Biography
IHuraklit yeyophando ethandwayo yophando kwiingcali zakudala zebhanographe kunye nakwiinzululwazi zanamhlanje. Bazama ukwahlula iimfundiso zobushushu zobumnyama ngaphandle kwebhayoloji elingaqhelekanga neliyingqongqo. Yiyo loo nto isidlaliso sentanda-bulumko - mnyama igraclite okanye i-herclite iluncedo. Inqaku eliphambili kufundisiso lobomi, kwaye ngakumbi ukufa, esi sithandi-sobulumko saba yinto engaqhelekanga, ijika yangena kwintiyo, ethi ubangela abafundi nakwiibharogram kwimiphefumlo.
Intiyo, iyaqondakala ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, ifikelela kwinqanaba elingazange libekho ngaphambili xa i-heract ies, ingcwatywe kwi-Devrement. Ukuqonda oku kufa, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela i-biography yemveli yeHeractel, kuba ukusabela kweefilografi kunye nokutolikwa kwabo ulwazi lokuqonda lobomi kunye neenkcukacha zokufa kwale mfihlakalo ibalulekile.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
UHecalite wazalelwa kwidolophu yase-Efese (umhlaba onesiTurkey). Umhla oqinisekileyo weFilosofa awaziwa, malunga ne-540 BC. Ngokwesiko, i-heract ithathwa njengenzala yosapho lwe-norking orkl, ngokomthombo, igama likayise weFilosofer - i-Geracon okanye iBloson. Njengomntwana, inkwenkwe yayingafani noontanga, idlalwa ngamanye amakhwenkwe kugogo (i-analogue yomdlalo kwithambo).
Ngumbono nje nje wokuba bafumane amandla kaTata, lo mfana akazange akhonze. Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, akazange avume ilungelo lelifa elithanda umntakwabo, kwaye yena wayehlala kwaye ehleli kwi-herilofical babonisa itempile ye-Artemis, ngokuqhubekayo ukuba idlale ngedayisi kosti.
Ulwazi malunga noBomi kunye nokufundisa kwentanda-bulumko evela e-Efeses ifikelele kumaxesha eDiogen, owenza njenge biilogras zentanda-bulumko yasendulo. Diogen kwimibhalo yokuqala bathatha esi senzo njengobungqina Ukupha Heraclit, yaye kamva ngokuba Ikratshi nokukratsha, ikratshi okanye nakwinyumnyezi kude.
Ngenxa yezi mpawu, isimilo sikaHeractelite kamva saba yindawo entle. Ngenxa yoko, ukuqonda komsebenzi nentanda-bulumko yeHeraclica kuqala ngezi mpawu zobuqu. Abanganabo ootitshala okanye abalandeli bakaHerclite, ngaphandle kokuba wayepeyintwe kwidolophu yaseAthene.
IHeraclit ihlala ithi ootitshala abayi kubafundisa abafundi bobulumko, kungenjalo uXenophane abaza kufundisa, kunye nePythagora. Elinye intetho ithi uHomer wayefanelwe ukuba alandezwe kwaye abethwe ngentonga kukhuphiswano lwezibonda. Oku kubonisa izinto eziphambili zomlinganiswa kunye nobuntu baseHercelite-ikratshi kunye nesimo sengqondo sokudideka ebantwini. Isizathu sokuba olu lwalamano ilula- aba bantu abayifezekanga, ngokutsho kwe-heratolus.
Isithandi-sobulumko esivela kulutsha sithathele ingqalelo abo bangqonge abantu abangafundanga nezisidenge. Kwincoko kwezinye iintanda-bulumko azizange zithathe inxaxheba, zange bathabathe ezakhe izimvo kunye ne-chaas ebonakalayo, njengoko kungqinwa ngamabinzana esithandi sobulumko. Ezona ngcinga ziphambili zentanda-bulumko ziqinisekisa ukuba umthombo wophuhliso kwihlabathi yimfazwe, kwaye ukufa komnye umntu onika omnye ubomi. Emva koko, uMelancholic-heraklite wayechaswa kwi-subricus ehlekisayo.
Ifilosofi kunye nemfundiso
Ukujonga i-herclica ayiqondakali kwaye inomdla. Phantse wonke umsebenzi wakhe unentsingiselo ebonakalayo. Ukongeza, ngaphambi kwexesha lethu ukuba izinto zethu zangaphambili azifikelelanga kwi-fripawa, yiyo kuphela imisebenzi yezinye iintanda-bulumko kunye nezazinzulu zaziwa malunga neWorld Viald. UHeraclita wayenokuqonda kwakhe ubulumko. Akazange abonise iingcinga ngqo kuphela kwifom yeemfihlakalo okanye iingcebiso. Yiyo loo nto, igama lesibini lesidlaliso leHeraclita - i-hilosofer-imbongi, akazange abhale kwiivesi, kodwa iingcinga zakhe zazinommiselo, olufana nesilabhasi yeholo.
Ukukwazi ukuqonda umsebenzi wentanda-bulumko wayefundiswe ngokunzulu nabantu abacinga ngokunzulu. Nokuba uSodrates wabhala ukuba ilungu elincinci lenxalenye yemibono ye-herclite egcwele, kodwa yafumana intle. Ukongeza, isithandi-sobulumko se-Efese safumana indlela eyahlukileyo: Iimbono ezintsonkothileyo zokudlulisa ngohlobo lwemizekelo emiselweyo enkulu, njengomgaqo, ezi zihlelwa ziinkqubo zendalo.
Ke abalandeli bafika kwizibulomo ezicinga okanye nezigqibo zabo ezikhethekileyo. Igalelo le-heralulus ukuba liphuhlise intanda-bulumko yamandulo yamaGrike yayikukuqaliswa kweelogo zendalo iphela. Ekuqaleni, eli gama liyaqonda ukuba "lithi" kunye "nentsingiselo". Ngoku iilogo zibonisa intsingiselo yokuba kunye neepateni zazo zonke ezikhoyo.
Imfundiso ye-heraklite yeelogos l ukubonakaliswa kokupeyinta kwehlabathi, apho ukuvumelana kugcinwa ngokunamandla. Ke, ekufundiseni isithandi-sobulumko, imvumelwano yehlabathi lonke ilogo yendawo. Kodwa umntu akakwazi ukumqonda kwaye aqwalasele iLizwi lakhe, iilogo zakhe, ngaphezulu kwendalo iphela.
Ukulungelelaniswa kuyangqinelana Ikowuteshini "kabini kuMfula omnye awuyi kungena" wayeqhubeka. Kule mihla, eli binzana lifumene intsingiselo entsha, kodwa isabonakalisa ingcinga yentanda-bulumko yombhali.
Utshintsho rhoqo kunye nenguqu kwezemicimbi kunye nezinto zeHeract ebizwa ngokuba yiHlabathi ngoku kwaye kukholelwa ukuba yonke into esemhlabeni ingapheli inguqu ngokusisigxina, kodwa inabachasi. I-dieleric yomphefumlo wefilosofi emele ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Umphefumlo unezinto ezimbini - ezintle (umlilo) kunye nemali (amanzi). Umlilo kaHerakttet wawokuqala.
IHeract iphinde yazisa imbono "yomlilo wehlabathi", apho kutshatyalaliswa khona ithuba lokuphinda kwakhona. Ithiyori yentshabalalo yendawo iphinde yafunyanwa nguHegel kwinkulungwane ye-Xviii, kwaye uSchleeermar akazange avume umlilo wezinto zokuqala. Ngokwahlukileyo kwimithetho ye-herakhi, ezona ngcinga ziphambili zentanda-bulumko yamandulo yamaGrike - eyaphila ngexesha elinye, igqibe kwelokuba ayitshintshi.
Ngenkulungwane yesi-4 bc. Abaxhasi be-naurofiloilophy, iAristotle ityale imali kwintsingiselo entsha kwigama "Logos", siye saphela intsingiselo yayo. Kwaye abalandeli besikolo setoticism babuya iilogo zendawo. Ngendlela, igama elithi "i-cosmos" lazisa i-heraclis. Inxalenye yabaphandi ye-herakhi yaya kwizazinzulu kunye nezendalo, hayi kwiintanda-bulumko. Oku kuchazwa yinto yokuba ekuphela komsebenzi we-Heralulus, eyafikayo kude kube semini yangoku, ibizwa ngokuba "kwindalo".
Umsebenzi unohlobo lwamakhulu enkcazo yengxelo nganye yengxelo, utoliko lwalo lwabandakanyeka kwifilologist vils. Kwezabasebenzi "kwindalo", i-heract ibeke iziseko zethiyori yeatomism. Igalelo kwisayensi yeHeraclita yavela ngaphambi kwexesha, ngokutsho kwabanye ababhali. Inzululwazi yazisa inqaku leatom njengeyona nto incinci yolwakhiwo, ivumela iiparades ze-Eleatov, i-pilosofer yavelisa umxholo wokubalwa okwahlukileyo.
Ngokweembono zakhe, nkqu nomphefumlo womntu uquka iiatom, ezithi, emva kokufa ngokwasemzimbeni, ziguqulwa zaba ngomnye umcimbi - ebizwa ngokuba yithiyori yeatomism. I-anatomy yomntu othandabuzayo ihambelana nobume behlabathi: Umzimba wakhiwe kwiiatom zehlabathi lonke, kunye nomzimba oyintloko womzimba womntu sisisu. Imithetho yohlobo lwehlabathi lenyama kunye nomphefumlo womntu, ivuliwe nguHarclic, iseke isiseko se-miletsky yesikolo, abameli bakwaPythagoras, kunye nePythagoras, imfazwe.
Ubomi Buqu
Iingxaki ze-heratolis kubudlelwane noluntu, ezibandakanya ukudelela abantu, zibeke intsingiselo kunye nobomi bobuqu befilosofer. UHector wayengenawo umfazi nabantwana, kuba ubomi basichitha etempileni yobudala obungenatyala ngonaphakade kunye noThixo ongenatyala ngokuzala kuka-Artemis. Abafundi, ngolo hlobo, i-herclite, bekungenjalo - iingxaki zolwazi lwehlabathi, awaluchukumisayo kwimibhalo yakhe, izazinzulu zaxabisa kuphela ukusweleka kwesithandi-sobulumko.Ukufa i-herclita
Abantu abadala be-meracle kunye nabaphandi bacaphukisa kangako ukuba yindlela yokuphila, iWorld Viview kunye neGegles yeHebelita, zingakanani iinkcukacha zokusweleka kwesithandi-sobulumko. Ngokutsho kobungqina beentsomi, uHecraclilil wasweleka, eshukumisa umgquba, amanye amabali esithi umzimba wakhe waphula izinja.
Owona mthombo unokuthenjwa wolwazi ziirekhodi zikaMerusa, ezichaza ukuba unobangela wokusweleka kwesithandi-sobulumko uye waba sisisu esiqokelelekileyo kwisifo seentsomi kwaye Intliziyo).
I-Bibliography
- I-Naturophilophilofilical ye-atomism
- Ifomu yokuqala ye-swivics
- "Umculo"
- Malunga nendalo. Icandelo 1. kwindalo iphela "
- Malunga nendalo. Icandelo 2. Malunga noRhulumente "
- Malunga nendalo. Icandelo 3. KuThixo "
- "Umgaqo awungommi olungileyo wokuphila"