Biography
UThomas Edin Umhlaba uyazi njengomveleli okwazile ukuphucula ibhalbhu yokukhanya, kunye noMbhali wegramafoni, isitulo sombane kunye nommiselo wefowuni. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuchasene ne-genises ezininzi, indoda yahlulwe yitalente eqaqambileyo yoShishino.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UThomas Alva u-Edison wazalwa nge-11 kaFebruwari, nge-1847 kwidolophu yaseMerica yaseMalen, kwintsapho yabafuduki eHolland. Al, njengoko babebiza uluhlu lwexesha elizayo ebuntwaneni, abazange bahlukane nempilo ye-bogatlish - ukukhula okuphantsi, amasela (nangona uThomas (nangona uThomas ajonga iifoto zabantwana). Ukongeza, ukubandezeleka nguSqulatali obonakaliswa yingxowa-inkwenkwe yamadangatye kwindlebe yasekhohlo. Abazali bajikelelelane nonyana wakhe, kuba ngaphambi kokuba baphulukane nabantwana ababini.
UThomas akazange aphumelele esikolweni, ootitshala babenelungelo lomntwana olinganiselweyo, 'banele "iinyanga ezintathu, emva kokuba abazali ngesikere bamthatha esikolweni kwaye bafaka umsebenzi wabo wasekhaya. Nge-Azas yeSayensi yeSayensi yeSikolo e-Edison eyazisa umama, uNancy Eliot, intombi yombingeleli enemfundo eqaqambileyo nemfundo.
UThomas waphakama kumntwana ongafunekiyo, unomdla ocacileyo kwinto eyenzekayo - ethanda ukujonga abathengisi, ihlala ijikeleza kufutshane nabachweli, bebukele umsebenzi wabo. Elinye isifundo esingaqhelekanga esinikele iwotshi kukukhuphela imibhalo ngeempawu zendawo yokugcina izinto.
Ngokuhamba kukaEdison ukuya kwisixeko sasePorto Huron, semibele thomas badibana nelizwe elicokisekileyo lokufunda kwaye okokuqala ndazama ukunyanzelwa. Ngelo xesha, inkwenkwe ithengisa ngeziqhamo kunye nemifuno kunye nonina, kwaye ngexesha lakhe lokuphumla babalekela kwithala leencwadi loluntu ledolophu emva kweencwadi emva kwedolophu.
Ngo-12, umntwana okwishumi elivisayo wadibana nemisebenzi kaEdward Gibbon, uDavid Yuma, uRichard Burton, Kodwa yafundwa incwadi yokuqala yesayensi yaza yasetyenziswa enye iminyaka eli-9. "Ifilosofi yendalo neyokuvavanywa" yokubhalwa kwe-richard Green Green Green Edibene neNzululwazi yeNzululwazi kunye nezobuchwephesha kunye nemizekelo yovavanyo olwenziwayo.
Uvavanyo lweekhemikhali lufuna utyalomali, ngethemba lokufumana imali engaphezulu. U-Edin omncinci uzinze umthengisi wamaphephandaba kwisikhululo sikaloliwe. Le ndoda yayivunyelwe ukuba ixhobise elebhu kwinqwelo-mgaba yololiwe, apho wayeqhuba khona iimvavanyo. Nangona kunjalo, okwethutyana, ngenxa yomlilo uTomas wagxothwa kunye nelebhu.
Ngexesha lomsebenzi esitishini, umcimbi wawusenza, nto leyo eyancedayo kwi-biegraphy yezalathisi ye-novice. U-Edin wasindisa ekufeni phantsi kwamavili entloko yonyana wonyana wonyana wesikhululo, awafumana iposti yomqhubi wetelegram, apho wayesebenza khona iminyaka eliqela.
Endleleni yelanga, uThomas wafumana i-America efuna indawo ebomini: e-Indianapolis, eNashville, eCincilleti, wabuyela kubasebenzi bakhe bobuntu, kodwa emva koko eBoston, emva koko eNew York. Lonke eli xesha, elinqabileyo lunciphise, kuba isabelo sengonyama kwiimveliso sichithwe kwiincwadi kunye novavanyo.
Izinto
Imfihlo yomnxeba omkhulu ozifundisayo ilula kwaye ixoka kwikoteyishini kaTomas edison, eyathi ekugqibeleni yaba lingqina elinamaphiko:
"UGenius yiipesenti ezi-1 zokuphefumlelwa kunye neepesenti ezingama-99 zokubiyela."Ukunyaniseka kweziteyitimenti kuxoxwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, iLuunai kwaye ichithe ubusuku kwiilebhu. Njengoko wayezivuma, ngamanye amaxesha wayenomdla wokuba uchithe emsebenzini kude kube seminyaka eli-19 ngosuku. Kwibhanki ye-Ediggy ye-Ediggy - amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza afunyenwe eUnited States, kunye namawaka ama-3 amaXesha malunga nokubhalwa kwezinto ezikhutshwe kwamanye amazwe. Kwangelo xesha, indalo yokuqala kwindoda ayizange ithenge. Umzekelo, amaTyamu abalwa imitha engenamsebenzi kunyulo.
Ithamsanqa imnandi ngexesha lokusebenza kwinkampani "igolide kunye ne-stoke telegragragraph yenkampani". UThomas wafumana umsebenzi kurhulumente ngenxa yokuba wayifumana iyunithi yetelegraph-ngalo msebenzi, akukho mntu unokuhlangabezana neenkosi ezimenyiweyo. Kwaye ngo-1870, inkqubo ephuculweyo yokufumana ifowuni yeebhulethi zegolide kunye nesitokhwe, inkampani yabonwabile ukuba iyakhathaza. Umveleli wachitha imali ekuvuleni kwendibano yakhe yokuveliswa kwee-tickers zotshintshiselwano, kunyaka kamva, uEdison wayesele enendawo ezintathu zoomasifundisane.
Kungekudala ityala laqhubeka liphumelele. UThomas Wamisa inkampani "Pope, Edison & CO", kule minyaka mihlanu izayo yayisisivuno ngaxeshanye - i-quadrppele idluliselwe ngaxeshanye kwi-wire ngaxeshanye. Umsebenzi we-ivovorive ufuna ilabhoratri elungiselelwe kakuhle, kwaye ngo-1876 kufutshane ne-York, kwidolophu yaseMenlo Park, ukwakhiwa kwendawo enobunzima bemigangatho yokuqalisa. Ilabhoratri kamva idityaniswa amakhulu eentloko zokukhanya kunye nezandla zobuchule.
Imizamo yokuguqula imiyalezo yefowuni kwisandi yaguquka kwimbonakalo yegramafoni. Ngo-1877, uEdison ngoncedo lwenaliti kunye nokulimala kwabhalwa ingoma yabantwana "uMariya wayeneMvana." Imveliso entsha yaqwalaselwa kwi-verge yentsomi, kwaye uThomas wafumana igama lesiqhulo le-wizard kwi-Men Park.
Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, umhlaba wamkela owona uyilo lubalaseleyo lwe-thos edison - wakwazi ukuphucula umngxunya wokukhanya, ecima imveliso yawo kwaye wenza imveliso. Izibane ezikhoyo zitshiswe kwiiyure ezimbalwa, zichithe ixesha elininzi okanye indleko. U-Edison wachaza ukuba kungekudala yonke iNew York ingakhanya iibhalbhu ezingenamlilo, kwaye ixabiso lombane liya kuba lifikeleleke, laza laqalisa ukuzama. Kwimithanga ye-incandeseces, izixhobo ezingama-6000 ezazizame kwaye, ekugqibeleni, zimiswe kwi-fiber enamalahle, eyayitshisa iiyure ezili-13,5. Emva kwexesha, ubomi benkonzo banyukele iiyure ezili-1200.
Amathuba okusebenzisa iibhalbhu ezikhanyayo, kunye nenkqubo ephuhlisiweyo yokuvelisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kombane, u-Edison wabonisa ukudalwa kwesityalo samandla kwi-YORK KWI-YORK KWI-YORK: Inani labasebenzisi beendlela zombane kwiinyanga ezininzi linyuke ukusuka kwi-59 ukuya kwisiqingatha sengqondo.
Ngo-1882, "imfazwe yemidlalo" yaqalwa, eyathi yaqala ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkulungwane yesibini. U-Edison wayezibuza ukusetyenziswa kwe-DC, ethi, nangona kunjalo, idluliselwa ngaphandle kwelahleko kuphela kumgama omfutshane. UNikola Tessa, oweza elabhoratri ye-Thomas, wazama ukubonisa ubungqina bokuba enye iguqulwe ngokukodwa idluliselwe ngamakhulu eekhilomitha. I-Leendartor yexesha elizayo inikelwe ukuyisebenzisa ngenxa yezityalo zamandla kunye neemveliso, kodwa azifumananga nkxaso.
UTssa, kwisicelo somamkeli, esenza iimoto ezingama-24 ngokutshintsha okwangoku, kodwa akazange afumane umsebenzi ovela e-Edin weedola, wakhubeka waza waba ngumkhathaleleli. Ngokudibeneyo noMzi-mveliso uGeorge Westerge, uNicola waqalisa ukwazisa ukutshintsha kwangoku. UThomas wafaka kwinkundla kwaye eqhuba iphulo le-pian emnyama, eqinisekisa ubungozi bolu hlobo lwangoku lokubulala izilwanyana. I-Apoee yayikukuqaliswa kwesitulo sombane sokuqhutywa kolwaphulo mthetho.
Inqaku lemfazwe lathunyelwa kuphela ngo-2007: Injineli eyintloko ye-Edion Consun Cably cutly Corby i-Cable yokugqibela, ngokutsho kokusisigxina kweNew York.
Umveleli owenziweyo kunye nelungelo elilodwayo le-radicography, ebiza i-fluoroscope, kunye ne-rosefoni elahlekileyo eyandisa umthamo wonxibelelwano ngefowuni. Ngo-1887, uTomas e-Edison wakha ilabhoratri entsha kwi-West Armorz, enkulu kunetekhnoloji yangaphambili nexhotywe. Ingxelo yelizwi kunye nebhetri ye-alkaline ivele apha.
U-Edison washiya umkhondo kwimbali ye-cunematography. Elabhoratri ye-Thomas wabona ukukhanya kwe-kinetoscope-isixhobo esinamandla esibonisa imifanekiso eshukumisayo. Eyona nto iphambili, into eyiyo yayiyi-cinema yobuqu- kwi-eyeepie ekhethekileyo ibukele ifilimu. Emva kwexesha elincinci, uEdison wavula iholo yePatloscope iHolo yaza yayixhobisela iibhokisi ezilishumi.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi bobuqu be-Thomas nabo babuphumelele ukutshata kabini kwaye bafumane abantwana abathandathu. Ngomfazi wokuqala, i-telegragragistry mary yaya kutsho, umrhwebi waphantse waya kwisithsaba kwiinyanga ezimbini emva kokuba umntu endimaziyo. Nangona kunjalo, umtshato kwafuneka uhlehliswe ngokusweleka ngokusweleka kukaMama Edison. Umtshato wadlalwa ngoDisemba 1871. Umsitho ohlekisayo uqhagamshele nombhiyozo: UTomas ngoko nangoko emva kokuba imibhiyozo iye yaya emsebenzini kwaye ilibale ngobusuku bomtshato.
Kule manyano, intombi noonyana bakhe bobabini bavela ehlabathini, abantwana abadala bayamfaneleka kwaye uTomama-ngesandla esilula sikatata ekhaya enxibe iKliniki yeKliniki kwaye ezukisa i-ABC Morse. UMary wasweleka kwiminyaka engama-29 ukusuka kwi-turumum yengqondo.
Kungekudala u-Edison waphinda wabathanda kwakhona, ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, kuthando olukhulu. UMini oneminyaka engama-27 ubudala waba ngabanyuliweyo, apho umkhuseli wafundisa u-AzbBBuke nurse, kwaye kolu lwimi wasiphakamisa isandla nentliziyo yakhe. Edison evela Mina naye wazalelwa oonyana ababini kunye nentombi - i heiress kuphela, owasinikayo uyise abazukulwana bakhe.
Ukufa
Umveleli omkhulu akazange aphile kwisikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-85 kwiinyanga ezine, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba asebenze. UTomas u-Edison wabanjwa kwiswekile Mellitus, isifo esibuhlungu sinike iingxaki ezingahambelani nobomi.
Wasweleka ekuweni kowe-1931, endlwini kwidolophu yaseNtshona Orinzh, owayethenge iminyaka engama-45 eyadlulayo njengesipho somtshakazi, umfazi wexesha elizayo wale Miller. Ingcwaba lika-Edison lisemva kwendlu yale ndlu.
Iinyani ezinomdla
- U-Edison unikwe ingxelo yokuqulunqwa komgangatho olula wokufaka i-tattoos. Isizathu sinikwe amanqaku amahlanu kumphambili wasekhohlo we-Thomas, emva koko isixhobo se-stnel-pens esikrolayo, esasilityelelwe ngo-1876. Nangona kunjalo, uSamweli O'reali wamthathwa njengomzali wamatshini we tattoo.
- Kwisazela somntu ongenayo, ukusweleka kwe-slonihi topci. Abantu abathathu babulawa ngenxa yesilwanyana, ngenxa yoko wagqiba kwelokuba ambulale. Ngethemba lokuphumelela "imfazwe" u-Edison wanikezela ekuphumezeni enye intetho engama-6000 ye-6000 volts ngokutshintsha okwangoku, kwaye "intsebenzo" ebhalwe kwifilimu.
- Kwi-biography ye-genuus genius kukho iprojekthi yempazamo, kuba i-Eboding yayo yakha isityalo sonke-ukukhupha i-iron ye-ore ngeentlobo ze-ore ezahlukeneyo. Izizwe zivalwe kwi-invenptor, zibonisa ukuba kulula kwaye kunexabiso eliphantsi ukuze lityale imali kwiidipozithi ze-Ore. Kwaye babenyanisile.
- Ngo-1911, uEdison wakha indlu engafanelekanga equka ikhonkrithi, kubandakanya isigidi sefestile kunye nombane. Emva koko indoda yayigqwetha njengomyili wefanitshala, ingenisa izinto zangaphakathi zekhonkrithi kwinkundla yamatyala abathengi bexesha elizayo. Kwaye iphinde yafumana iFisco.
- Enye yeengcinga zasendle yayikukudala ihelikopta esebenza kwi-gunpowder.
- Izibane zokungena ngexesha elide umsebenzi zinikezwe ubuntu, inkonzo ye-sharish-iphupha labantu liye lehla ngeeyure ezi-2. Ngendlela, ngokuphuculwa kwesibane sobalo, amaphepha angama-40,000 eencwadana ezinemifanekiso.
- Igama elithi "Molo", incoko yokuqala ngefowuni, ikwanjalo nombono ka-Edison.
Izinto ezifunyenwe
- 1860 - I-Aerofor
- I-1868 -ivoti yombane kunyulo
- I-1869 - izixhobo ze-ticker
- I-1870-I-Coal Temmnene membrane
- Ngo-1873 - i-quadrupplex kutlegraph
- Ngo-1876 - Mimeograph
- Ngo-1877 - Igramafoni
- I-1877 - i-Coal Kibfowuni
- 1879 - isibane yezikhanyisi ne intambo amalahle
- I-1880 - Umahluli we-Magnetic we-Iron Ore
- I-1889 -I-quinsonoscope
- I-1889-Isitulo sombane
- I-1908-I-Iron kunye neBickel Bit