Biography
Indlela ebumncinci wabantwana abancinci abayi-15 yenkosikazi yase-Austrian kwiKumkanikazi yaseFrance, eyaphela ngobomi kwi-cwadiolotine, uMaria-Antoinetta yenziwa kwiminyaka engama-38. Wabizwa ngokuba yi-voir rococo kunye ne-madame deficit.
Icacisiwe ekuthatheni izinto ezininzi zefashoni, uninzi lwazo lwaluhlala unanamhla kwaye lusetyenziswa ngokuzithandela ngabaqulunqi kwizindlu ezithambileyo. UMaria - I-Atoinette ithandwayo ye-skiating kunye nezodwa zokunxiba zamadoda. Ucacisiwe kwisindululo esikhuthazayo sokutya iikeyiki, ukuba akukho sonka.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-nkosi yenkosi yeFrance Maria-Antonette yazalelwa eVienna. Abazali - I-Emperor Franz ibring kunye noMary Terezia - sele ndikhulele inzala abayi-14. Umntwana weshumi elinesihlanu (igama elipheleleyo - uMaria Anhony Josef Johanna Gabsburg-Gabring) wazalwa ngoNovemba 2, 1755. Ukubonakala kuka-Atoine - intombazana eyenziwe yi-National yayibizwa ngokuba yinyikima yeLisbon, eyathatyathwa amawaka angama-80 amawaka ePortugal kwimizuzu. Ukuzalwa komntwana okuphezulu kokumkanikazi kamama kunye nokukhethwa kosana olusandul 'ukuzalwa - ukumkani kunye nokumkanikazi wasePortugal - batolikwa njengemiqondiso emibi.
I-Ary-Antointetti idlule kwindawo yokuhlala yeHobsburgs - Schönbrn Inqaba, esona sakhiwo sihle kwisitayile seBaroque. Kwintsapho enkulu nenothando, umntwana uyamcaphukisa ukuba akamsindisa kwimithetho eyimfuneko. Kwiminyaka emi-3, uAntiine wabeka iCoset, kunye nabo bonke abantu basetyhini kwintsapho ye-monterch. Kwaye ukucingisisa ukuba amazinyo amancinci e-Erzgersi ekhula ngetyala, ugqirha wamazinyo iNkundla wabeka i-nozzles yakhe.
Bazisa i-maria Astoinette kwinkqubo ekhethekileyo: izifundo zoMdaniso, ukupeyinta, imbali kunye nopelo lomfundi zigqibezele isifundo sethiyori yolawulo lukarhulumente, imathematics kunye neelwimi zasemzini. Iinkosana kunye neenkosana zafundisa imigaqo ye-Etiquette kunye nesakhono sokugcina incoko yehlabathi. Kodwa uAntone akazange akholise ukumkanikazi ukuba abe nenzondelelo - intombazana kuzo zonke izifundo yayinolwazi oluphezulu.
I-choreographer edumileyo uJegor-George, ofundise i-ERC DumeGersogide, ekhalaza malunga nokungathobeli komfundi, kwaye i-ATBOT Vermont, isondele kakhulu kwaye iqaqadekile kwaye iqaqamba kuphela kwezinto ezonwabisayo .
Kwinkundla yaseFransi
Imitshato yabantwana yaqwalaselwa ziinkosi ekukhanyeni komelezeni phakathi kwamazwe. Ngaphandle kokukhuphela kunye ne-habsburg. Ngokweengcebiso ze-austrian diiplomats, imibutho yabasebenzi ye-Dynastic ye-Dynasty ye-habsburbs kufuneka yomeleze isikhundla saseOstria e-Eustria eYurophu, apho i-ercgergin itshatile kwaye itshatile iindlalingi ze-bourbon Debysy.
I-Ariainette eneminyaka eli-14 ubudala yayingeyiyo eyahlukileyo, eyafunyanwa kwi-French Dauphin louis. Iingcebiso ezivela kuKumkani France ukumkanikazi uMama wafuna unyaka, kwaye xa kufike, bendiya kulungiswa ndiwalungiselele i-atoine ethandekayo kwinkundla yaseFrance. Abafundisi-ntsapho bathatha ikamva leFofine: Ukudanisa, i-Etiquette kunye neeLwimi zafundiswa kunye ne-amoniinette enehlazo kwimodi ekhawulezayo. Intombi ilala kwezinye ngukumkanikazi-kude kube kukumkile.
Umtshato wenzeka ngo-Epreli 1770 eVienna. Umkhwenyana nge-proxy wazisa iFrench Erzgeriat, ethunyelwa yi-Bourbon eOstria. UMaria-Atonette washiya ilizwe lakhe ngonaphakade. Umsitho wokudluliselwa kwe-Dofy wabanjwa ngoMeyi: Kwindawo engathathi hlangothi, iAntinan, etshintsha iimpahla kunye nesiFrentshi kunye nelizwi laBahlobo bakhe, wemka eFrance. Umkhwenyana onabathunywa badibana nenkosikazi yakhe kwihlathi le-COCI.
Umtshato wesibini wenzeka kwi-versaille. Imithendeleko yomtshato isusela nge-16 ukuya kwi-30 kaMeyi. Ngomhla wokugqibela, i-ficmax yayicwangcisiwe - iminyhadala ye-folk kwisikwere semvume yemvume. Ngenxa yombutho ombi (i-hagi yokwakha kunye netranches kwisikwere), abantu abasothuka yi-bangs ye-peyrotechic yemijukujelwa ekhutshelwe kwi-trigger, yakhawuleza. Isihlwele sabaleka abantu abawileyo, bavuya ke ngaye umhadi. Inani labafi lafikelela kwi-139. Bangcwatyelwa kwingcwaba eliqhelekileyo. Yayingumbala wesibini ongumqondiso we-antoine.
UMaria Teresia, eqonda ukuba intombi kaJuna kwaye ingenamava, iMthunywa ye-D'Agantoy yeArgan, eyayibukele uMary-Atoinetta kwinyathelo ngalinye.
Umtshato kunye noLouis ngenxa yokusweleka komyeni wakhe, iminyaka yokuqala yajika yazaliseka: amaqabane alala kumagumbi ahlukeneyo. Ukuthanda ulonwabo nolonwabo lukaMaria-Atoinette, udanile ukubanda komlingane, wangena kuwo wonke amanzi. Kwibhasi kunye ne-rauta dofina echithe iintsuku nobusuku, ukunika ukutya kwinkundla yokuhleba. Intsapho yenkosi yayiziko lokunikela ingqalelo kwaye yanika izizathu zokubhalwa kweephamfti. Umolokazana wase-Austria watyholwa ekungazivani izityholo kunye nenkululeko.
Ukumkanikazi
Isimilo seNkundla yaseFransi yase-French Marie Antoinette yabonakala idume kakhulu, i-dofine eselula ijikeleze abanye abantu ababezama ukuxhamla kwi-Austria, abangazange bajamelane nebhotwe. I-Antor kuphela ye-Atoine yahlala i-Armsalaador yase-Austrian, imbalelwano egcinwe yimfihlo ye-biographies ye-daupshne phesheya kwiinkulungwane emva kokuba ivuliwe ekufeni kwakhe.
Iintombi ezintathu ezingatshatanga zeLouis xv zilungiselele uMaria Antoinette nxamnye nentandokazi katata-Madame Dubarry. Le yokugqibela yayinonxibelelwano kwinkundla kwaye inefuthe. UMary Antointette wacetyiswa ukuba enze abahlobo kunye namava omama wakhe onamava.
Ukukhutshwa kweLouis XVI kubangela ukuphefumlelwa phakathi kwabaFundi: Abantu bakhupha i-epoch ye-pititing kwaye balinda utshintsho. Abantu bafikelela kwinkosikazi kancinci, bembona umfazi wakhe wamaxesha anesisa.
Umama uMary Tereresi wabiza intombi ukuba inamathele kubomi bazolile kunye nomgwebo, yenza imizamo yokuseka ubuhlobo phakathi kweOstriya naseFrance. Kodwa uMaria-Atoinette wazingqingqela nge-Inrigan kwaye eshukuma, osebenzisa ububele kunye noKumkanikazi weNaivety, etsala imali kunye nezikhundla zosapho.
Umhlobo osenyongweni kaMary Astointette, u-Tolynas de wenza umsebenzi oqinisekileyo, izihlobo ezihlwempuzekileyo: I-Aristoccrats ezihlwempuzekileyo zihlala kwintendelezo, ekwamkela ukumkanikazi i-witran will minyaka le ivra ngonyaka. NgoNondyebo wasebukhosini uMaria-Antoinette, yayingengomnyhadala, ukuzoba ukusuka apho ngokomdlalo wokuzonwabisa kunye nokuphuma kwemali enkulu.
I-empired yokwenene ye-skatiting kwaye iyosulele umdlalo wenkundla. Kwisakhono sokuhlala kwi-ice engalinganiyo. Emva kokubeka isithintelo somlingane, uMaria Atoinette wanomdla wokungcakaza. Kwileta, uMary Tereziai Assian Assador wathi intombi ngo-1778 ilahlekile i-171 ye-francs ye-franc kwitafile yekhadi.
Ibhotwe lase Trian, eyakhiwe yi-louis louis xv ye-Pormpadour yakho oyithandayo, ukumkanikazi oselula wenza indawo yokuhlala kwaye ebangela intiyo yenkundla engalindelanga izimemo. Ukuzithemba kokusebenzisa ukumkanikazi kusetyenziswe ipolitiki yokunganyaniseki kunye nokunyanzelwa, ukunyanzela i-Ariainette yaseMaria ukuya kwiNkundla yabo kwiNkundla kwaye ixhaphaza uluvo lwendoda yakhe. Ukumkanikazi waseFrance wesuka eOstriya kwimbambano yasemkhosini, ebizwa ngokuba yi "Fotato yeMfazwe".
Ekuqaleni kwenguquko, iMaria-Atoinette yazibeka njengotshaba lwenkqubo yenkululeko. Kwaye xa ekuqaleni kuka-Okthobha 1789 ivele ifakwe iselfowuni, ukumkanikazi neqabane lakhe bafudukela kwii-tuleries. Amafu aqhekezelwe phezu kweentloko zenkosi yosapho. NgoJuni 1791, uMaria Atoinette kunye nomyeni wakhe bazama ukukhawulezisa ukuhlaselwa kwemikhosi yase-Austro-Prussian, bezama ukugcina itrone, ubomi kuye kunye nabantwana. Kodwa iziphumo yayiphambene: Ngo-Agasti 1792, ibhotwe elikwi-tuleers lalibamba abavukeli.
Ubomi Buqu
Emva kokunyanga iFemosis, i-louis yaba ngumntu ogcweleyo. Emva kweminyaka esi-7, yena noMaria Atoinette bafunyanwa kwilali elinye. Amaqabane azalwa abantwana abane: oonyana ababini neentombi ezimbini. Malunga noBomi kunye nekamva likaMaria Atoinette alususwa ziifilimu enye yeshumi elinambini. Okwesihlandlo sokuqala, ukumkanikazi waseFrance wadlalwa ngumdlali we-rirer shirer kwi-melodrama yomlawuli waseMelika i-vanbridge eyomeleleyo ye-van van, epapashwe kwizikrini ngo-1938.
I-movie Morgan, Zhev'evyva Kazel kunye neKarin Viveass izamile ukuba ngumtsalane kwaye ojijekile e-Antomami kwiminyaka eyahlukeneyo. Kwidrama "Maria-Antoinette" Sofia Koppol, i-Preiere yenzeka ngo-2006, ukumkanikazi wadlala i-Kirsten Dunst. Emva kweminyaka emi-6, idrama yaseFrance - iSpanish "Farewell, ukumkanikazi wam" uphume, apho uDiana Kruger wabonakala emfanekisweni ophambili.
Ayiyi ngqo ingqalelo kaMaria Antoinette kunye nababhali. Incwadi malunga nokumkanikazi yabhalwa nguStefan Cefaig. I-heroine ikhankanywe kwiinoveli zika-Alexander Duma, i-Alexey Tolltoy, Lyon Feikhtharhanger noHenry Heine.
UMary Antointette uphawu lwebhayibhile yegama elithi "Ukuba abanalo isonka, mabadle amabike!". Kodwa ababhali-mbali kunye nabaphandi baxoxa ukuba imbali yemvelaphi yamagama edidekile kwaye umbhali webinzana ngomnye ukumkanikazi waseFransi yenye indoda yaseFransi - uMaria Teresia. UMaria-Antoinette wabuthanda ubomi obuyinqabileyo kwaye baphoswa zizixa ezibonakalayo kwi-Ofisi kaNondyebo, apho wafumana intsika yamahashe, kodwa kwangaxeshanye yayidume ngokuthabathela kwabahlwempuzekileyo.
Ukutsiba kunye nokuphumeza
Emva kokubhukuqwa kweLouis XVI kunye notshintsho lwamandla kwindibano, i-Royal Surire yoSapho yalolwa entolongweni. Emva kweenyanga ezi-5, kwaphunyezwa uMonakalo, kwaye uMaria Atoinette watshintshelwa kwi-TAMPL kwi-conderger kwi-compoer, ekwisiqithi sase-IIIN kwiSeine kwiSeine kwiSeine kwiSeine kwiSeine kwiSeine kwiSeine kwiSeine kwiSeine kwiSeine kwiSeine. Izicwangciso zobukhosi ukuba zigcine ukumkanikazi obukhali akaphumelelanga.
Inkundla yothi: Inkosikazi yakwa-38 ubudala yenzeka phakathi kwe-17 ka-Okthobha 1793. UMaria Astoinette watyholwa ngokungcatsha iimfuno zeFransi. Kwangoko ekuseni ka-Okthobha 16, isigwebo sagwetywa. Umphathi owenziweyo we-Grade owenziwe ze kwaye wahlwayela izandla zakhe ngasemva. Phambi kokuphunyezwa kukaMaria uAtoinette ogcinwe ngesidima sasebukhosini. Uye wakhwela kwisfusfold ngokwayo kwaye walala phantsi kwetyhunali ye-gelilotine efakwe kwindawo yemvume.
Isidumbu esichaziweyo sikaMaria uAtoinette saphoswa kwingcwaba elipheleleyo lokubulawa komtshato weKumkanikazi kwiminyaka engama-23 eyadlulayo. Ngo-1815, iintsalela zenziwa zatshintshelwa eSaint-Denis Abbey emantla eParis. Indawo eyingcwaba ngqo kwikati iyaziwa.
Kwifashoni
- Nellier . UMaria-Atoinette wakhulula amanenekazi avela kwii-corsets ezinqamlezileyo kunye neengubo ezibanzi ezibalelwa kwimithamo ukuya kubungakanani obungahambelani kwinqwelomoya. Ikhowudi yokunxiba engqongqo yathathelwa indawo yi-netligee-iingubo zasekhaya ukusuka kwi-screth, i-bodice kunye ne-sweatshirt. I-Netliree ibandakanya ukumkanikazi owenziweyo we-kumkani emhlophe, ekhumbuza ihempe yasebusuku.
- I-chors . Ukufuna ukhangeleka umntwana, ukumkanikazi wayezifihle iindawo, enika ubudala. Izandla-phantsi kwamantshontsho, iblush yasetyenziswa ezihlathini, kwaye intamo ephoxekileyo yayifihliwe emva kwe-chocers - i-Satin Ribbons, iipateni ezimfakayo, amatye abungqingqwa.
- Iinjongo zamadoda . Ukumkanikazi, owenzele isizinge kwiCampcole kunye nee-chutut, zazisa iisuti zamadoda kunye neejekethi-phyki. Amantombazana abeka iminqwazi yomntu.
- Muli. . UMaria-Antoinette waziswa izihlangu ze-heel ephezulu kangangokuba wayenokuthintela kuphela ukuwa emqolombeni. Emva kwexesha, izihlangu ziye zasinda kwinguqu kwaye zajika zaba zizilayidi ezihle kwi-heel ephantsi nge-heel ephantsi kunye nokuhlamba iminwe.
- I-Dechor enkulu kunye nezixhobo . I-rush yabo, i-ruffle, iidrows zeentyatyambo, izaphetha - zazininzi ezinamasango ezinxibayo ezazingabafazi ababuthathaka.
- Ukuprintwa kweentyatyambo . Iipateni ngohlobo lweentyatyambo, izibhengezo, izihombiso zezityalo-Ukuyilwa kukaMaria Antoinette. Abalinganiswa bomzobo kwizibamba zebhinqa batshintsha, kodwa iprinta yentyatyambo yangena kwifashoni ngonaphakade.