Biography
Imncinci kwihlabathi labantu abangaziyo, le nto i-pirit mikhail illariovich yafumana izilumkiso zembeko. Le Herbroma icele umngeni kwezinto ezingafunekiyo kungekuphela i-Alexander Sergeeevich Suinkin, kodwa neDerzhavin, Zhukovsky kunye nezinye iintlobo zoncwadi. I-fededmarshal, ngokungathi ichaphazelekile sisipho sokubona, uphumelele uloyiso kwi-borodino ye-borodino, enxibe uBukhosi baseRussia ukusuka kwizicwangciso zeNapoleon's Bonaparte.Ubuntwana noLutsha
(16) NgoSeptemba 1747 kwikomkhulu lenkcubeko yaseRussia, isixeko saseSt. Umphathi wokuzalwa (ngolunye ulwazi-ooyihlo ababekho iigubhu zeBeledimas), unyana ogama linguMikhail wazalelwa.
Nangona kunjalo, luluvo lokuba umxokelelwane ube noonyana ababini. Inzala yesibini yabizwa ngokuba yi-Semen, watyhola ukuba wakwazi ukufumana isihloko esikhulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuba isizathu sokuba isizathu silahlekile, de kuphele ubomi bakhe bungaphantsi kwabazali bakhe. Ingcinga enjalo yezazinzulu zenziwa ngenxa yeleta eyabhalwa nguMikhail intanda yakhe ngo-1804. Kule ngqalo, i-fededmarshal yathi yamfumana kwimfundiso yakhe engaphambili ngokufika kwakhe kumntakwabo.
"Ndiye ndathetha kakhulu ngombhobho waza wandicela ukuba ndilahle kwaye ndiyilahle, xa wayeqala ukuthi kwakungekho mbhobho," i-mikhail illariovich yabelana nenkosikazi yakhe.Uyise woMthendeleko omkhulu, owayengumlingane uAlexander vanyievich uSuvov, waqala umsebenzi wakhe noPetros. Emva kokuphumelela kwiziko lobunjineli yasemkhosini, waqalisa ukubakhonza imikhosi yobunjineli. Kwingqondo ekhethekileyo kunye noxinzelelo lwamaqabane abizwa ngokuba yi-Illarion Matveeevich Khojachi Encyclopedia okanye "incwadi efanelekileyo."
Ewe, umzali ka-feldmarshal wenza igalelo kuphuhliso loBukhosi baseRussia. Umzekelo, kuElizabeth, iPetrovna, i-Kutuzov-Opgasti yabenza ubume be-catherine canal, ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yi-griboyed yomjelo.
Enkosi kwiProjekthi ye-GARYECION ye-matcyevich, iziphumo zathintelwa xa umlambo uNeva uyachitha. Umbono ka-Kutzov wenziwa kwisiqholo kulawulo lweCatherine II. Njengomvuzo, uMisikail Ilariovich utata wegolide i-goobacco Groove, ehonjiswe nge-GEMS.
I-italarion matveeevich ithathe inxaxheba kwiMfazwe yaseTurkey, eqhubeka ukusuka nge-1768 ukuya kwi-1774. Ukusuka kwimikhosi yaseRussia eyalela uAlexander Surov kunye nomphathi-ntleba babala uPetros Rumantsev. Kufanelekile ukutsho ukuba i-Kutov-nkulu yahlula-hlula kwidabi ledabi kwaye waphumelela igama njengomntu onolwazi kwimicimbi yasemkhosini nemicimbi yasemkhosini.
I-mikhail yexesha elizayo lexesha elimiselwe ngabazali kwangaphambili, kuba emva kokuba lo mfana othile waphumelela esikolweni, ngo-1759 wathunyelwa kwisikolo sasebunjisiweyo kunye nesikolo sasebunjini, apho wabonisa ubuchule bokungakhululeki kwaye wakhawuleza waqhubela phambili kwizitepsi zomsebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, akunyanzelekanga ukuba ikhuphe iingxaki zikatata, ofundise iiSayensi zeArtallery kweli ziko.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukusukela ngo-1758 kwesi sikolo sihle, ngoku sinxibe igama lezemikhosi. A.F. I-Mozhaysky, iXekekiwe kwiNzululwazi yeFiziksi-i-encyclopelist mikhail vasnemevich lomononosov. Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-KUguzov yaphumelela i-Kutov evela kwi-Academy ye-Areasmmy: Umfana onombulelo kwingqondo engaqhelekanga ekhokelele kwibhentshi yesikolo ngonyaka onesiqingatha seminyaka emithathu ubudala.
Inkonzo yezelizwe
NgoFebruwari 1761, i-Marshal yekamva iphumelele isiqinisekiso sokuvuthwa, kodwa sahlala ezindongeni zesikolo, kuba i-mikhail (enesikhundla seNjineli) kwingcebiso ye-schivalov iqalisa ukufundisa abafundi beMathematics. Emva koko, umfana oselula onobuchule waba yinto engekho mthethweni kaDudeyu kaPeter Augustun Gosteyus-Beksky, walawula iofisi yakhe kwaye wazibonakalisa njengomsebenzi ongumgudu. Ke ngo-1762, i-mikhail ilarionovich ishiya isikhundla somphathi.
Kwakuloo nyaka, uKutuzov wasondela kwi-suvov, kuba wayemiselwe i-comer ye-Astrakhadi ye-Asstriyo 12 yeGrenadier Vantudievich eyalela ngelo xesha. Ngendlela, uPeter Ivanovich ulungelelaniso, iprookoki valineevich meshchersky, pavl arthyevich vimbas kunye nezinye izinto ezidumileyo zazikhonzwa kule ntengiso.
Ngo-1764, i-mikhail ilariovich kutuzov yayisePoland kwaye yayalela amajoni amancinci ngokunyanzelwa kwe-bark stanislav ka-Agasti, inkxaso yoBukhosi baseRussia. Ngenxa yetalethi yakhe yokuzalwa, iKutuzov yadala iindlela ezoyikisayo, zenze ukuba kukhawuleze amaqashiso kwaye uphumelele amapolisa, ngaphandle komkhosi ombalwa, ophantsi kutshaba.
Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, ngo-1767, uKutuzov waphakama kwikhomishini kumalungiselelo eedipozithi ezintsha - umzimba wexeshana waseRussia, owawusenziwa kuphuhliso lwenkqubo yemithetho eyayinendawo yokuba Emva kokuthathwa nguKumkani uAlexei Mikhailovich Caredravic Caredral Deating (1649). Eyona nto inokwenzeka, i-mikhail illariovich yayitsaleleka kwiBhodi njengomguquleli ongunobhala, kuba yayinesifo sengqondo esigqibeleleyo nesiJamani, sathetha nesiLatin ngokukhululekileyo.
I-Russian-Turkish Wars 1768-1774 - Isiseko esibalulekileyo kwi-mikhail illariovich. Ngenxa yongquzulwano phakathi kweRussia ne-Ottoman, i-Kutuzov ifumene amava okulwa kwaye ibonakalise njengenkokeli esemkhosini. NgoJulayi 1774, unyana ka-Ilarion Matveeevich, umphathi wezalathiso ojolise ekuhlaseleni izinto zombane, wafumana inxeba lokulwa kwimfazwe ngokuchasene ne-purkish chasa, kodwa bahlala ngokungummangaliso. Inyani yile yokuba ibhulethi yotshaba ichukumise itempile yasekhohlo yomphathi kwaye ifikelele kwiliso lasekunene.
Ngethamsanqa, umbono kaKutuzov wagcinwa, kodwa "iliso" elitshizwe "lakhunjuzwa ngentsimi ye-marshal malunga neziganeko zegazi kunye nezithuthi. Ekuweni kwe-1784, i-mikhail illariovich yanikwa isitayile somkhosi ophambili sabasekelezwe ngokubanzi, kwaye sahlulahlula kwi-Kinburn Binbrn Batlia (1787), i-Izmail (i-Izmail ithathiwe Umyalelo kaGeorge 2-C), wabonisa inkalipho kwiMfazwe yaseRussia (1792), iMfazwe kunye ne-napoleon (1805) kunye nezinye iimfazwe.
Imfazwe ye-1812.
Ubuhlakani bomvuzo waseRussia i-Gikolayevich Tollstoy ayinakuphumelela kwiziganeko zegazi ze-1812, eshiye uphawu lweMfazwe yaza yatshintsha iMfazwe yeLizwe yeLizwe - iFrance kunye noBukhosi baseRussia. Ngapha koko, kwimfazwe yakhe yamaRoma-epic 'eluthule', uMbhali wencwadi wazama ngokungxama ukuchaza zombini iimfazwe kunye nomfanekiso weNkokeli yaBantu - i-mikhail illariovich kutuzov ikhuselekile, ngokungathi umntwana.
Izizathu zokungqubana kwamagunya mabini zaqalisa ukwala uBukhosi baseRussia ukuba balondolozwe ibhloko yelizwe laseBritane, ngaphandle kwento yokuba u-Alexander Bonaparte, ngokutsho kukaPaul ndijongile ngayo i-vacadeon. Le khontrakthi yayingalunganga eRussia, eyayifanele ukuba ishiye iqabane eliphambili kwishishini.
Ngexesha lemfazwe, i-mikhail ilariovich kutuzov inyulwe ngumkhosi wemikhosi yaseRussia kunye neMilitia, kwaye iphakamisa amandla omoya oqaqambileyo, ngenxa yokuba i-Kutov ifumene igama hayi umphathi wokulahlekelwa. Nangona kunjalo, i-mikhail ilerionovich ngokwayo ayikholelwa koloyiso olukhulu kwaye yayiqhele ukutsho ukuba umkhosi kaNapoleon uya kuba nakho ukuphumelela kuphela ngoncedo lwenkohliso.
Ekuqaleni, i-mikhail ilariovich, kunye ne-Barclass yakhe yaseBarclay de Tolly, wakhetha ukuphelisa utshaba kunye nokufumana inkxaso. Kodwa uAlexander andizange ndineliseke sisicwangciso se-Kutzov kwaye sanyanzelisa ukuba iMkhosi ye-Napoleon ayifikanga kwikomkhulu. Ke ngoko, i-mikhail illariovich kwafuneka anike idabi eliqhelekileyo. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba isiFrentshi sangaphezulu komkhosi kaKutuzov samanani kunye neqonga, i-Marshal ngokubanzi ikwazi ukoyisa i-napoleon kwi-borodino ye-1812.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngokutsho kwamanye amahemuhemu, i-Commander yokuqala ye-lover iye yaba yi-Uyanandrovich eqinisekileyo, eyakhayo kwi-malosiy nobyleman alexandrovich. UKutov waqhelana nolu ntsapho, ukuba ngumfana owaziwayo ongena kwisihloko esincinci.
UMisikali waqala ukutyelela i-Ivan ilulach epholileyo kwaye ngambini ngenye imini wayenjengentombi yomhlobo, ophendule uvelwano. UMikhail no-Uyana baqala ukudibana, kodwa abathandi abakhange baxelele iziqholo zabo kubazali. Kuyaziwa ukuba ngexesha lolwalamano lwabo, le ntombazana yagula ngesifo esiyingozi, ekungekho nto ingekhoyo iyeza.
Umama ka-Uyana wafunga ukuba intombi yakhe uyibuyisele, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuhlawula ngosindiso lwakhe - ngekhe atshate. Ngenxa yoko, umzali obeke ikati yentombazana i-ultimatum, eyayalela ubuhle besithsaba sokucuthwa. I-Uyona ifunyenwe, kodwa uthando lwayo ngoKutuzov lwanda, thetha ukuba abantu abaselula banyula usuku lomtshato.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kombhiyozo, le ntombazana yagula ishushu kwaye yoyika ukuthanda kukaThixo, yamgatya intanda. I-Kutzov ayisanyanzeli kwimidlalo yomtshato: Iindlela zabathandi zaza zahlulwa. Kodwa intsomi ithi uAlexandrovich akazange alibale mikhail ilarionovich kwaye amthandazele kude kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yakhe.
Kuyaziwa ukuba ngo-1778, i-mikhail kutuzov yenze isicelo sezandla kunye neentliziyo zikaCatherine Ilyliinichna bibikova kwaye intombazana iphendule imvume. Abathandathu bazalwa emtshatweni, kodwa amazibulo uNikolai wafa kwasebusaneni.
I-Ekaterina yaluthanda iincwadi, iziganeko zeqonga. Intanda ka-Cybozov ichithe imali engaphezulu kunokuba wakwazi ukuyifumana, kwafumana ukuphindezela emyeni wakhe. Kwakhona, eli nenekazi lalisekuqaleni, abantu ababephila ngexesha lobudala, uCatherine Illiinichna banxibe inenekazi elincinci.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba inkosikazi yakhe iKutzov ikwazile ukubona i-Vanya i-Vanya Turgenev-kwixa elizayo umbhali omkhulu, owenze iqhawe-nihilist bazarov. Kodwa ngenxa yeflegic ye-eccentric, inenekazi elidala, phambi kokuba abazali be-turgenev babezizilolo, benza umbono ocacileyo kwinkwenkwe. UVanya, awunamdla, uthe:
"Ufana kakhulu nenkawu."Ukufa
Ngo-Epreli 1813, uMikhail Ilariovich wayebanda kwaye weza esibhedlele kwidolophu yaseBunzlau. Ngokwembali, uAlexander ndafika esibhedlele, ukuze nditsho into entle ukuya kwi-marshal ye-marshal, kodwa izazinzulu zichaze olu lwazi. I-mikhail illariovich isweleke i-16 (28) ka-Epreli 1813. Emva komsitho ombi, umzimba ka-feldmarshal wakhathazeka wathunyelwa esixekweni kwi-neva. Umngcwabo wenzeka kuphela nge-13 (25) ngoJuni. Ingcwaba loMthendeleko omkhulu lukwiCaputa yeKazan, eSixeko saseSt. Petersburg.
Kwinkumbulo yemfazwe enetalente, amagcisa kunye namaxwebhu asuswa, izikhumbuzo zanikelwa kwizixeko ezininzi zaseRashiya, kunye negama elinguKutov elibizwa ngokuba ngumkhweli kunye nenqanawa yemoto. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, eMoscow yi-Kutow ye-Kutov yeMusem yeMusem, ezinikezelwe kwiBhunga leMikhosi kwi-Fissiers 1 (13) kaSeptemba 1812.
Iinyani ezinomdla
- Ngo-1788, uKutuzov wathatha inxaxheba kwisaqhwithi se-ochal, apho wayenzakele khona. Nangona kunjalo, i-mikhail illariovich ikwazi ukukhohlisa ukufa, kuba imbumbulu yahamba ngendlela yakudala. Ke ngoko, emva konyaka, umphathi omele walwa phantsi kweSixeko saseMoldova, kwaye ngentsimbi ye-1790 sabonisa inkalipho nenkalipho ye-Izmar i-Izmail.
- I-Kutzov yayingumKayita weTrastita Platon uZudov, nangona kunjalo, ukuba liqabane lomntu onempembelelo kuBukhosi baseRussia (emva kweCatherine II), i-marshal yentsimi kwafuneka isebenze. I-mikhail illariovich ivuza iyure ngaphambi kokuvuswa kwe-plato aleksandrovich, ephekiweyo kwaye ichaze isiselo esivuyiweyo kwi-blur.
- Abanye baqhele ukumela imbonakalo yomhlobo kunye ne-bandet kwiliso lasekunene. Kodwa isiqinisekiso saseburhulumenteni sokuba i-mikhail illariovich ayinxibe le nto, nokuba le babed ibingenakufuneka njani. Imibutho ene-pirate ivele kubathandi bembali emva kokukhululwa kwefilimu yeSoviet Vladimir Perova "Kutuzov" (1943), apho sasibonakala khona kwisikhokelo esinjalo, apho sasihlala simbona.
- Ngo-1772, umcimbi obalulekileyo wenzeka kwi-biography yomphathi. Ukuba phakathi kwabahlobo, iMikhail eneminyaka engama-25 ye-Mutuzov yazivumela ukuba ihlebeze inkalipho: Wayedlala indawo ephuculweyo, apho umphathi-mkhosi wase-Peter Alexandrovich Rumyantsev wayechasile. Ngaphantsi kwe-goort goot-gott tuzov ibonisa umntu osebenza naye i-gait kwaye wazama ukulikhuphela ilizwi lakhe, kodwa uRumyantsev akazange athande ukuba afumane enye inkosana phantsi komyalelo wePrince Voldoruko.
Imemori
- Ngo-1941 - "Colntonia Kutuzov", M. Bragen
- Ngo-1943 - Kutuzov, V.m. I-Petrov
- Ngo-1978 - "Kutuzov", P.A. Zhilin
- Ngo-2003 - "feldmarshal kutuzov. Iintsomi kunye nezibakala, N.A. Trotsky
- "" "Uzuko lwentaka", s.p. Alekseev
- Ngo-2008 - "unyaka we-1812. I-curemicle ye-curemicle", s.n. Ischul
- Ngo-2011 - "Kutuzov", Leont Rakovsky
- Ngo-2011 - "Kutuzov", eleg mingailov