Biography
Kwi-42, waba nguMarshal omncinci weSoviet Union. UBharon uPetros watorangile wakhankanya uPeter Tukhachevsky kwizeziloni, esithi "uzityhilela nge-napoleon yaseRussia." Emva kwexesha, uJoseph Stalin wavumelana ngesothungheli, ebiza incwadi yemkhosi yamabhongo.
Isazisi sikaMarshal Tukhachevsky uhlala ungoyena mpikiswano phakathi kweenkokeli zomkhosi waseSoviet. Ngaphezu koko, ukusasazeka kwezimvo zibanzi kangangokuba uMatshi ucinezelwe kwaye uvunyelwe ngu-Pediocre nobuqili, ngelixa ingxabano iyakholisa kuzo zombini iimeko.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
Imfazwe yexesha elizayo yazalelwa ebusika ngo-1893 kwiphondo le-Smolensk, kwi-Landlord yosapho uAleslovrovskoe. Utata - i-healing ingenabuthathaka iNikolai Tukhachevky kuphela komhlolokazi kwangoko kwaye uqhawulo mhlolokazi kwangoko. Umnini-mhlaba oselula walutyeshela ubude bocalucalulo kwaye utshatile ubuhle babangabantu abaPhakathi - iMaure Milohova. Emtshatweni, abantwana abaneminyaka eli-9 bazalwa, abane - oonyana. I-mikhail ivele kwisithathu. Waqala wafunda idiploma kwaye ufunde imihla.
Kumbandela wemvelaphi, uGeenus Tukhachev akafikanga kwi-subminati eqhelekileyo. Umanyano lubizwa ngokuba yi-Flemish Teris, eposelweyo ukuqala kwe-gestoy yedolophu. Abanye abaphengululi baphendula kumbuzo wobuzwe beMarshal, benza iingcambu zepolish zosapho. Ingxoxo yesithathu yokuba uMikhail Tukhachevsky ngumYuda wePoland. Ubungqina obubhaliweyo abunaso inguqulelo.
Umphathi wexesha elizayo ukusukela kubuntwana babonakalise iitalente ezikhundweyo. Inkwenkwe yayikhula ngobugcisa kunye nomculo, yandoyikisa umsebenzi wakhe wasekhaya kwaye wafunda ukudlala i-violin. Kodwa uninzi lwabo bonke, uMikhail wayefuna ukuya emanyathelweni omza-jikelele kunye nokwala udumo lomkhosi.
Kwindawo yokuzivocavoca ukuya kwiBanga lesine eliFundwayo ngaphandle kokukhuthala - inqaku eliphezulu yayingu "ezine" ngesiFrentshi. Inkwenkwe ihamba izifundo kwaye ibambe "ii-bobbies". UMlawuli weGymnasium, owayesazi ngeenjongo zokuba umfundi abe yindlela yomkhosi. Umlawuli wacacisa ukuMisa ngokuBASELISA NGOKWENZA ISIKOLO EZIQHELEKILEYO.
I-Penza Gymnasium Mikhail Táil Tukachevsky iphumelele ngembeko kwaye yangena kwi-Capital Corps. Ukuba ngoyena mfundi ubalaseleyo, kungekudala wafudukela kwisikolo somkhosi waseAlexander. Ngo-1914, lo mfana washiya iindonga zeziko lemfundo, ukubathathu kwabafundi abanamandla. Ibhayoloji yasemkhosini uMikhail Tukhachevsky waqala kwindawo yokuhlala, apho wenza khona i-surbopecus kwimfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala.
Umsebenzi womkhosi
Ngehlobo lowe-1914, uMikhail Tukhachevsky wanyula igosa elisezantsi. Kweli nqanaba, umkhosi oselula uthathe inxaxheba kwiimfazwe kunye namaJamani kunye nama-Austria eNtshona ngaphambili. Lo mfana wabonisa umnqweno wokuba yiminyaka eqhelekileyo ukuya kwiminyaka engama-30: amabhongo kunye nomnqweno kunye nokunqwenela ukuqhubekeka ngokukhawuleza kwizitepsi zamanqanaba ongeze isibindi. Iinyanga ezintandathu, uMichael wanikwa imiyalelo kahlanu.
Ngobusika bowe-1915, uMikhail Tukhachevsky wasebenza embindini wedolophu yaseLombrie. Ebusuku, amajoni aseJamani atshabalalisa inkampani, uTukhachevsky wasinda kummangaliso kwaye wabanjwa.
Emva kwemizamo emine yokubaleka abathinjiweyo ethuthwayo kwinkampu yaseGolstadt, apho bagcinwa khona amagqwirha. Apha uMikhail wadibana noMongameli weFrance ozayo ngu-Challey de galer. Isihlanu sabaleka ngoSeptemba 1917 saphumelela. Ngo-Okthobha, imbaleki yabuyela kwilizwe lakhe. UMisikail Tukhachevky wabhaliswa kwi-semenovsky, yathiwa umyalelo we-Roth.
Uhlaziyo
Emkhosini obomvu, uMikhail Tukhachevsky wangena kwivolontiya. Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1918 wanikwa umsebenzi ukuba asebenze kwiSebe lezeMkhosi le-Russian-Russian. Emva kokujoyina uluhlu lwamaKomanisi, uTukhachevsky wathunyelwa ukuba akhusele imali enkulu, enyula uMkomishinala wemikhosi.
Kunyaka olandelayo, i-Countssis yabantu yomkhosi wesi-5 owanikwa i-NARCE YAREC ROTSKY. I-mikhail tukhachevky intloko iphumele iphulo ngokuchasene namandla eAlexander kolbandek eSiberia, emva koko ke waqhubeka emhlophe. Ekupheleni kobusika owe-1920, uMikhail Tukhachevky wafudukela eKuban. Abakhweli bakhe bahlasela ngasemva lotshaba, abantu baseDenikini baseDenikini baphulukane, batyhalelwa kuLwandle Olonwabisayo.
Phantsi kweMfazwe yeMfazwe yaseburhulumenteni, uTukhachevsky wabhekiswa kumkhosi wesi-7 kwaye ngo-Matshi 1921 ucinezele i-ivrives eKronanst. Kwathunyelwa indoda yasemkhosini, yathunyelwa yimvukelo yamanqatha etambov, apho i-miselail tukhachevky ityhutyhekile, okokuqala, esebenzisa igesi yokuphambana kotshaba. Oogxa bakhe baphawula inkohlakalo yendoda yasemkhosini, eyathi yayalela ukudubula yabakhuseli ngaphandle kwetyala.
Ukusebenza kweBolsheviks ngexesha lemfazwe yaseSoviet-Poish kwakuphela: ukurhoxiswa kwe-Denassion, ekubalekeni okunamandla. Ekuqaleni, inkalipho yomphathi oneminyaka engama-27 ubudala waphumelela, kodwa emva konyuselo oluthe kratya, uMikhail Tukhachevsky obonke amandla. Phantsi kweWarsaw, imikhosi yakhe yaqhekeka ngeYuzef Pilsdudsky. Ukoyiswa kwi-Adgeperd Tukhachevsky kwakhunjulwa ngo-1937.
Kwimfazwe yaseSoviet-polish, uJoseph Stalin wathabatha inxaxheba. Emva kotshutshiso, uStalin noTukhachevsky batyhola bodwa. Ukuba yinkokeli yeqela ngo-1929, uStalin akazange alibale ngokulahlekileyo kaMikhail Tukhachevky. Ebakhulise abadeni, becwangcise ubundlobongela. Kodwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1930, uJosefu uJoseph Vissisriavich wayengekayixhasi inkxaso engenanto yala maqabane, ke ngoko inkokeli yaselula yasemkhosini basinda ukubanjwa kwakhe.
UMikhail Tukhachevsky wabhala enye yeencwadi kwimfundiso yemfazwe. Ngo-1931, "I-Boboaparte ebomvu" ephethe indima ekhokelayo ekuqulunqweni nasekusebenziseni umkhosi, kodwa izimvo zeMikhail Nikolayevich azixhasa i-stalin. Ukuqala kukaMikhail Tukhachevsky kulawulo lobugcisa olwazileyo: Iindlela ezinkulu zichithwe kwiipateni ezingathandekiyo. Umzekelo ngumzekelo we-stamo-jet jet.
Ngo-1935, uMikhail Tukhachevsky waba nguMarshal wase-USSR, amafu aqhekeze entlokweni yakhe. Amandla kaStalin aqinisa, ubunkokeli bakhe kwi-WCP (b) yayingeyomceli mngeni. NgoDisemba 1934, emva kokubulala eLeningrad, uSergei Kirov waqala uloyiko olukhulu. Ebutsheni be-1936 Tukhachevsky, kunye nabathunywa baseSoviet, batyelele iLondon, kumngcwabo weKing George V.
Ubomi Buqu
Uthando lomculo uMikhail Tukhachevsky usenyanyekeni ubomi bakhe bonke. Ukususela ngo-1925, wayengabahlobo kunye ne-shotakovich. Umqambi wayetyelele uMarshal. Ebudeni beminyaka yee-1930, xa ukugxekwa kweSoviet iwile kwi-Opera Shotakovich "Inenekazi Macbeth Mtsensky County", Tukhachevsky ikhusela imvumi. Kwiphambili, iMarshal yaphumelela uloyiso oluncinci kunakwindawo yokulwa. Abafazi bamkhathalela indoda entle karhulumente, ukuba namandla angaphelelanga kunye nokubonakala okuqaqambileyo.
Umfazi wokuqala kaMikhail Tukhachevsky waba yintombi yePuilza Railisman Maria Ignatiev. Badibana nebhola kwindawo yokuzivocavoca. Umanyano olwaphukileyo lwaluphumelela uvavanyo lwexesha: Ikamva le-RARHAL liphumelele i-Corps Corps, yadlula kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala, yajika imfazwe yamakhaya. E-Prenz, apho uAsha wayemlindile, uMikhail Tukhachevsky wafika ngomphathi womkhosi. Njengotata, uMikhail watshata intombazana ngaphandle kwentombazana.
Umfazi wahamba neendlela zomyeni wakhe, exhasa uMichael ngamaxesha anzima nasekuthandweni ngokuqhubekayo. Impazamo yakhe yayixhasa izalamane ngeminyaka elalambileyo. UMasha, esazi ukuba umfazi wenkokeli omkhulu wenqanawa akazange ayiyeke, agxothe iimveliso zawo kwiPuza.
Xa abanenkenteki bakunika ingxelo "yokuziphatha engafanelekanga" kumfazi kaTukhachevsky ohlaziyiweyo, i-ubilight mikhail nikolayevich iphakamise uMariya ukuba aqhawule umtshato. Umfazi wazibulala. Umhlolokazi oneminyaka engama-27 ubudala womngcwabo weqabane leqabane akazange eze, ukuba ayomkele imiba yombutho.
Umphathi wothando lwesibini wadibana ngo-1920, ekuweni. Emva kokusilela kwendlela yokusebenza kweSoviet-Polish, i-Tukhachevky ixhasa inkxaso. Uyifumene kumnqubo wasebunjini, afumene indlu yakhe ekufuphi. Ubuso oneminyaka eli-16 ubudala (uLidiya) babenemvelaphi entle. Ngobusika bowe-1921, uMikhail Tukhachevsky wanikela intombazana nentliziyo yentombazana. Umalume uLexesti unyanzelise ukuba abantu abancinci babeza kwenzekile ebandleni. Umphathi obomvu wavuma, kwaye umtshato oyimfihlo wenzeka.
Ukungena kwiCawe, abo batshatileyo babona iOntme, ibhokisi yomphefumlo ofileyo. Kunyaka emva koko, iqabane elikhulelweyo lazisa ukuba libuyela kwizalamane zakhe. U-Lika ufunde ngenkosikazi yakhe, uTatiana Chernoluskaya. UMikhail wayengafuni ukuba nenxaxheba nenkosikazi yakhe, kodwa eli bhinqa alizange lixole. Kungekudala emva koqhawulo mtshato, utshatile. Intombi yendoda uIrina yafa isuka eDiphetheria kwasebusaneni.
Ndikunye nomfazi wesithathu, uMarshal wahlangabezana noSmolensk. UKrasavitsa Yozhnik Nina Grinevich uphumelele ukuba ngumfazi ofundisiweyo. Intombi kaSvetlana yazalwa emtshatweni. Kodwa impilo yobomi ye-Tukhachev yayingelilo: UMarshal wafumana inoveli kunye neqabane lomfazi wakhe - uJulia Kuzmin. Intombi ephelileyo ibizwa ngokuba yiSvetlana.
Ukubanjwa kunye netyala lolwaphulo-mthetho
Umzuzu wobundlobongela kunye nexesha elide utshaba lwe-Tukachevsky Stalin walinda ngo-1937. UMarshal wakhululwa kwisikhundla sekhoboka lezokhuseleko saza sadlulisela kwimeko yomphathi weSithili seWowga. EKuibyshev, apho uMikhail Tukhachevky wafudukela kwintsapho yakhe, kwakulindeleke ukuba akhangele, ukubanjwa nokumangalela iyelenqe lorhulumente.
NgoMeyi 1937, uTukhachevsky wathunyelwa kwikomkhulu. I-NKVD, i-NKVD, eyakhokelela uNikolai Ezhov, yaphulukene nokwamkelwa kweMarshal kwinto yokuba wayeyi-Gamani yeJamani kwaye e-Uniman ne-Bokarin ephuhlise isicwangciso sokusebenzisa amandla. Emva kwexesha, i-NKVD I-Alexander Orlov yatsho ukuba iMarshal yamaxwebhu okhuseleko ngexesha lokukhangela, iStalin, ngokusebenzisana naye. I-Orlov yavuma ukuba uTukhachevsky wamitha, kodwa i-genessissimismus yayiphambi kwakhe yatshatyalaliswa.
Ngokutsho kwenye inguqulelo, nto leyo umbhali-mbali waseBritani ukubeka phambili uRobert Uloyiso, iintloko neenkonzo ezizodwa lwamaNazi Himmler kunye Heydrich wenza amaxwebhu fake malunga kuvumelana ka Tukhachevsky kunye Wehrmacht nxamnye Stalin. Inyani iwele ezandleni ze-stalin kwaye ihambe. Emva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, kwavela ukuba amaphepha akwi-marshal sushal tikhal thachevsky wenza indalo yeStalin, ilungelelanise ukuvuza kwe-fakerich.
Ukufa
NgoJuni 1937, ityala le-Marshal ye-SORHATON yeSoviet Union Tukhachevsky kunye nabaphathi bomkhosi omkhulu abanesibhozo bathathelwa ingqalelo kwintlanganiso evaliweyo yeNkundla yaseMkhosini. Umtyholwa akazange anike amagqwetha kwaye akavumelanga isivakalisi. Ngobusuku bangoJuni 11 kuye kwi-12, abantu abalwelwe njengetyala kwaye badutyulwe. Ungcwatywe kwingcwaba eliqhelekileyo kumangcwaba asisiseko yedolophu enkulu.
Kwi-pielting ye-piellic bafumana yonke intsapho yeMarshal. Umfazi kunye nabantakwabo mikhail tukhachevsky shot. Intombi kunye noodade abathathu bathunyelwa kwiGulag. Umama Maurus Petrovna wasweleka kwikhonkco.
I-marshal ye-marshal tukhachevsky emva kokuphuma kwe-khrushchev ekuboneni kwe-stalinism. I-Roma malunga nekamva lomphathi-mkhosi wabhala uBoris Sokov. Kwincwadi ethi "Mikhail Tukhachevsky: Ubomi kunye nokufa kwe" Rhashal ", umbhali akazange akwazi ukutyibilika kwimifanekiso yeqhawe: umntu onamaqela abuthathaka nenamandla, owayehlala ngexesha elinzima .
Iinyani ezinomdla
- Eselula, uMikhail Tukhachevsky wenza idinga kwikhosi ye-fedfelles ye-feldfellel. Umphathi wayekhohlakele. Abantu abathathu eklasini ngenxa yejoni ye-feldofelle tukhachevsky bazisa amanqaku ngobomi-zidubule.
- Ngo-1915, uTukhachevsky wabanjwa. Ngokwemithetho engaphelelanga, ukuba igosa elalithinjwe lathintela igama lokuhlonipha ukuba lingakhathali amathuba okubaleka, wafumana amalungelo amaninzi kwaye wayenokuhambahamba. UTukhachevsky wanika uLizwi, kodwa ngexesha lokuhamba kwexesha lasinda. Isenzo sakhe sabangela ukuba sibe nenkani kwaye phakathi kwamaJamani, kunye namagosa amabanjwa aseRashiya. Bafaka isicelo esidityanelweyo somyalelo waseJamani kangangokuba abanambeko ukuhlonela i-Tukhachevsky.
- Ngo-Matshi 1918, kwangoko emva kokungena kwiqela, uTukhachevsky wanika eyakhe iprojekthi yokuthintelwa kobuKristu kunye nokuhlaziywa kobuhedeni.
- U-Lev Rotsky wabiza i-Tukhachevy "yeDevymon Dovy". I-Tukhachevsky ayizange ivume abasemagunyeni. Wayehlulelwe ngoyena mntu uphambili kwimithetho yakhe ngaphezulu koluntu, wadala iinkampu zoxinaniso, imbiza yabalingane ngegesi.
- I-stalin ibizwa ngokuba yi-Tukhachevsky "i-red mirtist". I-mikhail nikolayevich zika-1927 ekukhululweni kweetanki ezingama-50-100 ngonyaka bekungasebenzi nje, kodwa nazo zihlelelekile kwishishini. I-Tukhachevsky inikezelwe kwisiqingatha saqala ukuhlawula iitanki. Kwakhona, "i-RedITarist ebomvu enikezwe ukuvelisa inqwelo moya engama-40,000 ngonyaka.