Biography
Iivesi zakhe zanceda iLegingrads ukuze iphile kwiSixeko esivaliweyo kwaye singaphulukani nesidima somntu. Abantu abaswelekayo ekufundeni baphulaphule izibongozo ze-poetess kwi "Pila" "zabantsundu kwaye bomeleze elukholweni. Ilizwi lika-Olga Bergolttt libizwa ngokuba yisimboli yoloyiso, kunye ne-poetess - "Blocade Madonna" kunye neMyuziyamsi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-poetess yazalwa ngentwasahlobo ye-1910 esixekweni kwi-neva. I-olga, okanye eYal, njengomntwana wakhe - umntwana wokuqala wesitayile seDyunivesithi yaseMerpt, ugqirha we-gorgeon Fydor Christofre BerGhollts, owayekhupha amaJamani. Mama Olga - Maria Timofeevevna Grasters, umfazi oqondayo kwaye ufundile, "kwasekuqaleni." Emtshatweni, amantombazana amabini azalwe - Olga (Liyaya) noMaria (Musya). Sikhathalele abantwana kunye nendlu umfazi wanceda i-nanny kunye nerhuluneli.
Intsapho yayihlala kwindlu yakudala kwi-NEVSKy yokuthenga. Inguqu kunye nemfazwe yamakhaya yatsala uGqirha Bergholtz ebomini onoxolo - ugqirha wotyando waya ngaphambili. Indlala nentshabalalo yenze ukuba usapho luye lumshiya uPeter kwaye luye eGollich. I-Bergholty ihlaluke kwigumbi elibandayo, kanye kwisitoheli sangaphambili. Ukungondleki, intlupheko, iLish -Yaya noMusya noMusya kunye noMama bawabona lonke ixesha lasemkhosini. EGollich, i-olga bergolts yaya esikolweni. Umda wase-Uglich kwi-petrogradd yamthabatha utata ngaphambili.
Iintombi zikaMaria timofeevna zazisa amantombazana e-turgenev: Udlala imisebenzi yeClassics, efunde imibongo. Ukuba bekungenjalo ngenxa yenguquko, uLiyaya kunye noMusya kuya kuba ngumthambo, abafundi bezikolo zentombi yeNophawu. Kodwa imigaqo kunye nefashoni ibalekele ixesha lokuguqula emva. Ndinegalelo ekukhuliseni abantwana kunye ne-Fyoodor Kistforovich, umntu ongakholelwa kubukho bukaThixo owathabatha amantombazana ukuba inkolo icalucalulo, kwaye iimbambo ezikholwayo ziyinto eyadlulayo.
Ukuqhekeka ekunganyameni kwe-Olga Bergholt yenzekile ngokukhawuleza: Intombazana yaya kwinombolo yezabasebenzi i-117, kwiminyaka eli-14 ubudala yaba nguvulindlela kunye neglasi yase-Wlks, yajoyina i-WLKSM. Emva koko wabhala imibongo yokuqala ebizwa ngokuba "ngoovulindlela".
Kwili-15, le ntombazana yeza kwiklabhu yokusebenza, apho kwasekwa khona uMbutho woLwimi woLo Phelelwano. Ulutsha kunye nolutsha, ukusebenzisa ngemibongo yokubhala, yahlangana neMatiral. U-Eduar Pingriskisky, Vladimir Mayovsky, Joseki uxkin, weza kwiklabhu. Iinkosi zegama lembongi zabelana ngamava, zaphulaphula iitayile ezincinci, zanika ingcebiso.
Uncwadi
Iivesi zokuqala ze-Olga Berggolts zivele ngo-1925 kwincwadana yeendaba yeWawure. Kwaye kwi-15, iphephandaba laseSoviet labantwana kunye nolutsha "Iintlantsi ze-lennin" ziprinte kwimigca engama-15 "ngeengoma zomlilo" nge-BANNet ".
Indumiso yokuqala yetalente yoncwadi ye-Olga Bergholz ivakala ngomlomo weMatriki ehlonitshwayo, iKornea Chukovsky. Kwibusuku ngokuhlwa "Utshintsho", i-blonde encinci olga iphinda iphinde ifumane "ilitye duff" - enye yelungelo lokushicilela lokuqala. Iingcambu zikaIvanovich, ukugona intombazana ngamagxa, zamkhuphela kwikamva elikhulu.
Kodwa i-boografiy yendalo ye-olga bergolttz ayiphuhlisile ngokukhawuleza njengoko bendifuna. Nge-1920 iimbongi ezincinci ezinamagama avuthayo, amatye, enxibe i-Khaki eqhwithela yayingaphezulu kwanele. I-Berggolts yahluka ngokwahlukileyo koogxa bakhe, uzuko lwahamba ngeenxa zonke ubuso bakhe. Ngo-1926, iOlga, kunye neqabane elinetalente elivela kwi "Shift", eBoris Kornilov, ngothando ngaphandle kwenkumbulo, waba ngumfundi wezifundo zembali yobugcisa. Emva kokuvalwa kwabo, esi sibini saya kwi-filoty yefilology yeDyunivesithi yaseLeningrad.
I-pre-diploma yokuziqhelanisa ne-biploolts idluliselwe eVladikavkaz. Izolo umfundi uyamthanda iCaucasus, eva ukuphefumlelwa okungathethekiyo. Uye eOssetia, watyelela ekwakhiweni kwesikhululo se-hydroelectric, wabhadula ezintabeni nangeentaba kwaye, ngaphandle kokudinwa, imibongo enobuthathaka, ingenamandla.
Kwiinyanga ezimbini ezinesiqingatha kamva, i-piggy ye-piggy ye-piggy ye-Olga BerGholts ityhutywe kwiimpapasho ezintathu ezilishumi elinambini ezathabatha iphephandaba "lezabasebenzi". Intatheli yaphuka yiNdlela yaseMkhosini yesixeko kunye neelali ezivela e-vladikavkanks. Umsebenzi wephephandaba wanceda uBergholz ukufunda ubomi, funda abantu, bakha i-WorldVevie. Intatheli incinci yawa neCaucasus, eyaceba ukubuyela kule miphetho emva kokuphela kweDyunivesithi.
Ikamva Elilele ngenye indlela: Ukufumana idiploma, i-Olga Berggoolts yaya eKazakhstan. Usebenze njengomnxibelelanisi wephephandaba "Soviet Steppe", kunye nomyeni wesibini uNikolai Molchanov ohlala kwiimeko ezinzima zokuphila, kodwa waziva onwabile. UOlga wabhala izinto, izincoko, amabali. Ingqokelela yokuqala yemibongo yabantwana ababizwa ngokuba "busika - ihlobo-parrot" baphuma.
I-Olga Berggolts ibuyiselwe kwiLeningrad ngo-1931 kwaye yazinza kwiPhepha le-Elektrosila. Ngo-1935, kwaphuma incwadi yemibongo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-"ks ". I-Bergholts yamkela iManyano yababhali. Kodwa eli xesha lobomi bombhali laphawulwa yintshukumo yezinto ezimbi.
Emva kokubulawa kweSergey Kirov, "ukucoca" kwaqala kwikomkhulu elimantla. Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1937, amaphephandaba aseSoviet anyule "iintshaba zabantu" iqela lababhali, kuquka nomyeni wangaphambili we-poetess Boris Kornilov. I-Berggolts yokunxibelelana nembongi yoKhetho ayibandakanywa kwimanyano yababhali. Kwiinyanga ezintathu kamva, intatheli igxothiwe emsebenzini. Wazinza esikolweni, apho wafundisa khona isiRashiya noncwadi ebantwaneni.
NgoJanuwari 1938, isisombululo "kwiziphoso zokuhlaliswa" sapapashwa, esasivumela iOlga BerGholz ngethemba lokukholosa. Emva kwengxelo yombhali, yabuyiselwa kwiphulo elidibeneyo, ekuqaleni kwekwindla laya kwiphepha lemizi-mveliso, endaweni yangaphambili. Umyeni wangaphambili we-bornilov wadutyulwa (waphinda wavuswa ngo-1957).
Njengoko bekucetywe, amaBergholt "amabele" ngesityholo esinzulu: Ekupheleni kuka-1938, uOlga wabanjwa, ebiza i-rotskyist kunye nenxaxheba kwiqela labanqolobi, elilungiselela i-voroshilov. Ngexesha lokuncipha, kwabethwa ibhinqa, waphulukana nomntwana. Ukusuka eBerggolts, izivumo zazibetha, wasongela inqaku elidutyuliweyo.
Uncedo lwaluvela kulowo uvela kuye u-Olga Berggoolts khange alindele ukuba: uncede ukuphuma kwi-SHYXAnder Fideev. Kwimeko yombhali, bekukho ukungena malunga nobungqina bokunika phantsi koxinzelelo. Umyeni wam uNikolai Molchanov wanceda okwenzekileyo. Kodwa imfazwe enkulu yokuthand 'ithambile yathintela ulonwabo lwentsapho ololileyo.
Imfazwe
UMzalwali uOlgholt wahamba ngaphambili, nangona wayekhubazekile. NgoJanuwari 1942, i-Etilepys yayikhuliswe neMolchanova, yawela esibhedlele kunye noJanuwari 29 wasweleka. Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1942, i-Olga BerGholt utata obiza into eyingozi ekuhlaleni (isizathu yayingumbane waseJamani) kwaye wathunyelwa eKrasnoyark. I-poetess ifunyaniswa i-destrophy, abahlobo bawela eMoscow, bendisa ubomi. Umfazi ubuyile kwiinyanga ezi-2. Usebenze kwirediyo, ilizwi lakhe kubafundi abakhukulisekileyo baba ngumthonyama.
Unomathotholo uguqulelwe ngamaBerggoolts, owamqeqesha inkalipho yabaseLenidradians, emva kweMfazwe Bangenise Ingqokelela "ithi:" "" I-Leningradrad Doem "iBerggoolts phambi kwabafundi iphakamisa umfanekiso wesixeko esingqingiweyo. Le yenye nje yeshumi elinambini isebenza malunga ne-blobrad leringid, egcobe kakhulu. Phantsi kwepeni ye-Olga Fedorovna kule minyaka imbi, imibongo "ye-Februer" kunye "nenkumbulo yabakhuseli" yazalelwa.
Emva kwemfazwe, iBerggolts yabhala incwadi ethi "Imihla ngemihla" -Idayari yefilosofi, ishwankathela amava. Ekugqibeleni, eli lizwe lakuxabisa umbhali wombhali, wangqengqa i-olga berggolts ii-odolo kunye neembasa. Kodwa imbasa ephambili yayiluhlobo oluphambili kunye nesihloko se "Leaningrad Madonna". I-Stitchsing edumileyo ifakwe kwi-piskarevsky yesikhumbuzo:
Akukho namnye ulityelweyo, akukho nto ilityelweyo.Kodwa ubunzima ebomini be-olga bergholt ayikayeki emva koloyiso. Ubuhlobo noAna Akhimatova watyholwa ngetyala, incwadi ethi "Leaningrad" ibanjiwe kwiilayibrari. Ngobusika bowe-1948, kwakungekho ubawo unguyise. Iseti yentlungu yamava achaphazelekayo echaphazele i-psyto yabasetyhini ehlelwe ziintlekele: I-Berggolts yabetha esibhedlele igula ngentliziyo.
Emva kokushiya isibhedlele u-Olga Fedorovna wabhala imidlalo, eyayifakwe kwindawo yemidlalo yeLeningrad. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1950 eMoscow, ilungu elinye liphuma. Iidayari zeBerggolts emva kokusweleka kombhali othanjiswe kwiChrona ekhethekileyo. Ipapashwe kwi-laminature ezintathu zomsebenzi ngo-1990. Kubo, u-Olga Fedorovna Ruthshes wabetha amandla abuncame imibingelelo yabantu eyoyikekayo emfazweni. Iteyiphu yoxwebhu "Hayi indlela esinokuthi ndiphile ngayo malunga nekamva le" Blocade Madonna ".
Ubomi Buqu
Ulonwabo luye lwancuma ngu-Olga Bergolz kunqabile. Uthando lolutsha olunetalente uBoris Cornilov lwaphelela ngokusahlula: ukugula kwenkwenkwezi yomyeni wakhe ukukhula kotywala. Ukwahlula kunye nokuxolelwa kwakhona kwaphelelwa li-olga. Indoda ishiywe, ishiya intombi ka-Irina. Ngexesha lokugqibela babona ukufa kukaCornilov kungekudala nje kokuba afe. Ke i-Olga Bergulz itshatile okwesibini. UNikolai Molchanov wafumana eyona ndoda iphambili ebomini bayo, waxolela iinoveli ezikufutshane kunye nokunqula umfazi wakhe.
Emtshatweni neMolchanov, intombi yesibini yazalwa - Maya. Emva konyaka, ngo-1932, le ntombazana yafa. Kwiminyaka emi-4, intombi enkulu kaIra yasweleka, eyayinesifo sentliziyo. Zonke izinto ezilandelayo zokukhulelwa olga Bergolttz zaphazanyiswa. Okokugqibela eli bhinqa laphulukana nomntwana kwiibhentshi ze-NKVD.
Ulonwabo lwabasetyhini luye lwancuma ngokufutshane kwi "Blocade Madonna" emva kokusweleka kukaNikolai Molchanova. Umqeshwa weRadiyo Georgy Mconenko uthathe i-Olga, xa wayenendlala kunye nosizi, waphulukana nomnqweno wokunamathela ebomini. Emva kwexesha, olu thando lokugqibela olupaphu lwe-olga igalelwe kwiivesi, ukubiza "ihlobo laseIndiya". Imihla ngemihla kunye ne-rutin grip imvakalelo. UGeorge washiya i-Olga, elinye ibhinqa lavela ebomini bakhe. Kude kube sekufeni kwakhe ngetafile yasebusuku, i-Olga Berggoolts yema umzekeliso womyeni wesibini - Nikolai Molchanova.
Ukufa
I-Olga Bergolttz ayizange ibe ngabangoNovemba 13, 1975. Imyuziyam yegazi legazi iguqule i-65.
Ndazingcwaba i-poetess hayi apho akufundisile khona - kwi-piskarevsky, phakathi kwabahlobo abasweleke kwiblovide. I-Olga Berggolts ingcwaba-kwingceba yengcuka, kwiindlela zokuhamba ngokoqobo. Isikhumbuzo samiselwa kwiminyaka engama-30, ngo-2005.
Igama lombhali labizwa ngokuba sisitrato kwiSithili seNevsky. Omnye unxiba igama leBergholts embindini we-Uglich.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1935 - "amazwi"
- Ngo-1944 - "idayari yeLeningrad"
- Ngo-1946 - "utshilo uLeningrad"
- Ngo-1960- Iinkwenkwezi Zosuku "
- Ngo-1967 -Khethwa imisebenzi emi-2
- Ngo-1967 - "Iinkwenkwezi Zosuku"
- Ngo-1970 - "Ukunyaniseka"