Biography
I-Jean-Battist Plente - I-French I-Xvisied Gvisi, uMdali weDesice Homedy ehlelwe phantsi kwethiyetha Pseuguugusm Moliere. UJean-Battist Plyen wazalwa ngoJanuwari 15, 1622, kwikomkhulu laseFrance - iParis.
Intloko yosapho, uPenaan Penterte, kunye nabadlali bakaSanta babengabahambisi. Ukugweba ngento yokuba utata wombhali azithengele indawo yeRoyal Roser noKumkani waseCampinin, wayengenangxaki ngemali. Umama, uMarie Cress, wasweleka esisifo sephepha kwasebutsheni bakhe.
UJean Pllonte wabona kwi-picing yolandelelayo kwiofisi yakhe yenkundla kwaye wafumana inkosi ukuba ikhusele indawo yakhe ngokusemthethweni. Kuba eli tyala alizange lifune imfundo ekhethekileyo, amava eJean kwiminyaka elishumi elinesine engafundanga ukufunda nokubhala. Nangona kunjalo, utat'omkhulu wanyanzelisa ukuba umzukulwana wanikwa i-SchoolFont College.
Ngeli xesha yayiliziko lemfundo eliseParis, apho kwakufundwa iilwimi zakudala, iiSayensi zeNdalo, iFilosofi, kunye noncwadi lwesiLatin. Olu lwazi lombhali wexesha elizayo lweHomedy "I-Mistunthrop" yanele ukuba ufunde kwi-float yokuqala kunye nokuthamba kunye nokwenza inguqulelo yembongi ye-lucretia "kwindalo yezinto".
Wafumana idiploma yomfundisi-ntsapho enelungelo lokufunda. Ukusuka kwi-biography yombhali, kuyaziwa ukuba ebomini bakhe nayo ukuya kumava okuthetha kwinkundla yamatyala njengegqwetha. Ngenxa yoko, igcoerter okanye i-de-ingca ye-De-COER MOLIERERERERERERE.
Ukwala amalungelo okutya kooyise kwaye kuthabathele isabelo sakhe kwilifa labakhonzi, wanqwenela ukuba ngumzi-mhlophe waza wafumana indlela enobuhlungu. Ngeli xesha nje ngelo xesha, iqonga lemidlalo yeqonga elivela kwizinto zeholo ezihle, ivunyelwe ukuba ibe lula ukuzonwabisa kunye neemfundiso zentanda-bulumko ye-Aristocrats, ukwala i-ambulensi yeifama ezininzi zithanda uncwadi oluphezulu.
Uncwadi
Ngokudibeneyo nabadlali abaliqela, i-Jean-Baptiste yadala iqonga lemidlalo yeqonga, engenziwanga impumelelo, ebizwa ngokuba "yi-puundury" yaza yazama kwiindima ezibi. Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba "imidlalo yethiyetha eqaqambileyo" yayikho ixesha elide, ngaphandle kokulungiselela imbambano enengxabano ye-gorisian gouuppes. Ezona zinto ziqhubekayo zihlala kunye ne-moliere degqibelokuzama ukonwaba kwiphondo.
Ngexesha lokuhamba-oneminyaka engamashumi amathathu aneminyaka engamashumi amathathu ananye eFrance (1646-1658), i-moliere yarhoxisa kwingozi ukuya kumkhwenyana, kuba yayingasetyenziswanga ngqo kuluntu kwiPhondo. Ukongeza, imfuneko yokuhlala ihlaziya i-transrmoire inyanzelise i-moliere ukuba ithathe ipeni ukuze iqalise imidlalo. Ke, uJean-Baptiste, owayephupha ngokudlala abalinganiswa abaziintloko, wabandakanyeka kwi-comiograph.
Umdlalo wokuqala wokuqala kaMongameli waba nguGedi "we-Zhemifmits" ohlekisayo ", esekwe eParis ngoNovemba 1659. Impumelelo yayingagungqi kwaye ikhwele. Emva koko kwafika uMhlekazi "Isikolo samadoda" (iminyaka eli-1661) - malunga nendlela yokufundisa amantombazana amancinci, kunye nomsebenzi wesikolo "(1662). Aba bantu balandelayo "yi-turtouf, okanye umntu okhohlisayo" (1664), "DONA DONO. (1665) kunye ne-Minthrop (1666) - zithathwa njengencopho zoyilo lukaMoya.
Ngomfanekiso wabalinganiswa abaphambili bomsebenzi, iindlela ezintathu zehlabathi-i-onymia zibizwa ngokuba yi-Tartuf, umntu okholelwa ukuba izono zakhe, ongenamandla kaDong Zhuan, ocela amazulu kwaye afe Phantsi komxokelelwane wesandla seNdwendwe yeLitye, kunye nephambukele, singayiqondanga imikhwa yakhe kunye nobuthathaka.
Bonke aba bathathu banike ukungafi kombhali ukungafiyo, bamzisa inkathazo ebomini. "UTartuf" emva kokuba imveliso yokuqala ayivumelekanga ngenxa yokuba amakholwa abona uhlaselo lweCawe ekufumaneni uhanahaniso lwenkolo kaTartuf.
Kuyaziwa ukuba i-archbishop yaseParis iphinde yasoyikisa i-ft yecawe ngalo naliphi na inzame yokuqhelanisa nomdlalo ohlekisayo, kunye nababingeleli abatshatileyo batshisa emlilweni. Kwanamazukulwana unakho ukuphazamisa lo mbandela, okhetha ukugcina intlekisa yokufihla ngasese. Umdlalo ohlekileyo akazange avele kwimigangatho emihlanu de izimiselo zikawonke-wonke zazingathanga.
"I-Munthunthropa" abaphulaphuli nabo abayamkeli. EAlsesta, abaphulaphuli babona umbono wobunyani bomoya woMbhali ngokwakhe, olungiswa ngeqhawe eliphambili. Izizathu zoku. I-moliere ngelo xesha ifike kwibhendi emnyama ebomini. Ngaphandle konyaka, unyana wakhe wasweleka, kunye neArmanda, eyayingena kwiholo yemidlalo yeqonga kunye noloyiso lokuqala noloyiso, impikiswano yaqala.
"UDon Juan" wabhalwa nguJean-Battist emva kokuvalwa komsebenzi "uTartuf" ukondla i-ruupe, kodwa ibali elingathandekiyo lenzeka kuye. Emva kwembono yeshumi elinesihlanu, ngaphandle kwempumelelo enoxolo kuluntu, umdlalo wanyamalala ngokungalindelekanga.
Emva kwe-TARTuf, i-moliede yabangela ukuqwalaselwa okungaphezulu kokulandelelana kweJesuits kwaye, mhlawumbi, apha kungabizingabizi ngaphandle kokungenelela kwakhe. Ukumkani ukusindisa i-moliere theatre, wamvusa kwisikhundla, enika igama elithi "abadlali benkosi", kwaye i-gouupe yaqala ukuhlawula umvuzo kubuncwane.
Kuya kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ubugcisa bokuyila kwe-moliere (ebizwa ngokuba "yi-Innovation" yabekwa kakhulu kwindaleko ngemigangatho yobugcisa kunye neyemvelo ibizwa ngokuba "yindalo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Bussing" yendalo "ngelo xesha Ukophula isimilo.
Iyonke uMoliere ngasekhohlo amaNcedi 29, abanye babo babhalwa kumnyhadala wethenda yenkundla - inkosazana e-Edume (1664), "Mnu. (1669)," abathandi abaninzi "(1670).
Indalo ethile yeyabahlobo lwemihlali yabasetyhini, 'njengokuthi "nguGeorges Danden, okanye umyeni ovunyiweyo", "Shupoy", "I-Skivoy", "izayensi zabasetyhini." Imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ye-moliere - "i-motoman engqondweni" (1670) kunye "nonyango oluhle" (1673) lubhalwe njengemingxunya yasebuyo.
Ubomi Buqu
Owokuqala kunye nenkosikazi kaMoliere waba ngudade wenkosikazi yakhe yangaphambili yenza i-Detchar yeVerchar yeVertshari i-verchar - Armand, eyayiphindwe kabini kunasemva komdlalo. Iilwimi ezimbi ziphikisa ukuba i-Armanda ayinguye udade, kodwa intombi kaDaledine, yaye nokuziphatha okubi "koJean-Batista, owathabatha umfazi wakhe umntwana.
Ngokutsho kwezezimo zexesha lexeshana, njengoko kusenziwa rhoqo kubabhali be-Goodre, uMoliere watyekela i-melancholy, yaqhekeka ngokulula kwaye idla ngokuba nekhwele ngabakhethiweyo. Kuyaziwa ukuba umtshato ungumbhali womsebenzi wesimangalo kubulumko sele ungene ebudaleni, kwaye iArmand yayiselula, inomtsalane kwaye inomtsalane.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, eli bali lilula landiswa kukuhleba kunye neengcebiso ezizahlayo. Yonke into ibeka ukuphela kokumkani. Louis xiv, ngelo xesha wayethandana noThemosele Louise De Lalier, kwaye ke ngoko unesisa kunye emehlweni akhe.
I-autocrat ithathe phantsi koKhuseleko loMdlalo weVolnodumman kwaye, yavuma ukuba nguKumkani wamazibulo ye-moliere kunye ne-Armanda, eyayingaphezulu kwawo nawuphi na umyalelo kububi bukaMdali. Yaziwa ukuba unyana wombhali wafa unyaka emva kokuzalwa.
Ukufa
Indima ephambili kwimidlalo ye-roupe yabo ye-roueter molied ithanda ukuzenza, ingabathembi nabanye abadlali. Ngomhla wakhe wokugqibela wobomi, ngoFebruwari 17, 1673, ibahlaselo likaJean nabo baya kwinqanaba ukuze badlale ixesha lesine kwi-"cloinary "Dlala umdlalo. Ekunene ngexesha lomdlalo, idrama imbi. Izalamane zishukumisele ukukhohlela ikhaya lombhali, apho wasweleka khona kwiiyure ezimbalwa.
Kuyaziwa ukuba i-archbishop yaseParis yokuqala yeBabade Horn Moiliere kuqala, kuba umculi wayengumoni omkhulu kwaye kwakufuneka aguquke ngaphambi kokuba afe. Lungisa imeko yeKing Louis xiv.
Umsitho wokungcwaba we-Edunant yenzeka ebusuku. Ingcwaba lalingemva kocingo lweCawe yeCawa yeSt. Joseph, apho izithethe ezingafundanga zangcwatywa. Emva kwexesha, iintsalela zikaJean-Batista moliere badubula ngesiphithi esikhulu kunye ne-pomp. Ilifa lokuyila loMsungululi wohlobo oluhlekileyo lwagcinwa kwiincwadi ezineentlanganiso zeMisebenzi yazo efanelekileyo.
Ngo-2007, uMlawuli we-tirer tirm isuse ifilimu ", isekwe kwibali likaBean-Batista inkampu. Ukongeza, ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, imisebenzi enjalo yombhali, 'njenge "rirto, okanye umkhohlisi", "isikolo sabafazi" kunye "nePier, okanye iPier yamatye".
NgoSeptemba ngo-2017, i-Premiere yomdlalo "Amaphupha ka Mnu Moiliere" wayebanjelwe kwi-letter yemidlalo yaseMikhail Bulgakov "Kabala Scorsatosh", obalekayo abuyele ngoJulayi. Kuyaziwa ukuba uJean-Batstista wadlala umdlali we-Artor Warkurbanov.
I-Bibliography
- 1636 - "I-LED"
- 1660- "sgareal, okanye i-cuckold yomfanekiso"
- 1662 - "Isikolo sabafazi"
- 1664 - "Tartouf, okanye inkohliso"
- 1665 - "UDon Juan, okanye iPier yamatye"
- 1666 - "Mistunthrop"
- 1666 - "George Denden, okanye umyeni ovunyiweyo"
- 1669 - "Mnu. De Strawondoki"
- I-1670 - "uninzi lwezinto ezingafanelekanga"
- 1671 - "Iiprinta zeSkipane"
- 1673 - "Mnimy Isigulana"