Biography
Uninzi lwabantu lufundela ubugcisa, kunqabile ukuba bacinge ngekamva lombhali. Kwaye ngelize lilize, kuba ngamanye amaxesha i-biography yombhali, imbongi okanye iprose ikwazi ukucutha nge-epic kunye nedramatic (okanye ubuhle) bomsebenzi wakhe. Umzekelo ocacileyo wemvume enjalo-taras grigorievich shevchenko.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Imbongi yexesha elizayo yazalwa kunye nomculi nge-25 kaFebruwari ngo-1814. Kwenzekile lo msitho kwilali yaseMarinets, ekwiphondo leKieV.
Abazali bakaTaras bayinqaba elula yabalingane kumtshana wePrince Portekin, useSenator Vasily Engelhardta. I-Grigory Ivanovich Shevchenko, Bawo wenkwenkwe, ebengenayo indlu ngenxa yokuba i-Chumakov - wathabatha i-pumakov yengqolowa kwiKiev ne-Odessa. Umama waseTaras, uKaterina Yakimovna Woyko, Jikelele weMihla ngemihla kwiPan. Kungenxa yoko le nto utatsano notatomkhulu uCatherine babezibandakanya kwimfundo yembongi yexesha elizayo.
Ngo-1816, usapho uShevchenko usapho luye eKirillovka - ilali, leminyaka iya kubizwa ngokuba yinjongo yembongi. EKirillovka, iTaras ichitha ubuntwana bakhe kwaye ihlangabezana nothando lokuqala Oksana Kovalenko.
Ngo-1823, ngenxa yemithwalo ephakamileyo, iKaterina Yakimovna iyafa. Kwakuloo nyaka, utata waseTaras utshatile okwesibini kumhlolokazi u-Paychenkko kwaye uhamba endlwini kaShevchenkkazi kunye nabantwana abathathu. Kwangoko ingumlingo kwangoko ayizange ikholelwe iTaras, ngoko ke inkwenkwe yayifuna ukukhuselwa kudade wabo omdala, kwaye emva kokusweleka kukayise ngo-1825 ithatha isigqibo sokuyishiya ngokupheleleyo indlu.
Ukususela ngo-1826 ukuya kwi-1829, i-taras iyasebenza kwaye ikhathaza apho unokufumana khona. Indawo yokuqala yomsebenzi omkhulu iba sisikolo seParish saseDeca Paul. Kukwi-Shevchenkon yakhe iqhelene neziseko zokufunda nokubhala. Indawo elandelayo yomsebenzi iba luluntu lwaseDakov-i-ICKOV-banamatali ayaziqonda iziseko zokuzoba. Ukongeza kumsebenzi onjalo, uShevanche wenzeka ngamanye amaxesha umlomo wezimvu, uqokelela isivuno kwaye uncede amadoda amadala anenkuni yomlilo kwiziko.
Ngo-1829 ilungiselelwe njengesicaka kumnini-mhlaba omtsha-pavel vamedichvich engelgarst. Okokuqala isebenza njengomncedisi wobuqu uSofia Grigorievna Engelshardt, ofundise i-Taras French. Ngexesha lakhe elikhululekileyo, inkwenkwe iyaqhubeka nokuzoba.
Nje ukuba uSofia Engelshardt wabona le mizobo waza wambonisa kwangoko umyeni wakhe. Wayeyixabisa italente yenkwenkwe, ephoselwe ukuba abe nomsiphayi ofanelekileyo kuye kwaye athumele i-taras kwiYunivesithi yaseVilen. Umcebisi wenkwenkwe uyala i-pomrait ye-yang rustem.
Emva konyaka kunye nesiqingatha, i-Engelgardt ithumela uShevchenko eSt. Petersburg-ukwandisa amanzi kunye noqeqesho kwiinkosi. Ngo-1831, phantsi kobunkokeli beVasily hiry hiryaeva taras bathatha inxaxheba ekupeyisweni kwe-Bolshoi Theatre.
Kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva, kwigadi yasehlotyeni kukho umqondiso weShevchenko. Umsitho - umsitho welizwe uIriya uSoshenkovsky, umculi we-carl bully kunye nenye yeenkokeli ze I-Imperim Acammy yoBugcisa i-Grigorovich. Bayanelisa le ndoda kwaye bayayiqonda italente yakhe yobugcisa, ukuze wonke umntu azama ukunceda ekusombululeni umbandela ngentlawulelo yeTaras evela e-Engelshardt.
Kodwa umnini-mhlaba akafuni ukuyeka i-Shevchenko, kuba sele elityala iGuinea kule. Iingxoxo zilibazisekile ixesha elide kwaye sele ziqala ukubonakala ngathi intlawulelo ayinakwenzeka, kodwa entlokweni kaSheshenko iza umbono oqaqambileyo. Isiseko soluvo kukucwangcisa i-lottery apho imbonakalo ye-zhukovsky iya kudlalwa, ibhaliwe nguBrtullov. Ophumeleleyo ufumana umzobo, kwaye yonke imali yengeniso iya kuya entlangeni iShevchenko.
Ilotto yayiqhutywa kwibhotwe ye-antichkov. Ukulungelelanisa lo msitho uncede ukubalwa i-mikhail velgur. Ukunqwenela ukuphumelela i-portrait ininzi, yonke into ibibuyiselwe ngama-2500 ruble. Yonke le mali idluliselwe kwi-Engelshardt ngo-Epreli 22, 1838. UShevchenkko wayengasasebenzi i-serf. Isigqibo sokuqala siyamkelwa kwimfundo yobugcisa.
"Ndiyaphila, ndiyafunda, andiboyiki mntu, ngaphandle koThixo - ulonwabo olukhulu lokuba nguwe," uShevchenkto ubhala malunga La maxesha kwidayari yakhe.Uncwadi
Ixesha ukusuka kumzuzu wokwamkelwa kwi-ARMILI ARTYMY YOBUGCISA kwaye ngaphambi kokubanjwa ngo-1847 yeyona ntshukumo iphambili kwi-Shevchenko kwisicwangciso soncwadi. Ngo-1840, inkqubo yokuhlela yeMinoti yakhe isebenza "Kobzar", ethi, ngexesha lobomi bembongi, ayizange ihlawulwe. Ngo-1842, iiTaras zipapasha imbali kunye nobongo bobuqhoyezi "Gaidamaki."
Kunyaka olandelayo uShevchenkon uthatha isigqibo sokuhamba uhambo lweUkraine ukuze ubone ikhuthazo elidala kwaye lifumane ukuphefumlelwa kubuchule obutsha. Imisipha yakhe yala maxesha ibe yi-Anna Zakrevskaya kunye ne-Vovara Recnin-volkokaya - owokuqala wayengumfazi womnini-mhlaba owayenenkosana, kwaye yesibini yayiyinkosana. Emva kolu hambo, uShevchenko wabhala umbongo "poplare" kunye nemibongo "yeKaterina" kunye ne "Hotik".
Kwilizwe lonke, imisebenzi yembongi ifumene ngokufudumeleyo, kodwa ukusabela kwabagxeki kweMetropolitan kwakuphikisana ngokupheleleyo - bayigxeka i-Shevchenko yePhondo (yonke imisebenzi yabhalwa eUkraine).
Ngo-1845, iitaras zishiya i-Ukraine ukuya emsebenzini kwiPereyaslav (ngoku ipereyaslav-khmelnitsnits) kwi-Andrekovsky. Ngolwazi olungafunekiyo, imbongi ihamba ukuze ilungise impilo yakhe. Ukuphelisa le thiyori, i "Testamente" ye-Shevchenki ibhaliwe kuloo nyaka. Kwakuloo nyaka, imibongo yakhe "Motnitz" kunye "neCaucasus" kuphuma.
Emva kweKozokeokovsky, i-Taras icwangciswe ngumculi weKhomishini yezinto zakudala zase-Archaographic, ePoping kwiPereyaslavl. Owona msebenzi wakhe uphambili ngelo xesha - ukwenza imizobo yezinto zakudala kunye nembali yesixeko (i-Pokrovsky yeCokrovsky, umnqamlezo we-St.
Ngo-1846, imbongi ifudukela eKiev, apho wamema olunye ixesha elide - umbhali-mbali kwaye wabhala uNikolai Kostomarov. I-Kostomarov iya kuqesha uShevchenko kwi-Kirillo esandula ukusekwa kweKirillo-Medias. Imbongi ayiqondi ngokukhawuleza ukuba kuya kutsalwa kwintlangano yezopolitiko eyimfihlo. Ukwazisa kuza xa kuthathwa ukubanjwa kwenkampani abathathi-nxaxheba.
Ukungqina ukunamathela ngokuthe ngqo kwe-theras kulwaneka, kodwa ukwabanyanisa kwesebe lesithathu le-ofisi yePrince Alexei Orlov yindinyana ye-Shevchenko ", apho abonayo ukuhlekiswa kolawulo lukarhulumente ndibize imvukelo. Njengomohlwayo ngoMeyi 30, 1847, imbongi ithunyelwa kwisakhiwo esahlukileyo se-Orereburg ukuze siphumeze inkonzo yokuqesha. UShevchenkon unqatshelwe ukubhala nokuzoba, okuba sisiqhulo esinzulu kwiShevchenko.
I-POET ZHOVSKY, I-Ball Alexey Tolstoy kunye nePrincess Voldina-VolKonskaya izama ukunceda itaras. Ekuphela kwento abalawula ukufezekisa yimvume yeTaras ukubhala iileta. Kwileta, i-KozacChkovky Shevchenko yathumela ivesi "Lyakh" ("izibonda"), ebhalwe ngabantu abasebenza naye ePoland.
Buyela kwimisebenzi yobugcisa, i-albeit okwethutyana, inokwenzeka ngexesha lohambo kuLwandle lwe-Aral (1848-1849). Jikelele Vladimir Abeloyevich Obruchev I-Ofisi ye-Shevchenkov yoNcedo lwe-Aral Coal Coast (kwingxelo yohambo). Kodwa umntu ufunda ngale nto kunye nengxelo yobunkokeli. Ngenxa yoko, jikelele ifumana ukuphindaphindiswa okunzulu, kwaye uShevchenko uthunyelwe kwindawo entsha, eyaziwa i-Novopirovrovk ye-Novoicksk iba (ngoku isixeko saseFort Shevchetn).
Kukho ukuvalwa kokuzoba, ngoko ke i-taras izama ukufumba ngodongwe kwaye ithathe imifanekiso yefoto (Dagerdrotypes). Ngodongwe aluzange lusebenze, kwaye ifoto ngelo xesha yayixabisa kakhulu. U-Shevchenkophinda ukuba abhale, kodwa ngeli xesha ngqina imisebenzi ye-Russian - "umculi", "gemini" kunye nabanye. Ukukhutshelwa yindinyana "Khokli" (1851).
Ngo-1857, emva koxwebhu lwezikhalazo ezilandelayo zeFyocor Petrovich, imbongi yeTolstoy yakhutshwa kwi-I-Alexander II II irhoxisa isohlwayo sikaYise Nikolai i.
Ubomi Buqu
Ukuza kwinkululeko, uShevanche ucinga ngokudala usapho. Ilinge lokuqala lokutshata sisiphakamiso, ekubhalwe phantsi kwimbongi ibonelelwe nguCatherine Pinova. Ngaphambi koko, imbongi yakhuthaza lo mbango weqonga wethiyetha kwaye enethemba lokuba uza kuvuma, kodwa ndandinempazamo. Malunga nelinge lesibini lingabi nanye into engaziwayo, ngaphandle kokuba intombazana ibizwa ngokuba yiHarita kwaye yanqatyiswa.
Umtshakazi wesithathu uShevchenko yenzelwe. Igama lalingu-lucker Polidakov. Imbongi ityale imali eninzi kwimfundo yakhe, yafaka intombazana indlu, ithenga ukutya, iimpahla kunye neencwadi. UTaras wayefuna ukumthenga kude kumnini-mhlaba, kodwa akazange avume le mbono emva kokuba emfumene egumbini lokulala nomnye wabafundi. Uninzi lweetaras uShevchenko akazange acinge ngomtshato, endaweni yoko, waphinda wabetha umsebenzi, umphumo wokuba yi "ileta yasesiJamani" - okokuqala kwiincwadi zokufunda zacetyiswa kuye.
Ukubuyela kubomi bobuqu yembongi, kukwakufanelekile ukukhankanya iinoveli zangaphambili. Uthando lokuqala lwembongi yayiyintombazana eyayivela kwilali yaseKirillovka Oksana evalenko. Kwiithamsanqa, iimpompo zembongi yayingu-Anna Zagrevskaya (wanikelwa kuye "ukuba siphinde siphinde sidibene") "kunye ne-varvara-volnina-volkoka.
Kwiminyaka yenkonzo kwi-novottrovrovsk eyomeleza, uShevchenko efihlakeleyo nge-Agapa Wemevoova, owayengumfazi wommeli wendawo. Kukho ulwazi malunga nezinye iinoveli ze-poet, kodwa akukho siqinisekiso sinokuthenjwa.
Ukufa
Imbongi yasweleka eSt. Petersburg, apho yayingcwatyelwe khona. Kwenzekile ngo-1861, usuku emva komhla wokuzalwa kweTaras Grigoorievich. Unobangela wokufa-Ascites (ukunkcenkceshela isisu). Kukholelwa ukuba isiphoso sesi sifo yayikukusetyenziswa kakhulu kotywala kakhulu, apho imbongi yayilikhoboka leminyaka. Kuthetha ukuba nguye owalungelelanisa iklabhu "i-Uroye", amalungu amalungu ahamba kwaye aqalisa incoko ngobomi, kwaye ekupheleni kwe-rulky ukhethe "i-ollnen yakhe".
Indawo yokuqala yokungcwatywa kwembongi yayingamangcwaba e-Orthodox, kodwa kamva wavuselela usizi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngokweTestamente eNtsha. Kwinkumbulo yembongi, iindawo ezininzi zokuhlala zaphinda zabizwa ngegama, isitrato ngegama lakhe kunye nesikhumbuzo kwimbongi kwindawo nganye eUkraine. Igama lakhe liyingcibi encinci kwi-Mercury.
I-Bibliography
- 1838 - "Katerina"
- I-1839 - "ukuya kwi"
- 1840 - "Kobzar"
- 1842 - "GaidaMaki"
- Ngo-1845 - "Duma"
- Ngo-1845 - "iTestamente"
- I-1845 - "I-StsonItz"
- 1847 - "Lyakwa"
- 1851 - "Khokli"
- 1855 - "Gemini"
- Ngo-1856 - "Artist"
- 1860 - "IsiRashiya"