Biography
I-Suleiman I - isishumi se-Sultan Biser Plonire-walawula amandla akhe angazange ahlawulwe ngaphambili. Eyona nto imbi yayidume njengoMbhali oNgcwele wemithetho, uMseki weZikolo ezitsha kunye nomQeqesho lolwakhiwo lobuchule bokwakha.
Ngo-1494 (ngokweengxelo ezithile - ngo-1495), uSurkish Sultun I kunye nentombi ye-Norrean Khan Aishi Haishi hafsy wayenonyana obelwe woyisa ilizwe lasepolilir kwaye waguqula ilizwe labo lokuzalwa.
Ikamva leSultan Suleiman ndifumene imfundo eqaqambileyo ngexesha lesikolo saseBilace eIstanbul, ubuntwana nolutsha kunye nolutsha lubamba ukufunda iincwadi neendlela zokomoya. Ukususela ebudeni, abantu abancinci babephethe imicimbi yezolawulo, bemisele amaphondo amathathu eRhuluneli, kuquka nolwaphulo-mthetho olunxaxhileyo eKhanate. Kwanangaphambi kokukhwela itrone, iSuleiman yoncinci yaphumelela uthando nentlonipho yabahlali base-Ottoman State.
Ukuqala kweBhodi
USuleiman wathabatha itrone xa wayeneminyaka engama-26 ubudala. Inkcazo yembonakalo yomlawuli omtsha we-prou ye-veru ye-veru ye-verian burtolomeo contreni, yangena kwiNcwadi edumileyo yesiNgesi i-ensern kinross "eTurkey:
"Phezulu, bomelele, zibonisa ubuso obumnandi. Intamo yakhe lithuba elincinci kunesiqhelo, ubuso buncinci, impumlo inesifo. Ulusu luhlala kwiPallor egqithisileyo. Batsho ukuba uyiNkosi elumkileyo, kwaye bonke abantu bathembela ngokulawula kwakhe.Kwaye iSuleiman yaqala ukwenza amathemba. Waqala ngezenzo ezinobunzima - babuyisa inkululeko yamakhulu abathinjwa abakhonkxiweyo kwi-chain evela kwiintsapho ezingenamsebenzi zamagama athathwa nguBawo. Incede ukuphinda iqhubeke nobudlelwane borhwebo namazwe.
Ngokukhethekileyo bavuya ngokufumana izinto ezintsha zaBantu baseYurophu, benethemba lehlabathi elide, kodwa, njengoko bekunjalo, kwangoko. Ukulungelelaniswa nokulungileyo ekuqaleni kokujonga, umlawuli waseTurkey wayesafihla iphupha lozuko lomkhosi.
Umgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle
Ekupheleni kweBhodi, i-biegraphy yomkhosi yaseSuleiman ndaba yinxaxheba kwiphulo lemikhosi emi-13, eyahlulahlulahlulahlulahlula-hlula amaqela ali-10 - eYurophu. Kwaye oku akubalwa uhlaselo oluncinci. Ubukumkani ottoman azange zinamandla: Umhlaba wakhe wolula eAlgeria ukuya kwi-Iran, eJiphutha kwaye phantse kumbundu weVienna. Ngelo xesha, ibinzana elithi "i-turks esangweni" yaba yinqaba eyoyikisayo yaseYurophu, kwaye umlawuli waseOttoman wathelekiswa nomchasi-ntathu.
Emva konyaka emva kokukhwela, uSuleiman waya kwimida yaseHungary. Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo lwamajoni aseTurkey awela inqaba ye-shabat. Uloyiso lwaluphoswa ngaphandle kobuninzi - i-Osmans isungula ulawulo kuLwandle oluBomvu, i-Algeria, iTunisia naseRhodes Island, i-Iraq.
Ulwandle olumnyama kunye nempuma yeMeditera nakwenzeka kwimephu yobukumkani obukhulayo ngokukhawuleza. Kwi-sultan yayinguHultary, uSlavonia, uTransylvania, Bosnia noHerzegovina. Ngo-1529, uMlawuli waseTurkey wangena eOstriya, ehamba umkhosi wamajoni angama-120 amawaka edolophu enkulu. Nangona kunjalo, obhubhane othatha isahlulo sesithathu soMkhosi we-Ottoman sancedwa yiVienna. Ukungqingwa kwakufuneka kususwe.
Kuphela kumazwe aseRussia, uSuleiman akazange azame kakhulu, ejonga iRussia iphondo elingevayo elingabizinzanga kunye nokuchitha imali. Ii-osmans ngamanye amaxesha zilungiselele ubunini belizwe laseMoscow, uRrirtan Khan wade wafika kwikomkhulu, kodwa iphulo elikhulu elingaphantsi lenzeki.
Ekupheleni kolawulo lweNkosi enamabhongo, uBukhosi ongu-Ottoman wajika wedwa welona lizwe likhulu nelinamandla kwimbali yehlabathi lamaSilamsi. Nangona kunjalo, imicimbi yomkhosi yaphelisa ubuncwane, ngokwemilinganiselo yomkhosi, umxholo wamawaka angama-200, apho amakhoboka, iYANYCHARS, etyiwa isibini kwisithathu sohlahlo-lwabiwo mali.
Kwezopolitiko zasekhaya
I-Suleiman hayi kwilize i-hickmenticemet igama lesiqhulo: Ubomi bomlawuli bugcwele kungekuphela kwempumelelo yomkhosi, uphumelele kwiMicimbi yangaphakathi kaRhulumente. Kwimiyalelo yakhe, ijaji yaseIbrahim esuka eAleppo yahlaziya iNkundla yeMithetho, eyaya kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Ukusebenzisa ukwenzakala kunye nesigwebo sentambo sehliselwe ubuncinci, nangona izaphuli-mthetho zibanjiswa kwinyani yemali namaxwebhu, i-mzomoti kunye ne-perjund ngesandla sasekunene.
Umlawuli onobulumko sikaRhulumente, apho abameli beenkolo ezahlukeneyo bacacisa, bathathwa njengeyimfuneko ukwenzela uxinzelelo luka-Bharia kwaye bazama ukwenza imithetho yehlabathi kwaye izamile ukwenza imithetho yehlabathi kwaye yazama ukwenza imithetho yehlabathi. Kodwa inxalenye yotshintsho azange kwenzeke ngenxa yeemfazwe ezingapheliyo.
Utshintshele kwinkqubo engcono neyemfundo: Izikolo zenqanaba lesiseko zaqalisa ukuvela enye emva kwenye, kwaye abafundi abaphumeleleyo, ukuba bafuna, baqhubeka nokufumana ulwazi kwiikholeji, ezifumaneka ngaphakathi kweengcongolo ezisibhozo eziphambili.
Ngenxa yeSultan, ilifa lezendalo alilifa lemveli laza lazala ubugcisa bobugcisa. Ngokutsho kwe-skeskes yoyilo, uSinana wakha i-chicques ezintathu - ise semilia, uShehzade kunye noSuleymania (owesibini omkhulu kwikomkhulu leTurkey), eyaba yisampulu ye-ottoman isitayile.
USuleiman wahlulahlulwe yitalente yombongo, ke ubuchule bokubhali babungakhathali. Ngexesha lolawulo lwayo, imibongo yakhe yezithethe zasePersi zangenziwanga emfezekweni. Kwangelo xesha, kwavela isikhundla esitsha-ikhuphosile yeChroudicle, wayehlala iimbongi, ezazingena kwimibongo yeziganeko zangoku.
Ubomi Buqu
I-Suleiman I, ukongeza kwimibongo, yayikuthanda kakhulu i-jebelry yokuthandana, ivile i-Blackmith emnyama kwaye yaphosa imipu ephosakeleyo.
Bangaphi abafazi ababekho kwi-sultan harem, engaziwa. Ababhali-mbali bayazi kuphela malunga neenkolelo zaseburhulumenteni ezazala iSuleiman. Ngo-1511, ishweshwe lokuqala lendlalifa eneminyaka eli-17 iye kwitrone leyo yaba yiFulana yaba yiFulana. Unyana wakhe uMahmoud wabulawa yi-incanpox, ngaphandle kokusinda ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka eli-10. Intombazana yanyamalala kwizibonelelo zobomi obuphawu phantse kwangoko emva kokusweleka komntwana.
UGulfem Hatiun, ishweshwe lesibini, lalibonisa ukuhlwaya emlawuli, obhubhane lobhubhani lwe-incoxpox olungazange luphele. Ibhinqa lakhutshwa kwi-sultan, kangangesiqingatha senkulungwane yahlala umhlobo wakhe kunye nomcebisi wakhe. Ngo-1562, iGulfem kwimiyalelo yaseSuleiman ethanjisiweyo.
Eyona nto uyithandayo yayisondela kwinqanaba lomfazi osemthethweni womlawuli - uMakhiidevran-sultan. Kangangeminyaka engama-20, kwabakho impembelelo enkulu kwi-harem nasebhotwe, kodwa wasilela ukwenza usapho olusemthethweni nge-sultun. Washiya idolophu enkulu yobukumkani kunye nonyana kaEstafa, owamiselwa lirhuluneli yephondo elinye. Emva kwexesha, indlalifa kwitrone yabulawa ngenxa yokuba abo batyholwa, babeza kubhukuqa utata.
Uluhlu lwabasetyhini uSuleiman luhle kakhulu kwi-sharrere. Eyona nto ndiyithandayo ye-slavic, iRoksola, ibanjwa elivela e-Gariacia, njengoko labizwa ngokuba yi-Europer, lacinga ukuba yirula: uFultan wamnika abafazi abasemthethweni.
Igama lesidlaliso le-Hurerereme ("isidenge") i-roksolana ifumene i-roksolana yeyomsindo kunye ne-smooties. UMdali weHarem kwibhotwe laseTopkapi, umsunguli wemibutho yesisa ephefumlelweyo aphefumlelweyo ngababhali kunye nababhali, nangona kwakungafani ngenkangeleko - izifundo ziyiqonda ingqondo kwaye yonke imihla ixabisa ingqondo namaqhinga yonke imihla.
URoksolana wayenomkhwa wakhe ophazamisa umyeni wakhe, ngesikhombisi sakhe, uSisan wasusa oonyana abazalwa ngabafazi, bakrokrekile kwaye bekhohlakele. I-Huhrere yazala intombi iMihrimah kunye noonyana abahlanu.
Kwezi, emva kokusweleka kukaBawo, uMbuso wawusentloko nguSemili, owelukile, nangona kunjalo, nangona kunjalo, wayengahlukanga yitalente ebalaseleyo ye-autocrat, ethanda ukusela nokuhamba. Ngexesha lolawulo lweSelim, uBukhosi base-Ottoman baqala ukuphelisa. Uthando lukaSuleman aluzange lupheleke ukutyhulwa kweminyaka, emva kokusweleka komfazi wakhe, umlawuli waseTurkey akazange ahambe ngakumbi phantsi kwesithsaba.
Ukufa
USaltan, owaguqa ngamadolo, wafa amagorha amagorha, njengoko naye ngokwakhe emfazweni. Kwenzekile ngexesha lokungqinga kwenqaba yaseHungary yeSigtaur. USuleyman oneminyaka engama-71 ubudala usele ethweletshwa yi-gout, esi sifo siqhubela phambili, kwaye nokukhwela ihashe kwakusele kunzima.
Usweleke ekuseni kaSeptemba 6, 1566, kwaye ngaphandle kokuba wayehlala iiyure ezimbalwa ukuze aphucule inqaba. Abahlali boogqirha babulala ngoko nangoko ulwazi malunga nokufa lwalungafikeleli kwimikhosi, ethi kubushushu obudakumbileyo bunokukhulisa ukuvuka. Kuphela kusemva kwendlalifa ukuya kwiTramili yeTreyine efakwe kumandla ase-Istanbul, abagorha bafunda ngokufa kukaYehova.
Ngokutsho kwembali, uSuleiman waziva esondela esiphelweni kwaye wavakalisa ukuba uMphathi-mkani-mbini. Isicelo sentsingiselo yentanda-bulumko yangoku yaziwa kuye wonke umntu: I-Sultan icele ukuba ivale izandla zakhe kwiqela lemingcwabo- wonke umntu kufuneka abonakale ukuba ubutyebi obuqokelelweyo buhlala bungu-Ottoman Biser , ihamba nezandla ezingenanto.
Enye inqaku linxibelelana nokufa komlawuli waseTurkey. Kutyholwa ngaphandle komzimba, kwaye amaziko angaphandle afakwa kwinqanawa yegolide kwaye itshiswe kwindawo yokufa kwakhe. Ngoku kukho i-mausoleums ye-mausoleum kunye ne-mosque. Intsalela yaseSuleiman iphumle emangcwabeni eSaumalia Mosque eyakhiwe nguye, kufutshane neRoxolama Masoleum.
Imemori
Amagcisa ambalwa kunye namaxwebhu axokelelwano malunga nobomi baseSuleiman i. Ikhulu elithi "Ikhulu eliqaqambileyo" lalifihlakele kwi-harements, eyabona ukukhanya ngo-2011. Kwindima yoMlawuli we-Ottoman, iKhalit Eggech, onolwazelelelo olunjalo luziva luyifoto.
Umfanekiso odalwe ngumdlali weqonga ukwamkelwa njengowona mbhalo ubalaseleyo kwiGunya leSultan kwi-cinema. Amashweshwe kunye nenkosikazi yomlawuli zidlala iPrimelli, umba ophetheyo nge-German-Turkish, ekwazile ukuhambisa ezona mpawu ziphambili ze-cherrere-ingqondo kunye nokunyaniseka.
Iincwadi
- "I-Suleiman inkulu. Eyona cultan enkulu yoBukhosi base-Ottoman. I-1520-15666 ", imvana
- "Suleiman. I-Sultan East, "imvana
- "Sultan Suleiman kunye neRoksolana. Uthando olungonaphakade ngoonobumba, iivesi, amaxwebhu ... "PREE kaKhulu.
- Uthotho lweencwadi "zenkulungwane entle", N. Pavlischev
- "Ubudala obuhle baseSuleiman kunye ne-chrererere-sultun", p. J. parks
- "Ubukhulu kunye nokuwa koBukhosi base-Ottoman. I-Werf engenasiseko ", i-goodwin jason, iibhola m
- "URoksolana, ukumkanikazi wasempuma", o.Nazaruk
- "Hamm", b. mncinci
- "Iintyatyambo kunye nokuhla kobukhosi be-Ottoman", l. kronross
Iifilimu
- Ngo-1996 - "i-roksolana"
- Ngo-2003 - "Surem Sultan"
- Ngo-2008- Ukukhangela inyaniso. I-roksolana: Indlela yegazi ukuya kwiTrone "
- Ngo-2011 - "Ikhulu eliqaqambileyo"
Uyilo
- I-Mosque Suleymania
- I-Mosque yi-chrem sultin
- Mosquzade
- ISelique Selimium