Biography
Ngasihlandlo sithile, umbhali uAlexander Belyaev wemisebenzi eqaqambileyo yegqwetha inyule umsebenzi ongazinzanga. Kwimisebenzi yabo, isayensi yaxela kwangaphambili ukuba kufunyenwe izinto zenzululwazi njengokudalwa kwamalungu ancedisayo, ukuvela kweenkqubo zokufunda komhlaba ovuthuzayo kunye nokuvela kwezikhululo zendawo ye-orbital.
Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, umgxeki waseSoviet wakhamisa iziprofeto zakhe ezibonakala ngathi zisingangesi sanels, amabali kunye neengxelo, umhlaba ofihlakeleyo, uMdali wavula ikhuselo lefihlakalo, evumela abafundi ukuba babone ihlabathi lekamva elizayo.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
Omnye wabo basungulwe uncwadi lwe-Soviet Inzululwazi yazalwa ngoMatshi 16, 1884 kwidolophu yegorha e-filelensk. Kusapho lwaseBeyaev, ngaphandle kweAlexander, bekukho abantwana ababini abaninzi. Udadewabo uNina wasweleka njengomntwana ovela kwi-sarcoma, kwaye uMzalwana uVasile, umfundi weZiko leZilwanyana, watshona ngokukhwela isikhephe.
Abazali bombhali babengabantu abanokukholwa ngokunzulu, bahlala benceda izalamane ezihlwempuzekileyo, ezazihlala zininzi abantu abaninzi endlwini. UAlexander Ros famidd, wathanda zonke iintlobo zokutsala kunye nehlaya. Kwimidlalo kunye nezinto zokuzonwabisa, inkwenkwe yayingafakwanga. Isiphumo sebhulukhwe yakhe yayikukulimala kwamehlo okunzulu, okukhulu emva koko kwakhokelela ekugxothweni kombono.
I-Belyaev yayiyithanda indalo. Ukususela ekuhlaleni kwakhe watsala umhlaba othunyelweyo wezandi. Kuyaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba umbhali ngaphandle koncedo afundileyo ukudlala i-violin nepiyano. Kwakukho iintsuku xa uSasha, etsiba isidlo sakusasa nakwisidlo sakusasa, ngokungazithembi kwigumbi lakhe, engayihoyi into eyenzekayo malunga nomsitho.
Uluhlu lweentolo zokuzonwabisa lukwaquka iifoto zeefoto kunye nophuhliso lwe-Azov. Ithiyetha yaseBelyaev yaseBelyaev irente kuphela ayizange irente kuphela, kodwa nakwindawo ezihlala kuyo. Ngesinye isihlandlo, ekufikeni kwemfuza e-Snolensk, iMetropolitan Truupe, umbhali endaweni yombhali ogulayo aze adlale endaweni ye-ters. Emva kwempumelelo ekwenziweni, wanikwa ukuba aqhubeke kwiThumpe, kodwa akazange avume isizathu esingaziwayo.
Ngaphandle kokunqwenela ukuziqonda ngokwakho, ngesigqibo sentloko yentsapho yeAlexander, banikela ukufundisisa kwisemina yokomoya, apho waphumelela ngo-1901. Lo mfana akazange avume ukuqhubeka nemfundo yenkolo kwaye, exabise iphupha lomthetho wegqwetha, wangena kwiDemidov Lingceum eYaroslavl. Emva kokusweleka kukatata, usapho lwale ntsapho lwalulinganiselwe. I-Alexander yokuhlawula uqeqesho, yathatha nawuphi na umsebenzi. Kude kube kukhululwa kwiziko lemfundo, wakwazi ukusebenza umfundisi kunye nomhlobisi womdlalo weqonga, kwaye kwanoluhlu lwesekethe.
Ekupheleni kweDemidov Lyceum Belyaev bafumana isikhundla segqwetha labucala kwi-smlensk. Ngengqondo, njengengcali elungileyo, i-alexander romanovich ifumene abathengi ngokusisigxina. Ingeniso enesiseko yamvumela ukuba anike indawo yokuhlala, afumane ingqokelela ebiza kakhulu yokupeyinta, aqokelele ithala leencwadi, kunye nokuhamba eYurophu. Kuyaziwa ukuba umbhali waphefumlela ngakumbi ubuhle beFrance, i-Itali neVenice.
Uncwadi
Ngo-1914, uBelyaeV washiya umhlaba waza wazahlulela kwindawo yemidlalo yeqonga. Kulo nyaka wenze ukuba i-temput yakhe ayisiyo nje njengomlawuli wethiyetha, ithatha inxaxheba kwi-Opera "I-Tsarevna", kodwa ikwapapasha incwadi yayo yokuqala (ngaphambi kokuba kubekho iingxelo, iiNtetho) - umdlalo we- I-FALE YOKUGQIBELA KWIINGOZI ZE-MOERA ".
Ngo-1923, umbhali wafudukela eMoscow. Kwixesha le-Mscow, uBeyaev wapapasha imisebenzi yakhe enomdla kwiimagazini nakwiincwadi ezi-1: "Isiqithi senqanawa ezifileyo", "umntu wokugqibela ovela kwi-Atlantis", "umntu obhaliweyo" kunye "nentloko ye Unjingalwazi uDoliso ".
Kwinoveli yokugqibela, ukungqubana kusekwe kumava akhe omntu oxutywe kudaka, akanamandla phezu komzimba wakhe kwaye ephila ngokungathi ngaphandle komzimba, eneentloko eziphilayo. Kwixesha leLeningrad, ukusuka phantsi kolunye lweentsiba zombhali, imisebenzi "yokutsiba ngaphandle kwento", "Nkosi yehlabathi" kunye "ne-Alchemists" kunye ne-Alchemists "kunye" kunye "kunye" nomdlalo ".
Ngo-1937, uBelyaeva waphela. Kwakungekho nto yokuphila ngayo. Uye eMurmansk, apho wabeka khona i-accountant kwinqanawa yokuloba. Uxinzelelo luye lwaba yimyuziyam, kwaye umqeqeshi-ophakanyiswe kwikona ubhale inoveli ngamaphupha akhe angazalisekanga, enika igama "ariel". Encwadini, epapashwe ngo-1941, ngaphezulu komlinganiswa ophambili benza iimvavanyo kunye novavanyo kunye nexesha lokuvavanywa kwexesha elidlulileyo, uyakwazi ukubhabha.
Ubomi Buqu
Ndikunye nenkosikazi yokuqala ka-Anna Ivanovna Stankevich, umbhali wadibana nangexesha lokufunda kwi-lyceum. Kuyinyani, le yomanyanya yayikufutshane. Iinyanga ezimbalwa emva komtshato, hayi umntu onyawo watshintsha umyeni wakhe nomhlobo wakhe. Kufanelekile ukuba ukuthobela loo nto, ngaphandle kokungcatshwa, emva koqhawulo-mtshato, owayekhe wabathanda abathandi.
YayinguAnna owayeqhelene nentsomi yakhe kunye nomfazi wakhe wesibini, umphulaphuli we-moscow ephakamile ngeekhosi zebhinqa e-vasilytevhvkh. Ixesha elide, abantu abaselula banxibelelana ngokwembalelwano, kwaye emva kwentlanganiso yakho, behamba malunga neemvakalelo zangaphakathi, sajonga ubudlelwane babo. Kuyaziwa ukuba uthando lwenkosi entsha yombhali wombhali wenoveli "umthengisi" wanele ixesha elifutshane. Emva kokholo wafunda ngesifo sabathembekileyo, ingongoma yafakwa kwimbali yabo.
Ngo-1915, i-feede yaphuphuma i-beyaev ivuthuza inkxwaleko, yawaphule yonke indlela yobomi ephilayo kwaye iyizale ibe ngamacandelo amabini. Umbhali wagula ngesifo sethambo le-vertebrae, ixinezelekile kukukhubazeka kwemilenze. Ukukhangela kwabahlali abafanelekileyo kukhokelele umama wombhali, ithemba likaVasintivna, eYalta, apho wathutha khona unyana wakhe. Oogqirha abanomzimba oneminyaka engama-31 ubudala yesayensi oneminyaka engama-31 ubudala kwi-gyppum corset engakhange inike nasiphi na isiqinisekiso, esichaza ukuba uAlexander unokuhlala esiphephelelekile ebomini.
Ukomelela akusinikanga i-besissaev kuMoya. Ngaphandle kokuthuthumbisa evavanyiweyo kunye nethemba elibonakalayo, akazange anikezele, eqhubeka nokubhala imibongo ehlala ipapashwa kwiphephandaba lendawo. Kwakhona, uMdali wabandakanyeka ekuzifundiseni (wafunda iilwimi zakwamanye amazwe, amayeza, imbali) kwaye ufunde umsebenzi weJerbert, uKonbert Wells kunye noKonstantin Tsiolkovsky).
Ngenxa yoko, inkosi yepeni yaphumelela ukugula, kwaye esi sifo sibuyele okwethutyana. Kule minyaka mithandathu ukuba intsomi inentsomi, ilizwe litshintshile ngaphaya kokwamkelwa. Emva kokuba uAlexander Romanovich emehluleke ngokuqinileyo kwiinyawo zakhe, umbhali kunye namandla akhe endalo angafakwa kwinkqubo yokuyila. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa, wakwazi ukusebenza kunye notitshala kwikhaya leenkedama, kunye noncwadi, kunye neSebe loPhando loSupwala.
EYalta, uMdali wadibana nomfazi wesithathu - uMargarita Konstantinovna Magnuskaya, owaba liqabane elifanelekileyo lobomi kunye nomncedisi obalulekileyo. Kunye naye, belyaev ngo-1923 bafudukela eMoscow. Apho wafumana umsebenzi kwiKomishini yaBantu kwiPosi kunye neTelegraphle, nakwixesha lakhe elikhululekileyo wayebandakanyeke kwimisebenzi yokubhala.
NgoMatshi 15, 1925, iqabane lamnika intombi uLiudmila, owasweleka eneminyaka esi-6 evela eMelitis. I-svetlana yesibini ye-heretlana yazalelwa ngonyaka ka-1929 nangona, ngaphandle kokugula ezizuzekile kwiNtloko yoSapho, bakwazi ukuzibona ebomini.
Ukufa
Izifo ezihlaziyiweyo ze-Alexander romanovich, ukubulawa kwendlala kunye nokubanda, kusweleke ngobusuku besihlanu seminyaka emithandathu kaJanuwari 1942. IMargarita Konstantinovna kwiiveki ezimbini emva kokusweleka komyeni wakhe zikwazile ukulungiselela amaxwebhu, ukufumana ibhokisi kwaye uthathe umzimba wakhe ube sisibetho samangcwaba aseKazan. Apho, iintsalela zomntu ohlekisayo, kunye neqela elininzi, lalinda imigca kwingcwaba, elalilungiselelwe ngoMatshi.
NgoFebruwari, amaJamani arhoxise umfazi wakhe nentombi yakhe yombhali ababanjiweyo, ePoland. Xa babuyela kwimiphetho yabo yomthonyama, ummelwane wangaphambili wanika umfazi ukuba ngummangaliso kwiglasi esisindayo yombhali. Ukuphathwa kweMargarita wafumana iphepha elibhaliweyo elibhalwe ngalo:
"Sukujonga indoba yam kulo mhlaba. Ndilinde wena ezulwini. I-ariel yakho.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abagcini beebhayiloji abazange bayifumane indawo yomngcwabo. Kuyaziwa ukuba imarble stele kumangcwaba kaZazan isekwe yigumbi lenoveli "ukutsiba." UAlexander romanovich Muse wafumana iMbali, efumana umhlobo womhlobo kwindawo, esele ibhalwe ngemini enye kunye nentanda yakhe, ebonisa iNcwadi evulekileyo kunye ne-theather evulekileyo.
UBeyaeva wabizwa ngokuba ngumsebenzi wasekhaya oyinyaniso, kodwa, ngaphandle kwayo yonke ingxabano yolo thelekiso, wayehlala eyintloko, engafaniyo nobani, amashumi eminyaka ehlala ithanda izizukulwana zabafundi.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1913 - "ukukhwela kwiVesuvius"
- Ngo-1926 - "Nkosi yehlabathi '
- Ngo-1926 - "ISiqithi Yeenqanawa Ezifileyo"
- Ngo-1926 - "Nokuphila, Nokufa"
- Ngo-1928 - "Indoda yase-Amphibhi"
- Ngo-1928 - "isonka esingapheliyo"
- Ngo-1933- "Gxuma akukho nto"
- Ngo-1934 - "Inqanawa yomoya"
- Ngo-1937 - "Intloko yeProvessol Doweel"
- Ngo-1938 - "I-Mammoti eqaqambileyo"
- Ngo-1939 - "I-Wigch Compale"
- Ngo-1939 - "Phantsi kweNtloko yeArctic"
- Ngo-1940 - "Umntu Obufumene Ubuso"
- Ngo-1941 - "Ariel"
- Ngo-1967- "Ndibona yonke into, ndiva yonke into, ndiyazi yonke into"