konstantin Mikhailovich, kodwa ubudlelwane bobuntu obubini bokuyila bube ne-fiasco.
Intloko elandelayo kaSimonov yaba yi-Evgenia Laskin, eyanika umbhali wonyana ka-Alexei (1939). I-Laskin - i-filogist yemfundo-yayisebenza njengomhleli wokubhaliweyo, kwaye yayingulowo wapapasha ngo-1960 inoveli yenoveli yase-Aikhail Bulgakov "Inkosi neMargarita".
Kodwa obu budlelwane bahlulwa kwimithi, kuba, ngaphandle kokuzalwa konyana omncinci, uKonstantin Mikhailovich wangena kwithabatho inoveli nge-valention valentina serovoy, odlalayo kwi-fielmus ye "(1941) I-Glinka "(1946)," Iqela lokungafiyo "(1956) kunye nezinye iipeyinti. Intombazana yaseMaria (1950) yavela kulo mtshato. Umdlali ophefumlelwe nguImonov kubuchule bokudala kwaye yimyuziyam yakhe. Ndiyabulela kuye, uKonstantin Mikhailovich wakhulula imisebenzi emininzi, enjengomdlalo "Guy kwisixeko sethu".
Ngokutsho kwamarhe, uValentina wagcina umbhali uIvan Bunge ukusuka ekufeni. Kuthetha ukuba uKonstantin Mikhailovich waya kwikomkhulu laseFrance ngo-1946, apho u-Ivan Alekseevich yayiza kuphembelwa kwilizwe lakhe. Nangona kunjalo, ngasese efihlakeleyo ngomyeni wakhe, intanda yakhe ixelele iBunin ngasese malunga nento awayeyilinde e-USSR. Izazinzulu ziye zasilela ukubonisa ukuchaneka kweli bali, kodwa iValentine ayisahambi kwihambo edibeneyo nomyeni wakhe.
Ngethamsanqa okanye ukuzisola, iValentina Serov kunye ne-Konstantin Simonov yaqhekeza ngo-1950. Kuyaziwa ukuba umfazi wangaphambili wombhali wasweleka kwi-1975 kwiimeko ezingachazwanga. Umbhali uthunyelwe kwibhokisi yomfazi awayehlala kuyo iminyaka eli-15, i-romeet ye roses ezibomvu ezingama-58.
Umbhali-mbali wase-Aryova u-Lhadova, owathi, ngokutsho kwe-Reandonnik, yayiyintombazana enzima neyasezandleni zesazela, isithandwa sesazela kubomi bukaSimonov. I-LALISA yazisa iqabane lakhe kwi-Alexander (1957), kwaye intombi yakhuswa endlwini kumtshato wokuqala we-larsa kunye nembongi yembewu yembewu yaseGudseenko - i-Catherine.
Ukufa
UKonstantin Simonov wasweleka eMoscow ngehlobo lowe-1978. Unobangela wokufa uye waba sisisu esibuhlungu somphunga. Umzimba wembongi kunye ne-prosauika yayitshisiwe, nothuli lwaKho (ngokokwenza uthuli) igxothwe kwintsimi ye-Baineynsky - indawo ekhoyo yeSikhumbuzo esikwisixeko saseMogelev.I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1952 - "iingalo"
- Ngo-1952 - "Imibongo kunye nemibongo"
- Ngo-1956-1961 - emisemi esezantsi
- Ngo-1959 - "Phila Nifa"
- Ngo-1964 - "Amajoni awazalwa"
- Ngo-1966 - "Konstantin Simonov. Iqokele imisebenzi kwimitha emithandathu "
- Ngo-1971 - "ihlobo elidlulileyo"
- Ngo-1975 - "Konstantin Simonov. Imibongo "
- Ngo-1985 - "Sophia Leonidovna"
- Ngo-1987 - "okwesithathu"