Biography
Ubomi bonke, umsunguli womsunguli wemifanekiso uEdward Mana, abakhululi bepeyintikile kwimingxunya yemigangatho yemfundo yagxekwa. Abantu ababephila ngexesha eliphakathi kunye nolondolozo lwemigangatho eyamkelekileyo ngokubanzi, bancothule imisebenzi ebhalwe ngokungqinelana neekomitha zobugcisa, ezazama ukuzisa into entsha kubugcisa.
Ngenxa yokuba abaphulaphuli bengazange bayiqonde kwaye bengayiyamkelanga imisebenzi ebonisa imbali, umboniso wokuqala osemthethweni waseMana, ekwakho kwi-pissar calirro, ePierre Renoir, UPaul Cenzanne, uFrederick wasill nase-Edgar Degada, ophawulwe kukungaphumeleli.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
NgoJanuwari 23, 1832 eParis, iNtloko yeCandelo loMphathiswa Wezobulungisa Augustea Mane nomfazi wakhe uEzhiti-Dezir wazalwa unyana, owazalwa nguEaary. Abazali bomxholo onomdla babenethemba lokuba i-choo ayithandayo i-choo iya kufumana imfundo esemthethweni kwaye inokwenza umsebenzi obalaseleyo wegosa eliqaqambileyo.
Ngo-1839, bayeka ipension ye-abbot pusu. Ngenxa yokungakhathalelwa ngokupheleleyo esikolweni, i-Auguste yaguqulela indlalifa kwiKholeji yaseRollen, awayefunda ngalo kwi-1844 ukuya kwi-1848. Ngaphandle komnqweno omkhulu wokuba ne-Mane ukuba ube ngumgibi, utata wayechasene noNyana, ephule isiko losapho, umsebenzi ozimiseleyo okhethiweyo ukuzenza ngokwakho.
Akukaziwa ukuba kusenziwa njani ikamva lempembelelo ye-DEMONT-Edmont-Eduard, ababonayo e-Eduard, ababengabhatali umtshana, ukuba batyelele ikhosi yokupeyinta, apho inkwenkwe ihambe khona emva kwesikolo esikolweni.
Ngenxa yemigangatho yemfundo, eyokuchitha imifanekiso enesiseko sathiise isiseko sesazisi somzobo wobugcisa, izifundo azizange zibangele umdla kwiMana. Ukukhuphela imizobo ye-gypsim wayekhetha ukuzoba imifanekiso yamaqabane akhe.
Ukuqonda ukuba uNyana, nokuba usoyika ukufa, akazukuqhagamshela ubomi kwinkonzo yaseRutin, i-Auguste ukhethe amancinci anomsindo, evumela inzala ukuba aye ekuhambeni. NgoDisemba 1848, u-Eduard njengehlathi lwaya kwinqanawa. Ukuhamba ngaphesheya kweAtlantiki kwaye uhlale eRio de Janeiro wajika imilenze yakhe.
Uzalelwe phantsi kweSows Sky yeParis kwaye wakhulela kwindawo yeBourgeois, lo mntu wafumanisa ubuhle bendawo enelanga kunye nokudakumba kweepeyinti zenyani. UMana waqonda ukuba ufuna ukuba ufumana ubuchule bokudluliselwa ebomini bokwenyani kwi-canvas. Xa i-13 kaJuni, ngo-1849, umfana ongumntu oqaqambileyo wangena elunxwemeni lwaseFransi, isutikheyisi yakhe yendlela yayikuphazamiseka ngeeskets zepensile.
Emva kwenqanawa, ukusuka kwi-1850 ukuya kwi-1856 wafunda umzobo kwindibano yocweyo ethandwayo ngelo xesha lomculi kaTom Kutur. Nangona kunjalo, kule misebenzi, inkokeli enamandla yaboniswa ngokukhawuleza: Kunzima ukufumana into engaqondakaliyo kune-mana ukuba iphile i-cano yohlobo kunye nonqulo lwe-coures kunye ne-stanons yokutsala iikomini.
Ekuphela kwelungelo lokuba kukwindibano yocweyo lukaTom, ocinga ukuba abafundi bakhe bafundisise iinkosikazi, uMdali wepende "wafumanisa ukuba iValencia" yafumana ilifa le-classic. Ukushiya inkqubo yesikolo sobugcisa, uEdward oneminyaka engama-24 uye wazenza ngokwakho emfundo. Ukongeza kutyelelo oluthe rhoqo kwiLouvre, wayedla ngokuhamba kwiimyuziyam zase-Itali, eJamani, e-Austria, i-Holland, e-Spain, emva kokundwendwela i-novice, emva kwe-telasquez kunye ne-rembrandt.
Ukupeyinta
Ekuqaleni kwendlela yokuyila, wonke umculi onqwenela ukufumana ubunyani kufuneka abonakaliswe kwinkcazo yaseParis Academy yoBugcisa bePris. I-Mane ifikelele kwimizobo yakhe izihlandlo ezininzi ukuba iqwalaselwe i-jury, kodwa yayilondolozweni kakhulu ukubeka umsebenzi wakhe.
Ngo-1859, kunye nabahlobo, wazama ukubeka i-canvas yakhe kwi-salon emva kweminyaka emibini. Ke indalo yakhe "i-Amster Absinthe" yaliwa. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-1861, abagxeki bamkeleke kakuhle eminye imisebenzi emibini ye-Eduard - "umzobo wabazali" kunye "neGyutaro".
Kwiminyaka yokuqala yama-60s, iinjongo zaselwandle neSpanish zenziwa kwimisebenzi yaseMana ("Lola kwiVeloncia", "i-kisoja", "i-Spanicle", "i-Spanicle", "i-Plenuner Shan"), imixholo ye Imbali yale mihla ("Emperoror Maximilian ibulawa"), kunye neeplani zenkolo ("uKrestu ofileyo").
Ngo-1863, uMlawuli uLouis Napoleon wayalela imisebenzi eyalelweyo ye-salon esemthethweni kwi-palace yeshishini. Lo mboniso uhambelana ngokuhambelana wabizwa ngokuba "ngumhlaba walon". Iziko lokwenyani lokutsala lomtsalane yayingumfanekiso we-Eduard "kwingca".
Uye walandela "iOlympia", apho uMthowala weQuiz Meran wabonakaliswa emawele ebhedini.
Kwiminyaka elishumi elandelayo, uMane utyhile unxulumana nabantu abanamahlakani abukhali bokuyila amandla. Ubhale, intyatyambo isekhona kunye nemifanekiso emdlekweni. Ukuba isiganeko esibalulekileyo senzeka kwenye indawo, waya apho wayibonisa.
Kwimizuzu engama-70s, umzobo wadala imisebenzi eqaqambileyo: "Uloliwe", "esikhepheni" kunye "noArzte". Ukubonisa kweengcinga zakhe ezinzima eziphefumlelweyo zibhalwa ngo-1881 umfanekiso wokuzibulala.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-1849, uSusanna wavela kubomi bobugcisa. Ibhinqa apho umthendeleko wathandana ekuqaleni, wasebenza njengomfundisi-ntsapho kwaye wafundisa ileta encinci yokupeyinta kombhali "Nana" - i-Eugene (1833-184).
NgoJanuwari 1852, uSusanna wazala unyana, owabizwa ngokuba nguLeon. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ubuyeyona nto yayingachazwanga eMana, buthile. U-Edward waba nguThixo katata osanda kuzalwa. I-biographers efunda ubomi kunye nokuyila kombono ocacileyo, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, awunakunika impendulo echanekileyo malunga ne-roding leon nasekukweni.
Kweli nqaku, zimbini iithiyori ezimbini zaseburhulumenteni: Okokuqala ithi utata wenkwenkwe yayinguAuguste Mane, owabeka amehlo akhe kumfundisi-ntsapho oneminyaka engamashumi amabini ananye ngexesha lendlu yakhe. Abaxhasi benguqulo yesibini ibonisa ukuba uLeon ngunyana kaEduard, owayesoyika ukugwetywa aze akhawuleze afune ukuvuma.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ubudlelwane kunye no-Suzan Porraitist awuzange unikezele ngabantu de kube ngumtshato. Ngexesha leNoveli eyimfihlo, umbhalo ongena bukhule i-Irggy ye-Irgy yePiggy yakhe kunye namagama abhalwe kathathu.
Kuyaziwa ukuba umculi wayenomdla kummeli we-quiz meran. Intombazana ibambe i-perter ngobuhle bayo bendalo kunye nenyani yokuba ngenxa yobugcisa bayo bendalo, imifanekiso eguqulweyo ngokulula. Ibali labo lothando laphela xa umbuzo yayilikhoboka lotywala, kwaye kwakungekho mkhondo kumtsalane wakhe wangaphambili.
Emva kweminyaka eli-11 ukusuka ekuzalweni kukaLeon, nge-28, 1863, umntu oxineneyo otshatileyo. Emva komsitho womtshato, la manenekazi aqala ukuhlala kunye nendoda yakhe, unina nonyana wakhe baphantsi kophahla olufanayo.
Kuyaziwa ukuba i-manu Rhoqo watshintsha iqabane lakho, ngendlela, laliqonda ngokungxamisekileyo. Kwanangaphambi komtshato, abathandi baqukumbela isivumelwano esiyimfihlo omnye komnye: USusanna akazange acoce uphawu olukhethiweyo malunga neenoveli zakhe, kwaye ke abuyela ekhaya qho ngokuhlwa, eqhubeka nokudlala Indima yomyeni othembekileyo kunye notata onothando.
Ngo-1868, eLouvre, uMdali we-Orpied "iOlympia" kunye "nesidlo sakusasa engca" wadibana nomcubi we-rorit morizi. Kuchukunyiswe bubuhle bokuqala bomfazi, kwintlanganiso yokuqala wacela ukuba aphile.
Iyonke, uEdward ubhale ubuncinci be-10 yeempawu zeBerth ("i-Balcony", "i-portrait yaseBerth Morth Morth morizo nge-bowuquet", "Berta Mornizo nge fan"). Ngaphandle kokutsala umdla, akunakubakho nto ngaphandle kobuhlobo phakathi kwabo. Ngexesha lentlanganiso yabo, uMane wayenxulumene nomtshato we-Uzami. UBerta washiywa ukuba avumele amagqabaza awoyikayo kwiqabane lomculi kwaye aneliseke zixhaphake kakhulu ngenkalo ye-Eduard ukupeyinta.
Ukufa
Ngo-1879, i-Mane ivele iimpawu ezikhoyo ze-Itaxia - isifo, apho ulungelelwaniso lwentshukumo luphazamisekile ngenxa yesilonda sengqondo. Ukwamkelwa ngokusesikweni kukaEduard Wafumana unyaka ngaphambi kokuba afe. Nge-1882T, umbuhlungu wawugqiba kweyona misebenzi ibalulekileyo kwi-European ye-70s-80s yenkulungwane yokugqibela - "wawusikhupha i-foli-berger", awathi ngayo i-oda yomkhosi wozuko.
UManu wasweleka kwiintsuku ezilishumi elinanye emva kokunqunyulwa kweenyawo ze-gangrene echaphazelekayo nge-30 ka-Apreli 1883. Ingcwaba loMdali woMyinge obhalwe phantsi kwempembelelo kaFrança hals kunye ne-Diego Veelasquez, "umculo kwiTelery" - ekwindawo yokudlula eParis.
Kumsitho wokulukhula, ukongeza kwizalamane, izihlobo zabahlobo babekho - iClaude Monet, edgar Deesas kunye nePierre Donore.
Sebenza
- Ngo-1859 - "Inkwenkwe ESHERRESS"
- Ngo-1864 - "uMdyarho kwiLonzhan"
- I-1864 - "Sika iipenies ezimhlophe kunye nenqanaba lenqanaba"
- Ngo-1867 - "iOlympia"
- Ngo-1868 - "Emper Kingumilian
- I-1869 - "I-Balcony"
- Ngo-1874 - "Argent"
- Ngo-1874 - "I-seland ye-seine kufutshane neArzhantei"
- Ngo-1877 - "ukuzibulala"
- Ngo-1878 - "Cabaret Reichshiffniffefn"
- 1880 - "kwi-cafe shantnty"
- I-1882 - "bar eFli-Berger"
- 1881 - "Intwasahlobo"
- I-1882 - "I-PRORTRAIT yeMadume Michel Levi"
- I-1883 - "i-lilac bouquet"