Biography
Ngaba abafundi bawukhumbula kangakanani umbhali omnye kuphela? Umzekelo, uKen Kizi ukhumbula ukuba "ukubhabha ngaphezulu kwendlwana ye-cuckoo", iJerome ye-Sallinger - kwi-Pie "ngaphezulu kwe-pie", kunye ne-patrick susfumer "kwinoveli". " Ababhali kunye nemisebenzi yabo bangaphandle, ukuze nibhale yonke into ekungaguquguqukiyo. Kodwa indlela yokuba ababhali basekhaya - kunye neAlexander Griboedov, umzekelo?Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umbhali wexesha elizayo kunye noDiplomas eMoscow wazalwa. Kwiincwadi zezifundo kuncwadi abayibhalayo zenzekile ngoJanuwari 1785, kodwa iingcali zithandabuza oku - ezinye iinyani kwibhayiloji yakhe zimangalisa kakhulu. Kukho ingcinga yokuba uAlexander wazalwa kwiminyaka emihlanu ngaphambili, kwaye umhla obhaliweyo wabhalwa ngomnye, kuba ngexesha lokuzalwa, abazali bakhe babengatshatanga, ababengazange baqonde ngalo kuloo minyaka.
Ngendlela, ngo-1795, uAlexander Griboedov wazalwa uMzalwana uPawulos, owathi, ngelishwa, wasweleka kwiminyaka yentsana. Eyona nto inokwenzeka, yayiyisatifikethi sakhe sokuzalwa esathi kamva njengombhali. USasha wazalelwa kwintsapho ebalaseleyo, eyayikhokelele i-pole ye-yana gzhibovsky ezazifudukele eRussia. Ifani ye-Griboanyeova lukhunilo lwe-preen pole.
Inkwenkwe ikhula ngoThixo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye amandla. Imfundo yokuqala efunyenwe ekhaya, iincwadi zokufunda - abaphandi eyahlukeneyo berhane ukuba oku kungenxa yomhla ofihliweyo wokuzalwa. Utitshala kaSasha wayethandwa ngaloo minyaka i-Ivan Petrozaliya.
Ngaphandle kobunzulu, amaqhinga e-hooligan afunyanwe iGriboedov: Kanye ngexesha lokutyelela iCawa yamaKatolika, inkwenkwe iphumeza ingoma yokudanisa "i-kamariadayi" emzimbeni kunabefundisi-ntsapho. Emva kwexesha, sele ungumfundi weDyunivesithi yaseMoscow State, uSasha uza kubhala i-caustic parody ebizwa ngokuba yi "DMITCY STOWSKAYA", eya kuyibeka kwingxaki.
Kwanangaphambi kokuba ufunde iYunivesithi yaseMoscow State Griboedov ingenele ipension yaseMoscow eyunivesithi nge-1803. Ngo-1806 ingena kwisebe lomlomo kwiYunivesithi yaseMoscow State, ephela kwiminyaka emi-2.
Emva kweGriboedov, ithatha isigqibo sokuncancisa iiofisi ezimbini-phrico-Mathematics nezobupolitika. UAlexander ufumana inqanaba lezenzululwazi. Uceba ukuqhubeka nokufunda kwaye uqhubeke, kodwa izicwangciso zokuhlasela i-napoleon.
Ngexesha leMfazwe yeThindwe kabini ye-1812, umbhali wexesha elizayo wajoyina uluhlu lwamagqabantshintshi eMoses Gusar Gusar, owakhokelela ukubalwa kukaPeter Ivanovich Saltykov. Babhalise kwizidumbu kunye nabanye abafuduki abavela kwiintsapho ezintle - iGolitsyn, eFimovyky nabanye.
Uncwadi
Ngo-1814, i-Griboedov iqala ukubhala imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala enzulu, eyisincoko "kwimingxunya" kunye ne-thedy "amaqabane emidlalo", eyindawo ye-parody yedrama yosapho yaseFrance.
Kunyaka olandelayo, uAlexander ufudukela eSt. Petersburg, apho agqibe khona. Kwi-St.
Ngo-1816, iba lilungu le-masosge Lodge "I-United", kwaye kunyaka oququzelele ubuxoki bakhe - "ezilungileyo", eziya kuthi zahluke kwimibutho yaseClassical Massis kwinkcubeko yaseRussia ngokugxininisa kwinkcubeko yaseRussia. Kwangelo xesha, umbhali uqalisa ukusebenza "kwintlungu yengqondo" - izimvo zokuqala kunye nemizobo.
Ngehlobo le-1817, i-Griboedov ingena kwinkonzo yoluntu kwiKholeji yeMicimbi yezaMali, kuqala njengonobhala wePhondo, kwaye kamva - njengomguquleli. Kwakuloo nyaka, i-Grioedov Esles i-Alexander Puykin noWilhelm Kuhehelbeckecker.
Kubo bobabini, uya kuthuthula kwaye angaphezu kokukhanya ebomini bakhe obufutshane. Nokuba usebenza njengokuba unobhala wephondo, lo abhale umbhali kwaye ipapashe i "Lubchki Theatre", kwakunye comedy "Student", "ukukrexeza kokuzenzisa" yaye "nomtshakazi otshatileyo". 1817 Iphawulwe kubomi beGriboedov kunye nomnye umsitho - i-Leedarple Duel, isizathu sokuba iBallrina Avdoyta i-Avdoyta (njengehlala inikezelwe.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kuphela i-zavadovsky kwaye iSheremebiv yayidutyulwe ngo-1817, i-duel gribovov noYakubovich yenzeka ngonyaka xa umbhali waseRussia eSimon Mazarovich in Persia . Endleleni eya kwindawo yenkonzo, umbhali wenza idayari awabhala khona uhambo.
Ngo-1819, i-Griboedov yagqiba umsebenzi kwi "Ileta kumshicileli ovela kwi-TIFLIS" noMbongo "Uxolo, utata". Amaxesha okuzenzekelayo ahambelana nexesha lenkonzo ePersi aya kuvela nakwibali "le-vagina" kunye ne "Andanur Harratine". Kwakuloo nyaka, wafumana i-odolo yengonyama kunye nelanga lesidanga sokuqala.
Umsebenzi ePersi wawungafani nombhali, ngoko ke wasilangazelela isandla sakhe ngo-1821, ngenxa yokuba enkosi ngokulimala, umbhali wakwazi ukudlulisela eGeorgia - kufutshane nelizwe lakhe. Ngo-1822, iba ngunobhala kwinxalenye yozahlulo phantsi kwe-Alexei Jetrovich yermolaev. Emva koko ubhala aze apapasha idrama "1812", azinikele kwimfazwe yokuthand 'izwe.
Ngo-1823, ushiya inkonzo iminyaka emithathu ukubuyela kwilizwe lawo aze aphumle. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, uhlala eSt. Petersburg, eMoscow nakwilifa lomhlobo wakudala kwilali yaseDmitmitrovsky. Ukugqiba umsebenzi kuhlelo lokuqala lweHolide kwi "ntando ukusuka engqondweni", esele inike uphononongo lwe-Kryonov yeKrycov. U-Ivan Andrereenich wawuxabisa umsebenzi, kodwa walumkisa ukuba abantu ababambili bangaphoswa.
Ngo-1824, uGriboedov ubhala umbongo esithi "UDavid", uDavid "ukukopela inkohliso", sketch "kunye nenqaku elinobunzima" kunye nenqaku elinobuxoki "kunye nokuxoka." Kunyaka olandelayo kwaqala ukusebenza ngokuguqulelwa kwe "goust" uTheethe, kodwa akwazi ukugqiba "kuphela kwiholo yethiyetha". Ekupheleni kuka-1825, ngenxa yesidingo sokubuyela kwinkonzo kwanyanzeleka ukuba angavumi ukuya eYurophu, endaweni yokuya kwiCaucasus.
Emva kokuthatha inxaxheba kuhambo, i-Alexey Alexey Alexandrovich Veljaminov ibhala umbongo "nge-subpets ngaphezulu kwe-chegel". Ngo-1826, wabanjwa waza wathunyelwa kwikomkhulu lemisebenzi ye-enkqozo, kodwa emva kweenyanga ezintandathu wakhululwa emngcwabeni waza wabuyiselwa kwinkonzo ngenxa yokunqongophala kobungqina ngokuthe ngqo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphononongwa kombhali kusekwe.
Ngo-1828, i-Griboedov yathatha inxaxheba ekutshintsheni kweSivumelwano seTurkmanchai. Kwakuloo nyaka, wafumana i-odolo ye-St. Anne's Degree kwaye utshatile. Umbhali ongakumbi akaphumelelanga ukubhala nantoni na kwaye upapashe, nangona kwizicwangciso zawo zazininzi, phakathi kwazo izicwangciso zophando zakwa-vladimir ezinkulu kunye ne-vladimir moculo. Ngokutsho kubo, iGriboedov yayinokubakho, ingaphantsi kweShakespeare.
Ubomi Buqu
Kukho ithiyori ukuba i-duel ezine ye-1817 yenzeka ngenxa yokufumana ubunzima obufutshane be-gribolov nge-ballerina ye-inserina yentsusa, kodwa akukho zibali zingqina le hypothesis. Ngo-Agasti 22, 1828, umbhali utshatile i-Georgia Aristorat ye-chavchavaldadze, yeyiphi i-alexander ye-alexandervich ngokwakhe ebizwa ngokuba yiMadonna Baral Mulillo. Ukubhengeza isibini kwiZiyon Catthedral kwi-Tiflis (ngoku - i-Tnilisi).
Ekupheleni kuka-1828, uAlexander noNina baqonda ukuba ulindelwe. Kungenxa yoko le nto umbhali wanyanzelisa ukuba umfazi ahlala ekhaya ngexesha lemishini yakhe engu-mbassy elandelayo kunyaka olandelayo, engazange abuyele kuyo. Iindaba malunga nokusweleka komyeni zothuswe yintombazana encinci yothuke. Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha kwenzeka, umntwana wazalelwa efile.
Ukufa
Ekuqaleni konyaka we-1829, i-Griboedov yanyanzeleka ukuba iye kwi-Embass Stossing ukuya kulanda i-Ali shahu eTehran. Nge-30 kaJanuwari kwisakhiwo apho i-ofisi yezaziwa okwenziwe okwethutyana, iqela ezininzi le-farlim ye-mussim lahlaselwa (ngaphezulu kwewaka abantu).
Ukugcina ukuphumelela kumntu omnye, ngokwethuba elinyulu, kwavela kwelinye isakhiwo. UAlexander Griboededov wafunyanwa phakathi kwabafi. Umzimba wakhe ophekisiweyo wafundwa ngokulimasa kwesandla sasekhohlo, efunyenwe ngexesha le-duel ngembombo ye-Alexander Yakubovich ngo-1818.
I-Prithumoous Gethumoedov yanikwa i-odolo yengonyama kunye nelanga lenqanaba lesibini. Ndamngcwaba umbhali, njengokuba wayekrokrela - kwi-tifli, kwiNtaba yeMtatsminda, ebhalwe kwiCawa yaseSt. David.
Iinyani ezinomdla
- Abazali bakaGriovov babezizalamane ezikude: I-Anastasia Fedorovna yayine-sergey ivanovich yoMtshanana okwangoku.
- I-Sergey Ivanovich - Utata Griboedov - wayengumntu ongcakazayo. Kukholelwa ukuba ivela kuye ngokwalo ngelifa lelifa elinenkumbulo entle, enkosi apho wakwazi ukuba yiPolyglot. Kumoni wakhe apho sasisesiFrentshi, isiNgesi, isiTaliyane, isiJamani, isiAragic, eGiorkish, iPersia kunye nesiLatini samandulo, kunye nesiGrike.
- UDade Gribodenov - uMaria Sergeyevna - wayekho ngexesha elinye i-harp kunye ne-pianist. Umbhali ngokwakhe, ngendlela, owosiphangi kwaye wakwazi ukubhala iipiyano ezininzi.
- I-Griboode kunye nenye yezihlobo zayo amagcisa zachazwa kwi-canvas. Umfazi wombhali kuphela kwenye ethi ubanjiwe kwifoto.
I-Bibliography
- I-1814 - "Abatshati abancinci"
- I-1814 - "Malunga malunga ne-cavalryes
- I-1817 - "Ukuqhatha kwethiyetha"
- Ngo-1817 - "ukunqanda ukungathembeki"
- Ngo-1819 - "Ileta kumshicileli ovela kwi-Tifli"
- 1819 - "Uxolo, Saitand"
- 1822 - "1812"
- 1823 - "David"
- Ngo-1823 - "Ngubani lo mzalwana udade"
- 1824 - "Ifowuni"
- Ngo-1824 - "kwaye uqambe - uxoka, kwaye uguqulelwe-Li"
- I-1824 - "yeha ivela"
- Ngo-1825 - "Izilwanyana kwi-chegeme"