Biography
Imigaqo esisiseko yentanda-bulumko yenziwa ngexesha lakudala. I-Pythagoras, Scates, uPlato - ababhali ababalaseleyo, izazinzulu kunye nabacinga ngexesha labo. Bonke babenegalelo kuphuhliso lwentanda-bulumko, kwaye malunga nePlato, i-Alfren, i-Alfritan ye-Alfred Alfred yavakaliswa ukuba zonke iintanda-bulumko zaseYurophu, eyona nto yaba ngumsunguli wendlela ebalulekileyo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Owona mnyaka wokuzalwa kwesithandi-sobulumko, ongaziwa. Kukho ingcinga yokuba kwenzeke nge-428 okanye i-427 bc. Usuku lokuzalwa lujongwa njengeMeyi 21 (I-7 thegelion), ngalo mhla amaGrike abhiyozela usuku lokuzalwa konyana kaZeus noTitides - uApollo.
Akukho lwazi lwekhonkrithi malunga nendawo eyazalelwa. Uninzi lwemithombo lubizwa ngokuba yi-Hometown yasePlato Athens, kodwa kukho enye indlela. Ngokutsho kwakhe, i-biography yentanda-bulumko yexesha elizayo yaqala kwisiqithi sase-Aerrigi, esikwi-Sironikos Bay, naseAthene, usapho lukaPlato lwashukuma ukuze lunike abantwana imfundo elungileyo.
Ngendlela, hayi kuphela unyaka kwaye indawo yokuzalwa kukaPlato ithathwa njengeyona nto. Kukho uluvo lokuba intanda-bulumko ibizwa ngokuba yi-Aristoclon, kwaye iPlato ligama eliyifumene kumqeqeshi we-dankration, i-Wrestler ka-Ariston ukusuka kwi-Ariston, ngenxa yamagxa anabantu abaninzi ). Okokuqala ngqa, oku kwakhankanywa yi-Antiquiquiquie Lanert Lanertsky.
Abazali bakaPlato baphatha ii-aristocrats. Uyise wefilosofi - inzala yokumkani wase-Athecki Card, kwaye umama wohlaziyo lweAthene ye-Solon. Ngumama kaPlato, uPlato wayengavuyini ezimbini, egxeka kwaye enoburhalarhume, omabini leqela leqela leConquit "tiranaas". Ukongeza kuPlato, uAriston noPerktoni (babizwa ngokuba ngabazali bakhe) babekho nabanye abantwana - oonyana bakaGlavaziyon, kunye nentombi yePyon.
Abantwana bafumana indlela yomculo yeklasi - ebizwa ngokuba yimfundo, equka ubuhle, isimilo kunye nezengqondo kwinkqubo (ebizwa ngokuba yi-muz). Ufundise uPlato ngelo xesha iPhilosopher ipeyintiwe, umlandeli we-Emesse. Phantsi kobunkokeli bakhe, ucinga ukuba ucinga ngoncwadi lwexesha elizayo, i-rhetoritor, isiseko, iziseko zesayensi kunye nolunye uqeqesho.
Ngelixa ufunda ezona ziphumo zibalulekileyo, iPlato ifunyenwe kwincwadi, ezibonakalayo kunye nomzabalazo, kamva zathatha inxaxheba kwimidlalo yeOlimpiki ne-Nemean.
Ubuntwana kunye nolutsha uPlato wawa ngexesha lasemva kwemini, xa amagwala, ikhasethi kunye ne-korestolubiye yasasazeka phakathi kwabantu. Imeko yomeleza kuphela imbambano yomkhosi phakathi kwe-dossky Union kunye ne-pelonesiky.
Inani lezopolitiko lika-Ariston lazama ukumisela ubomi babanye abantu. Ke ngoko, wayefuna unyana wakhe emva kokufumana imfundo, kodwa, waba ngusopolitiko, kodwa uPlato ngokwakhe unamathela ezinye izimvo ngekamva. Wazama ngokwakhe ekubhaleni, ukubhala imibongo kunye nemibongo.
Ngo-408 bc NS. UPlato oselula wagqiba kwelokuba abo bachukumiseka yintlekele kwiholo yemidlalo yendawo. Endleleni, wabaleka waba ekhulile, kodwa eyindoda eyomeleleyo. Babenencoko eyaguqula ubomi bomfana emilenzeni entloko, kwaye wanika nobomi obutsha. Le ndoda yayinguSodrates.
Ubomi Buqu
I-Plato yobomi buqu ayiqondakaliyo nakubabhali-mbali ababuyisele iinyani zebhayiloji yakhe. Isithandi-sobulumko sishunyayelwa ukwala ipropathi yabucala, kunye noluntu lwabafazi, amadoda nabantwana. Ke ngoko, akunakwenzeka ukwabela umfazi omnye uPlato, ngokungathi ungabizwa kanye ngabantwana bendalo.Ngokusemthethweni, uPlato akazange atshate. Naye ngokwakhe wakhuthaza umxholo wothando lwe-platotic, echaza le mvakalelo yentlonipho kunye nokukhathalelwa phakathi kwabafundi kunye notitshala, echaza ukuba akuyomfuneko ukuba bawuthanda umzimba womntu, kodwa ke nomphefumlo wakhe. Iimvakalelo awayezigqala njengento ephantsi ekufuneka uyenzile ukuze ulawulwe.
Ifilosofi kunye nembono
Imfundiso yeSocrates yayiyinguqu, yayipapashiwe kwinto eyayingaphambili. Kwintanda-bulumko yakhe, gxila kuphononongo loxolo nendalo eguqukayo emntwini. Izimvo kunye neenkcazo zeSocrates zachukunyiswa yiplato emiselweyo, yona imisebenzi yabe4.
Kwi-399 BC NS. USodrates wagwetywa wagwetywa. Isithandi-sobulumko sasityholwa ngokungazukiswanga ngabathixo, sihlonitshwe ngabahlali besixeko, saza sahambisa ukholo olutsha, ngaloo ndlela sonakalisa abantu. Ngentlonipho malunga nemfanelo yangaphambili, kubandakanya nethamsanqa lemfazwe, uSorates wavunyelwa ukuba athethe nentetho yokhuseleko (ngesiseko seSpreyisi ", kwaye isigwebo sentambo sabhalwa), kwaye isigwebo sentambo sasiqhutywa Ukusela ityhefu ukusuka kwisitya.
Ukubulawa ekwenziweni kwakuphenjelelwa kakhulu nguPlato, kubangela intiyo yentiyo yedemokhrasi. Emva kokubhubha kukatitshala, uhamba eluhambeni, iinjongo zakhe ziyaqhelana nezinye izazinzulu, ukutshintshiselana ngamava kunye nolwazi lwee-swicts kwiziseko zokuba. Kule minyaka ilishumi le-10 ukuya kweli-15, isithandi-sobulumko sasityelele uMegahar, kypreu, Fibika naseJiphutha. Ngeli xesha, wakwazi ukuhlangana kwaye encokola noYilo lweTartan, nabanye abafundi beSocrates Euclide kunye ne-feodor, kunye ne-haldia. Ele lokugqibela banyanzela ukuba bangene kwintanda-bulumko yasempuma.
Emva kokuwa ixesha elide, uPlato wafika eSicily. Kwizicwangciso zesithandi-sobulumko yayikukudalwa kweLizwe elitsha kunye nenkokeli yasemkhosini ye-Dionisia yaseMfisia (ekwabizwa ngokuba yiSirakuse). Ngokutsho kwendoda, emoyeni entsha, intanda-bulumko kufuneka ilawule, ingaseli ityhefu yesitya phantsi komngxunya wesihlwele esitshayayo. Kodwa umbono awuzange ufumaneke: UDionsius waza waba ngumcinezeli, apho imibono yeplato engazange ithande.
Emva koko, isithandi-sobulumko sagqiba kwelokuba sibuyele eAthens. ISixeko sinyanzele i-plato ukuba ihlaziye ezinye izimvo malunga nemeko efanelekileyo. Iziphumo zale mifanekiso zivuliwe kwi-387 BC. NS. I-Academy ngumsebenzi weziko lemfundo apho laqala khona ukuqeqesha abanye abantu. Ke kwasekwa inkolo entsha yenkolo nefilosofi.
Isikolo sikaPlato sabizwa ngokuba sizukiswa kule ndawo sasibanjiwe kuzo izifundo (sepaki ngaphandle kweAthene), kwaye indawo yalo yabizwa emva kwe-hekadem ye-hekadem. Kwi-Acatotic Academy, abafundi bafunda iMathematics, intanda-bulumko, isayensi yendalo, i-astronomy kunye nezinye iisayensi. Uqeqesho lwenzekile kwiincoko: IPlato ithathele ingqalelo ukuba le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwazi ubunyani bezinto.
Enye yencoko yababini yapapashwa phantsi kwegama elithi "ipier", imelwe kwincoko yamaGrike amandulo, amdumisa uThixo uErota. Itekisi yefilosofi ibalisa ngothando, iintlobo zayo kunye nolwazi ngale mvakalelo. Indawo ephakathi ihlalwa ziimbono zeSocrates embi, eyona nto ilungileyo.
Ootitshala nakubafundi beNkolo bahlala kunye, le ndoda yamkelwe kubalandeli bakaPythagora. Abafundi yayingu-Astronomer Evdokhh (owayesondele kwi-Plato ngeemfundiso zeMpuma kunye neenkolo) noFilosofi ombi we-aristotle.
Ngowama-366 ne-361 BC. NS. UPlato uphinde utyelele i-sasily kwisimemo sehlobo le-LIN - iSicuse noMlawuli kaShirin noShirin Dionysius. I-Dionicia ayiluthandi lo mthetho, ukuba yintoni enika yona ukuqonda ukubulawa kweDion. Ukufa komhlobo ophethwe lusizi kakhulu uPlato kwaye wanyanzeleka ukuba abuyele eAthene, apho intanda-bulumko yaqhubeka nokufunda abalandeli ngaphambi kokuphela kosuku.
Emva kwexesha, kumnqweno wokudala umxholo omanyanisa umntu kunye nendawo, isithandi-sobulumko seza kwinjongo entle. Kwimibhalo, wabonakalisa ngomphefumlo kunye nokungazenzi, ekholelwa ukuba zonke izinto ezijikeleze umntu ziziphumo zonxibelelwano lwezinto ezingaphiliyo, imibono nemiphefumlo. UPlato wayekholelwa ukuba kukho ilizwe elifanelekileyo lezinto. Ngokutsho kwakhe, zonke izinto zeli lizwe zineesampulu ezifezekileyo, i-prototype yezinto ezikhoyo enyanisweni.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, hayi umsebenzi wokuqala we-plato ogciniweyo, kodwa kukho iikopi. Eyona ikopi yakudala yomsebenzi wefilosofi ifumaneka kwiSixeko sasePemba (i-160 km yomazantsi-ntshona yeCairo), ebhalwe kwi-PAPPYRUS yase-Egypt.
Imisebenzi yePlato yeFotonian yezeMisebenzi. Ukukhuseleka kwemisebenzi eqokelelweyo yesithandi-sobulumko, enkosi i-Aristofograph yamandulo yase-Ariistolayi yaseBibliograph. Ngendlela yokuqala, kwaye uqhekeza imisebenzi kaPlato, yahlulahlula kwi-trilogy.
Emva kwexesha, uhlengahlengiso luqhutywa i-pilosofer trasl ukusuka eMenda, iAstrologder yenkundla uTiberius Julia Caesar Augustus. I-Trasill ihle i-ratos ye-plato kwi-ttratology, ukwahlula-hlula kusetyenziswa ngoku.
Kwakukho ezinye iinzame zokuhambahamba kunye nokwenza iqela lendalo yesithandi-sobulumko. Inguqulelo ye-Alexeives yaseRussia i-Alexei Fedorovich Ilahleko iyathandwa. Ngokutsho kweNcwadi kaPlaston, ifanelekile yahlulwe ngamaxesha ama-4 - kwasekuqaleni ("Crytons", njl. Njl.), I-Ion "njl.njl.)," IXESHA "," Ilizwe ", njl njl) kwaye emva kwexesha (" imithetho "kunye" neplanethi yeposi ").
Ixesha elinye loluntu lalifumaneka kwimveliso enye ye-plato "Timey". Le meko yalungiswa yiFilosofini yase-Italiya iFortilio Fikino (1433-1499), eguqulela wonke umsebenzi ovela kwisiLatini samandulo.
Ukufa
Emva kokubulawa kweDion yeSicoracuse nge-354 BC. NS. UPlato wabuyela eAthene, apho wayehlala khona kude kube sekupheleni kwemihla. Kwiintsuku zokugqibela zobomi, waqalisa ukusebenza kwincwadi entsha "ekuhleni kunjalo." Isiseko sePlato sabasebenzi sele senziwe kwaye sabelana ngayo nabafundi. Nangona kunjalo, bashukumisela iingcinga ephepheni kwaye azizange ziphume.Ababhali-mbali babhala ukuba umfundi weSocrates akazange abone ukuhleka, ngelixa wayelala noTomik Aristophant, imbongi enkulu. Ngaphandle kwentsingiselo yePlato kwintanda-bulumko, iyaziwa ngobomi bakhe bemihla ngemihla, kwingxoxo Aye ekhankanya ngamanye amaxesha, echaza iziganeko ezincinci.
Ngomhla wakho wokuzalwa kwi-348 (okanye i-347) BC. NS. UPlato walishiya eli lizwe ngenxa yezizathu zendalo, ethathela ingqalelo iminyaka yakhe. Akukho nguqulo enye yeziganeko. Omnye wabo, le ndoda iswelekayo edesikeni, kwelinye inomsitho womtshato. Kwakhona, esinye sezizathu zokufa kwesithandi-sobulumko sibizwa ngokuba yi-pediculosis, kodwa ngokubhekisele "kwimbali yefilosofi" "Thomas Stanley wabhala ukuba abantu abasasasaza ingozi enkulu ejikeleze i-plato yamenza ingozi enkulu.
Isithandi-sobulumko sangcwatyelwa kwi-ceramics, hayi kude nezemfundo. Kumatye akhe aqingqiwe la magama:
"Oonyana ababini baphinda bavela ku-Apolo, uEssulap noPlato. Omnye uphilisa umzimba, omnye ke - umphefumlo.Kwinkumbulo yePlathini, iipeyinti zibhalwa kwaye zikroliwe. Njengomlinganiswa, isithandi-sobulumko sabonakala kwi-Kinocartes "igazi, ukona" (1948), "UShriyini" (1985), "Per" (1989). Ngo-2010, ifilimu "yokufa kukaSo Soduka" yakhululwa, apho kuvela khona uPlato.
Iingcamango kunye nezinto ezifunyenweyo
Entliziyo yefilosi yePlato yePlato ilele i-SOSCIS, ngokokubona ukuqonda kwenyani kuphela malunga nokwenza izinto ezingaphenduliyo ezizenzileyo, i-upoxtist yehlabathi. IGenesis ziyiziseko, i-EIDSA (izimvo), indawo engapheliyo kunye nexesha. Iingcamango zokuqonda ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye ke, zinokufundwa. Oku kuchazwe kwimisebenzi yexesha lethutyana kunye nexesha elikhulileyo.
Kwimisebenzi kaPlato "Kristen" kunye "nexesha", kuqala ichaza imbali ye-Atlantis, eyimo efanelekileyo. Kuyinyani, akunakwenzeka ukuba ubone indawo eya ngqo. Ngokufanelekileyo, esi siqithi sasikwintshona ye-hercules. Ukunyamalala kwakhe kwentanda-bulumko enxulumene nenyikima eyenzekileyo, ngenxa yoko ilizwe laliphoselwe kuwo emanzini kunye nabemi balo - ii-Atlan.
Okokuqala ngqa, umdla kwi-Atlantis wavela kwi-Renaissance Epoch, kodwa kwisayensi, imibuzo malunga nokubakho kwakhe kwahlala impikiswano. Kule nto, ibali lesi siqithi lithathwa njengentsomi, kodwa imizamo yokufumana iinyani zokwenyani kunye neziganeko eziqinisekisa ubukho bayo azange zenziwe zangaphambili.
UPlato wayedla ngokukhaba i-jenel diogen evela kwimoop (Lowo wayehlala emgodini kwaye wahamba emva kwemini nge-tight "efuna umntu"). Xa uPlato wathi ngomntu, ukuba esi sisilwanyana esibuhlungu, ezingenazibhokoxa, uDiogen wambetha ngenkukhu ye-platis, ebiza indoda yasePorton. Emva koko, isithandi-sobulumko kwakufuneka songezwe kwigama elithi "ngeflethi (izikhonkwane ezibanzi".
UPlato ngumchasi wentendeso kunye nokubonakalisa ukuqaqamba kweemvakalelo, wayekholelwa ukuba indlela enjalo yokuziphatha yayiphantsi kwaye inesiqalo esiyingozi. Uluvo malunga nolwalamano phakathi kwamadoda nabafazi, wavakalisa kwimisebenzi eyahlukileyo.
Iikowuti
"Ndizenzele umhlobo, kodwa inyaniso ibiza kakhulu ukuba" le nto iguqukele kum "plato kum, kodwa inyaniso ixabisa kakhulu, kodwa inyani yayo ixabisa kakhulu, i-martin Luther kunye neeNkonzo zeNkonzo)." Xa abantu banyanzelekile ukuba bakhethe ukusuka kubini banomsindo, akukho mntu uqondayo, ukuba unokukhetha encinci. "" Uza kuba yintoni indawo yokukhuselwa? Nangona kunjalo, kunzima ukufumana ngcono kunelo ifunyenwe kwelona xesha lide lide. Ukuze umzimba, yinto yokuzivocavoca, yomphefumlo-womphefumlo. "" Ungamxolela umntwana owoyike ubumnyama. Intlungu yobomi yokwenene, xa indoda iyoyika umhlaba. "Abo bakrelekrele ngokwaneleyo ukuba bangakhutshelwa kwezopolitiko bohlwaywa ngabo.Sebenza
- "UXOLO LONYAKA"
- "I-EVTIFRON"
- "Protagor"
- "Gorgiy"
- "I-Hippius enkulu"
- "Umthendeleko"
- "Icacisa"
- "Sophist"
- "Izopolitiko"
- "IMITHETHO"