Biography
Igalelo kwiSayensi ye-Claudia Ptolemy ayinakwenzeka ukuba ingaphantsi. Iinkqubo zesayensi kwicandelo le-ASTEROMIYs, i-physics, iMathematics, iJografi kunye nomculo wehlabathi, ukuba awusisiseko, ke, ubuncinci, wanika amandla kuphuhliso lwezi zesa. Ubunzima boncwadi bafika ngalo mhla malunga nokufezekiswa kososayensi, kodwa akukho lwazi lubhayolo.
I-Ptolemy iphuhlise incwadi eneenkcukacha ezithe vetives kwi-Antique Asstronomy, eyathi yapapashwa phantsi kwegama "Almagst". Lo msebenzi kasosayensi wakudala waba yi "Bible ye-Asstronomy" de yaba yimfundiso kaCopernicus, ebeka isayensi yenzululwazi yamalungu asezulwini.
Ubunzima bezeNzululwazi kunye nobunzulu bohlalutyo abavunyiweyo nguPtolemy ukuba babe ngumsunguli woncwadi lwenzululwazi kwicandelo leJografi, i-physics (i-shorikhi), ithiyori yomculo, njl. Ithiyori ikwaphuhliswa nguClaudia, ngokwemizimba yasezulwini ihlala ihamba kwaye isebenza njengendlela enye.
Imfundiso yeenkwenkwezi kunye nefuthe lazo kwikamva lomntu, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Astrology, ephuhlise iPtoley. Wadala i-Atlas ye-Atland, apho ikhontshisi elibonakala khona kumhlaba waseYiputa.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
Ulwazi malunga ne-biography kasosayensi yakudala ayigcinwanga. Kungenxa yenyani yokuba abantu bexesha eliphakathi bekuthintela ukukhankanywa kwePtolemy kwimibhalo yabo. Lonke ulwazi olukhoyo lutsalwa kwiincwadi zeFiziksiksi zeFiziksiksi, ngokunjalo nakwimisebenzi yayo yesayensi yesayensi yakudala. Kuyaziwa ukuba uClaudia wayehlala kumhlaba weJiphutha yanamhlanje, kwisixeko saseAlexandria. Ulwazi ngenkangeleko yesayensi ayilondolozwanga, ifoto ngubukhulu bomfanekiso okuthile kwimisebenzi yabantu abadala.
Kwincwadi ethi "I-Almagst" i-ptolemy "ibonisa amathuba okuqaphela iinkwenkwezi, ezinceda ngokungathanga ngqo imihla yobomi bomfundi: 127-151. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuphela komsebenzi ", ubuncinci" ubuncinci zivele ezimbini, eziziincholopedia, sebenzani olwaluqhubeka eminye iminyaka eli-10. Kwaye ngokweerekhodi zentanda-bulumko yeOlimpidini, uClaudius wasebenza kufutshane neAlexandria kwiSixeko saseCane - idolophu yaseAlexandria Abkir.
Nangona igama lenzululwazi (iphepha likaPtolemy) lithetha ngemvelaphi yase-Egypt, kunye nolwazi lwebhayiloji malunga nokuba ngabantu abavela eGrisi, igama lokuqala (i-Clavdy) ibonisa iingcambu zayo zomnini. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kolwazi oluthembekileyo, ukuseka ubuzwe boxamane akunakwenzeka.
Isayensi kunye nokuvula
Umsebenzi wesayensi wePtolemy waqala ukusebenza phantsi kwegama elithi "i-canopic isicatshulwa", esikrwelwe kwi-Styricase kwiSixeko saseCanopy (i-Alexandria kwi-Astronomramial parameter. Emva kwexesha, uStele watshatyalaliswa, kodwa ulwazi lwenziwa kuyo lwagcinwa ngenxa yemibhalo-ngqangi yamandulo yesiGrike.
Ukucacisa inani lolwazi, uClaudius waphuhlisa "iitafile zentloko" - into efana nencwadi yesalathiso seenkwenkwezi. Kwithiyori yeGeocentrism, le ngcaciso ibubungqina bokuba bubungqina bomhlaba kunye nokuhamba okujikeleze amanye amabhunga asezulwini.
Phambi kweAlmagsta edumileyo yehlabathi, uPtolemy wasebenza kwelinye inqaku leencwadi zesayensi, kubandakanya "i-hypotheries yeplanethi". Umahluko phakathi komsebenzi kwabanye lelinye inkqubo yeparameter esetyenziselwa ukuchaza indawo yezinto zangeenkwenkwezi. Kolu nyango, igama elithi uAristotle "liyavela, elilukiweyo ngokuqinileyo kwithiyori yasePtolemy.
Kwi-almagy ptolemy, ngokuchaneka okumangalisayo kwaloo maxesha, umgama ukusuka elangeni nasenyangeni emhlabeni ubalwe. Iyunithi yomlinganiso kwizifundo yayikukuba ngumhlambi wemitha yomhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-Hypotherhese efanayo ", umbhali uchaze umgama phakathi kwelanga kunye nezinye iiplanethi, ngaphandle kwerediyo esetyenzisiweyo: I-radist yeplanethi ilingana kancinci Kwinto elandelayo yendalo ebonakalayo), enokubonisa ukungangqinelani phakathi kwethuba lesayensi.
Incwadi elandelayo, ngokutsho kwabaphandi, yayingumsebenzi wesidanga "seenkwenkwezi ezisisigxina". Lo msebenzi yimizamo yokuqala yokuqulunqa imilinganiselo yemozulu yemozulu, esekwe kwindawo yemizimba yasezulwini kunye ne-phenomena yomzimba kumphezulu weplanethi. Kwiphepha elinye, ulwazi lwendawo yemozulu kunye nebhendi yomhlaba, kunye nokucwangciswa kwezinto zendawo, kwancitshiswa.
Ukwenza i-Instramional ithi, iPtolemia ifuna ulwazi lwejometri yeplanethi yethu. I-theorem yokubala i-radii, ii-ARCs kunye nezangqa zinikelwe kumsebenzi weClaudia obizwa ngokuba ngu "Analema". Ixabiso elisetyenzisiweyo lolu lwazi kukuyila iiwotshi zelanga, ezakhiwayo zide ngaphambi kwesifundo sePtolemy. Umsebenzi "wePlasferey" uzinikele kwiprojeki ye-stereographic kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo ekubaleni kweenkwenkwezi.
"I-quadripripharcitum" yaba yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yeClaudia, kuba inikezelwe kwiziseko zokuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi, okanye ifuthe lemizimba yasezulwini yobomi bomntu. Kodwa iJografi ye-Gragraphy "yeGeography" yokuthandwa ayiphantsi kwe-almagsta. Ayisiyo iJografi yeJografi echazayo njengeziseko zenkcitho yekhathuni. Kwivolumu yokuqala, inzululwazi iphakamise ukuba inqaku lesalathiso elivela kwi-zero meridian, elalinikezelwa emva koko sanikwa iziqithi zesiqithi.
Iingxabano kunye neengxoxo malunga negalelo lePtolemy kwisayensi isaqhubeka, kwisiseko sokuba i-hipppurh ubude hipppar Hick ngaphambi kokuba uClaudia achaze izikhundla zeSouderies zasezulwini. Isiqinisekiso sokuqala sedatha ifumene imbongi u-Omar Khayam. Kwaye ngokufika kukaCopernis kwi-Arena yeSayensi yeHlabathi, iimfundiso zeenkwenkwezi zePtolemy kwaye zaziva zingenzi konke konke. Kwaye kuphela iJordani i-bruno yaqulunqa imfundiso ye-geocentrism kangangexesha elithile, exhasa inzululwazi yamandulo kwiinkolelo zakhe. Nangona kunjalo, kungekudala inkqubo ye-geocentric yendalo ihlaziywa ngolunye inzululwazi.
Ubomi Buqu
Kwindawo etshatileyo, kunye nobukho bokungabikho kwabantwana eClaudia, ulwazi oluthembekileyo alugcinwanga. Kodwa kuyaziwa ukuba inzululwazi yayinabalandeli kunye nabancedisi abaye wamnceda ukuba enze izinto ezinkulu kwisayensi. Incwadi ethi "I-Almagst" i-Ptolemy inikezelwe kuSira, kodwa ubuntu bakhe abusenziwanga, awayenaye kwinzululwazi nokuba isimo sengqondo sophando okanye isimo sengqondo sophando asiziwa ngokubanzi.
Kwisivumelwano esifanayo, i-thematicaricaication therithica ithethwayo, idatha eyayisetyenziswa yimifanekiso kwi-AstminoIline ukubala, kodwa yayingumfundisi we-PTOLEY okanye umntu osebenza naye engaziwa.
Inani labaphandi licebisa ukuba sithetha nge-suirnsky-isithandi-sobulumko, umlandeli wePlato, owayefunda nemephu yenkqantosi kwaye wenza imephu yasebusuku.
Ubudlelwane bobuqu buqu yaseColdiadial bekukho eClaudia kunye nabasebenzi bethala leencwadi lezenzululwazi kwi-Alexandria yase-Egypt, kuba wafumana ukufikelela kuncwadi oluyimfuneko. Kwimithombo yembali yokuqalisa kwexesha lethu, uClaudia uboshwe nge-egypy ye-ptolemyev, kodwa abaphandi bale mihla bathanda ukuqwalasela okubekiweyo.
Ukufa kukaPtolemy
Iimeko nomhla wokusweleka kwenzululwazi, njengazo zonke iinyani zebhayiloji yakhe, zihlala ziyimfihlakalo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Uluvo lwesininzi lwabaphandi luyancitshiswa kwinto yokuba umhla wokufa kukaClaudia kufuneka uqwalaselwe iminyaka eli-165 yexesha lethu.
Ngokutsho kolwazi lweeNkcukacha eziBalulekileyo, ngeli xesha kumhlaba wase-Afrika nase-Eurasia, obhubhane wesibetho, ixhoba laso, kusenokwenzeka ukuba laba nguPtolemy. Kodwa amawaka amathathu kwiminyaka emva kokuba efile, inzululwazi iqhubeka iqhubeka iphila kwimibhalo yakhe kwaye ixhamle inzala.
I-Bibliography
- "I-Canopian i-Canopian"
- "Iitafile zenkolo"
- "I-Hypother Hypotheses"
- "Amanqanaba eenkwenkwezi ezisisigxina"
- "Uhlalutyo"
- "IPlasferey"
- "I-Carrointhe"
- "IJografi"
- "Iimpawu"
- "I-ANOINICS"
- "Kwinqanaba lokugweba nokwenza izigqibo"
- "Undenzele"
- "Ubunkunkqele" kunye "nezinto"