Biography
I-Mikhail Kalashnikov - iSoviet kunye noMyili waseRussia, uMdali weKalashnikov, oqhelene nayo kubahlali bawo onke amazwe.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-mikhail timofeevich kalashnikov yazalwa ngoNovemba 10, 1919. UMama Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov yilali yeKhuthayi. Umyili wenzeka kwintsapho enkulu, apho bazalwa khona abantwana abayi-19, kodwa bangama-8 kuphela abasindayo, kuquka i-mingail timofeevich. Abazali bakaKalashnikov babengabalingane.
I-Timofey Alexandrovich ngo-1930 yaqatshelwa njengenqindi, ngoko ke le ntsapho yathunyelwa kwilali yengingqi ye-mongovaya ye-gomsk. Njengomntwana, umyili omncinci wabonisa umdla kwiindlela zobugcisa, efundela imigaqo-nkqubo yokusebenza kweendlela. Kwiminyaka yesikolo, i-Kalashnikov ibonakalise ulwazi lwejometri kunye ne-physiks, kodwa yayimnika uncwadi ngokulula.
Kuphela kusemva kokuphumelela, i-mikhail timofeevich igqiba kwelokuba ibuyele e-Altayi, kodwa andifumananga msebenzi kulo mmandla, ndabuya nosapho. Ngenxa yosapho lwe-cist, alikwazanga ukufumana incwadana yokundwendwela i-Kalashnikov, kodwa emva koko yaphosa itywina lomyalelo wendawo kwisatifikethi kwaye olu xwebhu lwalusesandleni.
I-mikhail ibuye kwi-Altai. Ngeli xesha, kukho umntu okokuqala nesixhobo sezixhobo. Umfana wakwazi ukukwazi ukukhulula ipistol ye-brown. Xa uKalashkov waphelisa iminyaka eli-18 ubudala, uMyili ushukuma eKazakhstan. Indoda eqeshiweyo kwidepho yesikhululo samama Matchstan-eribey. I-mikhail ayizange inxibelelane nje nezitshixo kunye nooMachists, kodwa bafumana ulwazi malunga nendlela ethandwayo ukususela ebuntwaneni.
Ngo-1938, uMikhail timofeeevich waya kukhonza emkhosini obomvu. Inkonzo yenzeka kwiSithili soMkhosi weKiev. Emva kwexesha elithile, i-Kalashnikov yaba ngumchweli womqhubi wetanki, emva koko uMyili watshintshelwa kwiCandelo le-12 letanki. Ngexesha lenkonzo kwiindawo ezinomkhosi obomvu, i-mikhail yadala i-shots ye-shots kwi-shots kwi-nunk gun. Kwakhona, phakathi kophuhliso lomfana oselula, izixhobo zazisenziwa ukuba zandise ukusebenza kokudubula kwe-TT Pistol, imitha yetanki.
Ngo-1942, esi sixhobo sathunyelwa kwimveliso yobuninzi. Ngelishwa, izenzo zomkhosi zithintele ukuphunyezwa kweprojekthi. Malunga nesixhobo se-Kalashnikov sinikwe ingxelo yomphathi weSithili saseKiev, ngokubanzi somkhosi, uGeorgy Zhukov.
Emva kwengxoxo, i-mingail timofeeevich ithunyelwa kwisikolo saseKiev Tank, apho wenza khona apho akha iiprototypes kwaye enze uphando. Emva kwexesha, i-Kalashnikov ihamba eMoscow, apho iyaqhubeka nokusebenza kwizixhobo. Sele kwisityalo seLeningrad. I-Voroshialova Mikhail ene-masters iguqule ikhawuntara.
Umyili omkhulu
Ngexesha leMfazwe Yezwe Kakhulu, iKalashnikov ifumene ukwenzakala kakhulu, kangangeeveki ezininzi waphathwa esibhedlele, kwaye emva kwendoda ithunyelwe kwiholide. Ngeli xesha, i-miselail timofeevich, ezinikezelwe kukudalwa kompu wompu.Emva kwesampuli yakhe iziswe kwimeko oyifunayo, i-Kalashnikov yamthumela kukhuphiswano. IKOMITI YOKUQESHWA AKUKHO BUNGILE, NGOKU, Ngokweengcali, izixhobo ziyabiza kwaye zinzima. Ukuthelekisa, kwenziwa ii-PPs kunye ne-PPS. Ngaphandle koku, italente yomyili yaqaphela.
Ngo-1942, i-mikhail timofeeevich ithatha inkonzo kulawulo oluphambili lomkhosi obomvu. Indoda inikezela izixhobo kwizikhundla zabasebenzi. Ubunkokeli kungekudala banika i-kalashnikov Umsebenzi omtsha: Umyili kwakufuneka ukuphucula isixhobo, sithatha i-carridge "ePhakathi" nge-caliber ene-7.629 mm. Umpu okanye umatshini kufuneka ube noluhlu lwe-Rhoti malunga neemitha ezingama-200-800.
Ukongeza kwi-miselail timofeevich, oohlukeneyo abasele babe namava abathathe inxaxheba kukhuphiswano. Enkosi kule, i-carabiner ye-curabiner i-Simonov ivele emkhosini, umpu womatshini we-vardcorev. I-Kalashnikov ye-Automaton imele uyilo oluntsonkothileyo. Akukho nanye yeesampulu zempundu eya kwiimfuno zolu khuphiswano. Inqanaba lokuqala liphele ngohlaziyo, kwaye okwesibini - uloyiso lwabathathi-nxaxheba abancinci. Kwi-Intanethi unokubona i-put kalashnikov, onomdla kulo msebenzi.
I-mikhail timofeeevich yayingangxami ukuba ibandakanyeke kwizinto ezintsha, kwaye izimvo zomongezo zomyili azinakubizwa. Ngeli xesha, umatshini wenziwe ukusuka kwiiyunithi ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye neendlela ezivavanywayo ekusebenzeni. Izixhobo zinokudubula nakweyiphi na imeko, kubandakanya emva kokuwa kwamanzi, ubumdaka. Akukho bunzima ekucoceni nasekuhleni.
Ngenxa yemizobo edumileyo, umatshini we-Kalashnikov unokwenziwa kwizixhobo ezikhoyo kwizixa eziphezulu. Ixabiso lezixhobo libonwa njengezantsi. I-mikhail timofeevich idala umatshini ozenzekelayo hayi njengoyilo, kodwa njengejoni eliqhelekileyo, elibalulekileyo ukuba ifowuni ilula, ilula kwaye iyaziqonda kwaye iyaziqonda.
Kwi-30, i-mikhail kalashnikov yaba yi-Laurement yebhaso le-stalinist. Umyili ufumene iodolo yenkanyezi ebomvu yophuhliso olukhethekileyo. Kwangoko emva koko, umatshini watshintshelwa kwimveliso yesityalo se-Izvivian Armory. Umyili wafudukela e-UdMortor ukuba uthathe inxaxheba ekudalweni kwezixhobo. I-mikhail timofeevich ihlala iphuculwe ngokuqulatha.
Ixesha elide, i-Kalashnikov izamile ukuseka imveliso, kuba kufunyenwe umtshato omninzi, kubandakanya nebhokisi yomzimba. Ingcali yeTekhnoloji yeTekhnoloji, yamisa ukhetho kwindlela yokugaya, ephumelela kakhulu ukwenziwa kwezixhobo. Ngokukhawuleza nje xa ingxaki yagqitywa, ibuyiselwe kumbono wokuqala.
Kungekudala imipu ye-pumesmith yadala utshintsho olutsha lwe-AKM. Ukusukela ngeli xesha, oomatshini kunye nomatshini we-guns kalashnikov baba zezona ntlobo ziphambili zentsana, njengoko indalo yeSimonov kunye neCarttyvv isuswe kwimveliso. Kwi-70s, bagqiba kwelokuba bathathe i-carcedges engenanto ephantsi 5.45x39 mm. Ukhuphiswano lubhengezwe phakathi kwabaqulunqi. I-mikhail timofeevich yaphinda yafumana uloyiso.
Ukubuyela kwi-50s, izixhobo zikaKalashnikov zaqala ukunikwa amanye amazwe kumbutho wesivumelwano seWarsaw, kwamanye amazwe apho i-USSR yayibudlelwane obunobuhlobo. Kodwa imakethi yesemazantsi emnyama yachuma ngaloo mihla, abasebenzi abaninzi abaphantsi baqala ukukopa ukudalwa kweMikhail timofeevich.
Iinkampani zangaphandle zathatha njengesiseko se-Kalashnikov ezizenzekelayo, kodwa zigqitywe zizinto zazo, ezazibonakaliswa ikakhulu kuyilo olutsha. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba isixhobo sifumene igama elitsha kwilizwe ngalinye, i-AK ihleli. I-Kalashnikov ye-Automaton ye-Automaton yenye yezona zinto zithandwa kakhulu kwaye zithembekile kwihlabathi. I-AK ithatha i-15% yeLizwe leSixhobo.
Ngo-1963, i-mikhail timofeevich yaqalisa ukuqhubela phambili i-RPC efakwe kwi-butt ye-butt kunye nelogo yasebusuku. Kwangelo xesha, i-Kalashnikov izamile ukuphucula i-pistol ezenzekelayo ye-9x18 yeekhatriji. Kodwa i-pumesmith ayikwazanga ukukhuphisana ne-stechkin. I-mikhail timofeevich, i-mingail timofeeevich, ayikwazanga ukuhlawula imali eyaneleyo kolu phuhliso.
Sele ngonyaka we-1970, i-Kalashnikov izamile indawo entsha yomsebenzi - ukuzingela iikhabhathi. Njengoko isiseko sempundu sathatha umatshini wakhe. Ngokukhawuleza emva kovavanyo, kwathunyelwa iKarabina ukuba ibe yimveliso. Ngo-1992, inkosi idala i-carabiner yokuzingela i-surabiner ", i-saiga", ixhotywe ngegama elibonakalayo.
Ubomi Buqu
Kwibhayiloji ye-mikhail Kalashnikov kukho imitshato emi-2. Umfazi wokuqala wendoda yayingu-Ekaterina Dalovna Atakhov, owazalwa kwi-Altali iMtikela, emva kokuba esebenza kwisikhululo sikaloliwe besikhululo sikaloliwe. Ngo-1942, unyana kaVictor wabonakala entsatsheni. Emva kwexesha, i-mikhail timofeeevich kunye ne-Ekaterina Dadilovna yahlukana. Iqabane elineqabane lam kunye nomntwana lihleli eKazakhstan. Ngo-1956, kwafa ibhinqa lafa ngequbuliso, ke i-kalashnikov idlulisele kunyana kwi-Izhevsk.
Umfazi wesibini uMikhail timofeeevich waba yi-Ekaterina viktorovna moiseeva. Ibhinqa lasebenza njengomcebisi woyilo. Ukusuka kumtshato wokuqala, eli bhinqa lalinentombi nelili. Kodwa i-Kalashnikov yasungula intombazana.
Emva kwexesha, usapho lwabonakala kusapho - uNatalia no-Elena, ohlala phantsi isithuba sikamongameli weSiseko soLuntu esiPhili. M.t. Kalashnikova. Ngelishwa, uNatalia wasweleka kwiminyaka engama-30. I-Mikhail timofeeevich yahamba utata notat'omkhulu. Abantwana babonisa abazukulwana abahlanu: UMikhail, uAlexander, evgenia no-Alexander, i-Igor.
Ukufa
I-Calashnikov Iingxaki zempilo zavela ngo-2012. Inkqubo yokuhamba kukaMyili yatsho ukuba le yayingunobangela wokukhathalela emsebenzini. NgoDisemba waloo nyaka, indoda yayilaliswa esibhedlele kwiRiphabliki yeRiphabhlikhi kunye ne-Uxilostic ye-UDMMOTIAN YOKUVAVANYA. Enye into eyenziweyo yentlalontle irekhodwe ngehlobo lowama-2013. Ngenqwelomoya kwinqwelomoya yeCandelo leeNtsimo eziNgxamisekileyo nezixhobo ezizodwa, i-mikhail timofeevich yathunyelwa eMoscow."Ngokunxulumene nesidingo sovavanyo lonyango, oogqirha bagqiba kwelokuba bathumele i-mingail timofeevich kwenye yeekliniki zeMoscow," iSebe leCandelo leNgxibano.Oogqirha baseMoscow bafunyaniswe yi-gunmith rombolelbolism ye-pulmory yomthambo. Kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa kwi-Kalashnikov, i-corpeli ye-corpelin mestoolitan ogqirha. Ngenxa yoko, impilo-ntle yendoda iphuculwe, emva koko uMyili wabuyela ekhaya kwi-Izhevsk.
NgoNovemba, i-mikhail timofeeevich iphinde yaziva imbi, ke i-17 yoMyili yayilahliwe esibhedlele kwiZiko lokuBala kwiKlinikhi yeKlinikhi yeKlinikhi yeKlinikhi yeKlinikhi yeKlinikhi yeRiphabhlikhi. Izalamane zikaKalashnikov zikholelwa ukuba imeko ye-pumesmith ichaphazele amalungiselelo emibhiyozo malunga ne-94 yeminyaka ye-mikhail timofeevich.
Ekuqaleni kukaDisemba, i-Kalashnikov iqhuba imisebenzi engxamisekileyo, kodwa ungenelelo lotyando lwaba luye lwaya mandundu imeko yomgcini. Emva kwenyanga, uphuculo olubonakalayo aluzange lubone oogqirha. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokufa kwempundu etshintshelwe kukhathalelo olunzulu ngenxa yokopha. Ukufa kukaMikhail Timofeeevich kwaziwa ngoDisemba 23.
I-farewell ukuya kwi-mikhail kalashnikov yenzeka nge-25 kaDisemba, i-26, kwaye ipanid yenzeka kwiCakhailovsky ye-Izvsk. Ngokunxulumene nokufa komyili e-UdMorto, ukulila kwimiyalelo yentloko yengingqi ebhengeziweyo. Umngcwabo we-Kalashnikov wabanjwa kwi-pantheon yamagorha amangcwaba eSikhumbuzo emkhosini.
Kumsitho wokungcwaba, amagosa kunye nabantu abaphambili bakaRhulumente, kubandakanya iVladimir Spigo, i-Andrei Voroby Ivanov, iDesis Mntaurov, yayikho kumsitho wokungcwaba. Uvelwano luvakalise uMlawuli Jikelele we-Chezov's Jikelele weNkampani yeNkampani ye-Rostech. Isikhumbuzo eMikhail Kalashnikov savela kwigadi ye-moscow. Umyili wesixhobo esidaliweyo sanikwa iimbasa "I-Golden Star" kunye "neRhasi kunye neHammer".
Imemori
Kwinkumbulo ye-inventri enkulu, uninzi lwamagcisa kunye nepeyinti ebhaliweyo yadutyulwa. Enye yeefilimu ezikhanyayo - "Kalashnikov", epapashwe kwi-2020. Indima ye-mingail timofeevich idlale i-Actor Yuri Boriov.
Izinto
- I-Inetial Shots Shots zemipu yetanki
- I-AK-47
- I-Kalashnikov
- I-Kalashnikov
- I-Kalashnikov Somatshini 100 Series
- I-carbine yokuzingela i-carbine "
- I-Kalashnikov
Amabhaso
- Ngo-1946 - Imbasa "yoloyiso kwiJamani kwiMfazwe yeMfazwe ye-1941-1945"
- Ngo-1947 -Umyalelo wohlaziyo luka-Okthobha
- Ngo-1949 - I-Red Star Order
- Ngo-1958, ngo-1969, 1976 - i-odolo ye-lenin
- Ngo-1958, 1976 - iqhawe lentlalontle
- Ngo-1958, ngo-1976 - imbasa "
- Ngo-1975 -Umyalelo wesibhengezo esibomvu
- Ngo-1982-I-odolo yohlobo lwabantu
- Ngo-1985-I-odolo yeMfazwe yeLizwe leThe Dis
- Ngo-1993 - Zhukov Megali
- 1994-I-odolo "yeenkonzo zikaTatands" II Degree
- Ngo-1998 -Umyalelo wompostile oNgcwele uAndrei kuqala
- Ngomhla wama-2004 -Ukuhlala "kwi-meririt yomkhosi"
- Ngo-2009 - iqhawe leRussian Federation
- Ngo-2009 - i-medional "inkanyezi yegolide"