Biography
U-Lesya Ukrainki ngumbhali osebenze kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo, yiba ziinguqulelo ezikhethekileyo, i-pois, imibongo, i-bides okanye imidlalo. Ngobomi bakhe obufutshane, uLesya waqamba inani lemisebenzi kwaye wakhupha iindlela zomongo, owathi kamva wangena.
I-LALISA PETROVNACHANOHAK I-poeeds yekamva ikhule kwintsapho ebhaliweyo yemvelaphi, abazali bakhe bavela kwibhanki yase-Ukraine, inzala ye-malorosi cossack yaseJamani, ovumile inkolo yobuOthodoki.
Utata Lesi, Koshach Petro Antonovich, wayengumnini-mhlaba ofundileyo ovela kwi-Csssigovie, kwiminyaka yaseyunivesithi wathanda uncwadi, iMathematics kunye nolawulo. Emva kokuphumelela eKiev, iYunivesithi ingene kwiCouner yeKiev ingumgqatswa womphenguli ogwebayo. Utata wombhali waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe kunye nenqanaba lonobhala wekholeji kunye nenkonzo ebalaseleyo yatshintshelwa kwabacebisi beenkcukacha-manani.
I-Petro Antonovich yamkela iincwadi, umculo kwaye yakuthanda ukupeyinta. Kwindlu yakhe, amaqabane akhe ayehlala ehlanganisane ngenxa yemidla eyazinandipha iingoma, imisebenzi yeklasikhi, kwaye iphinde yaqaqambisa ipeyinti.
Umfazi kaPetro Antonovich, i-Ulga Petrovna, - udade odumileyo odumileyo uDramomova Mikhail Petrovich, wayithanda imisebenzi yokubhala. Ngokutsho kwamarhe, i-LALISA yayingeyonjongo ye-Olga Petrovna ngomntwana wam wamkelekile. Eli bhinqa alikwazanga kuphila kwakhona kwi-mikhail yabuzibulo, kwaye ukukhulelwa kwabenza nzima, kwaye emva kokuzalwa kwentombazana kunye nobisi kwakusekho kwaphela.
UOlga Petrovna wayengumfazi obhinqileyo, esazi iilwimi ezininzi: iYurophu, iSlavic, isiGrike samandulo. Umama wanika imfundo entle yabantwana, umzekelo, intombazana eneminyaka eli-19 ubudala, uLesya wayeyincwadi yokufunda oodade bebizwa ngokuba "yimbali yakudala yamadoda asempuma". Kuyaziwa ukuba umgcini wekhaya ugxile kwiincwadi ze-iUkraine kwilayibrari yeqela, eguqulelwe amabali eNikolai Vasneevich Gogol Gogol Gogol kwiLwimi yaseUkraine.
U-Lesia Ukraita wazisa udade omncinci we-olga (1877) noMoses uMikhail (1869). U-Mikhail Petrovich wayengakude kubuchule, ukusuka phantsi kwepeni yakhe yayinamabali aliqela amabali kunye nenoveli, epapashwe kwi-Arives. Waguqulela kulwimi lwenkobe njengeGongol noVladimir Korolenko, Gendle Seen, kunye noFrancis Brita Garth.
Umzalwana nodade bangenguye amanzi, apho bafumana khona abazali isidlaliso isidlaliso. Inkwenkwe nentombazana yafumana imfundo yasekhaya, yafundela ootitshala babucala. Umbhali wexesha elizayo wafunda ukufundelwa-ukuba ngumntwana oneminyaka emine, uLesya sele efundile iintsomi ezinamandla kwaye iphambili. Kwaye kubudala obuneminyaka emihlanu ubudala, ihlathi laqulunqa imidlalo encinci yomculo.
Ngo-1882, intsapho yaphinda yalungiswa kwintsapho yaseKoschai - intombi ka-Oksana yazalwa, yaza yazalela i-Mycola (1884) nase-Idore (1888). Ubuntwana bentombazana yayingeyonto ilifu: Xa ihlathi lalineminyaka eli-10 ubudala, yayibanda. Esi sifo saphuphuma nzima, iPetro Apnonovich Intombi inamava obuqaqambileyo emlenzeni nakwisandla sakhe. Ekuqaleni, oogqirha babekholelwa ukuba i-Ukraine yayingumkhweli okhethekileyo, kwaye le ntombazana yayiphathwa ngeebhate ezifudumeleyo kunye nokuphilisa iingcongconi. Kodwa yonke imizamo ibililize.
Ngo-1883, ihlathi lafunyaniswa linesifo se-tuberculosis, ngenxa yokuba intombazana isebenza kuyo kwaye yahlala iqhwabele. Ke ngoko, malunga nomfundi ongumfundi kaLesia, onomntwana ogqibe kakuhle umdlalo kwipiyano, kwakungekho ntetho.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, umbhali wexesha elizayo wazama ukwazi ukupeyinta kwaye akhethe isikolo esikhethekileyo, apho wafunda khona ukuzoba ivanovich ye-nikovice ivanovich phantsi kweliso. Kuyinyani, le ntombazana ayizange ibambene nge-tassels kunye neepeyintikile: ULosya wayengafuni ukwenza lo msebenzi womculi ngomsebenzi wakhe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kuphela umfanekiso omnye obhalwe ngu-poetess uhlala kweli xesha.
Uncwadi
U-Lesya Ukrainka waqulunqa umbongo wokuqala ngenxa yamava anyanisekileyo. Inyani yile yokuba ngentwasahlobo ye-1879, uAunt Elena Atonovna u-Kosanke wabanjwa wathunyelwa eSiberia kangangesithuba seminyaka emihlanu ngenxa yokuba abantu bangevayo kwi-Alexander romanovich. Kufanelekile ukutsho ukuba ihlathi kunye noManti i-Ely, uDade Petro Antonovich, ubotshelelwe ubudlelwane obufudumeleyo.
Eli bhinqa lalihlala libakhathalela abantwana, kwaye ubuhlobo bakhe kunye nombhali wexesha elizayo bashiya inyawo elibonakalayo kubomi bexesha elizayo kunye nokuyila koosekedo. Ukufunda malunga nokubanjwa, intombazana eneminyaka esibhozo ubudala ibhala umbongo wakhe wedrama obizwa ngokuba "Nidezhda" (1879-1880).
Xa i-larsa Kosch yayineminyaka eli-12 ubudala, yaqala ukubhala nokupapasha kwijenali "Zoryoa", kwaye ijongane neenguqulelo "zobusuku beefama kufutshane ne-Dikanka" Nikolai Gogol. Malunga nexesha elifanayo, intombazana yafumana iPleundugomm yeNdlela. Ngo-1883, ingqokelela yokuqala yemibongo yamanzi amancinci asebusweni "kumaphiko eengoma" ezaphuma.
Kufanelekile ukuthi izinto ezenziwayo zikaLesia ziqukuqela kwi-impiriyalizim, i-impition yomhlali wokuqala, kunye nomsebenzi waseUkraine, obhetyebhetye ngokucacileyo. I-Ukrainka ayizange ilandele ikhosi enye: intombazana ayizange iphikise ngayo, okanye izezingcali, kodwa ibizaliswe yimibono yoguquko. Kwimisebenzi yakhe fumana i-ency yezothando, endaweni yokwenene.
Emva kwehlathi itshatile, waqalisa ukusebenza kwimodi ekhawulezayo. Nge-5 kaMeyi, ngo-1907, isiUkraine sawuphumeza umbongo odumileyo "Aisha kunye ne-Mohammed", kwaye wonyule umsebenzi we "Cassandra", isiqalo esasibekwe ngo-1893. Kwiminyaka efanayo ka-1907, uLesya wasebenza kwimisebenzi "yentaba yaseZarnitsa", "ehlathini" kunye "noRokein noPrisila".
Ubomi Buqu
Inkosi yokuqala yehlathi yayingumzobo kawonkewonke iSeergey Merzhinsky, odibana naye ngo-1898. Kuyinyani, olu thando lwazisa i-larrovna ingamaphiko olonwabo, kodwa intaba enkulu: iSergey Konstantinovich isweleke sisifo sephepha. Ngaphambi nje kokuba ukusweleka kwe-Lesya yakhe ithandekayo yeza kwiSergey, kwaye kwenye yeendlela ezibandayo zobusika, i-biegraphy yobusika obubandayo, i-creagraphy "i-oders" (1901).
Ngo-1907, i-poetess yafudukela kwiNtloko ye-Clement vamentEevich kvitka, eyayijongwa njengenye yabasunguli be-shonografic yomculo yeSoviet yomculo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba abantu abaselula badibana ngo-1898, xa i-larrovna iphinda ibuye ibali lakhe "ngaphezulu kolwandle" kwiYunivesithi yeKiev yeYunivesithi yaseKiev.
UClement Vasnesevich wayegula nesifo sephepha, kwaye kunokutshiwo ukuba uCrimeya usandisa ubomi bakhe, kuba imozulu ethambileyo inyanzela isifo esibulalayo siye sabuya. Abathandi bemithetho ngokusemthethweni ubudlelwane nge-7 Agasti, 1907, kwakungekho bantwana kwisibini esitshatileyo.
Ukufa
Isifo esiqatha senze umbhali ngonaphakade ukuba aphanyazwe kwiindawo ekuchithelwe kuzo. Ke, kwiminyaka yokugqibela ye-larrovna kyoshach ehlala kumazwe ashushu-e-Egypt naseGeorgia. Nangona kunjalo, yonke imigudu yeLesia iya koyisa isifo sephepha samathambo, kwakubonakala ngathi esi sifo singabusi, kodwa ngokuchaseneyo, inkqubela phambili. Ukongeza, kuzo zonke izifo ze-larrovna zifumana isifo sezintso.
Kodwa, ngaphandle kokusilela komzimba, uLesya wafumana amandla okuba umsebenzi wendalo. Kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi, ungenise imisebenzi yeLyrical kwinkundla: ingoma ye-Dalma-ihlathi, umbongo ", ummangaliso ongu-Epic", "I-Orfeeevo".
Umbhali omkhulu waseUkraine wasweleka nge-19 kaJulayi (ngo-Agasti 1) ka-1913 kwiminyaka engama-42. Ingcwaba le-poetess likhona kumangcwaba ngebhayisekile eKiev. Kwinkumbulo ye-poetess enetalente, izitrato ezininzi zibizwa ngegama, iMyuziyam kunye neqonga lemidlalo yeqonga lezemidlalo yeRashiya ivulekile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ngo-2001 umzobo wehlathi ubekwe kwityala laseUkraine nge-200 hryvnia.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1893 - "Ngamaphiko eeNgoma"
- I-1899 - "iingcinga kunye nemifuno"
- I-1902 - "Imirhumo"
- Ingoma ye-1911 - "Ingoma yeHlathi"