Biography
UNapoleon wathi nge-biscal yePascal, ingonyama Tolstoy ibiza kuye ingqondo enkulu, kwaye uIvan Turgenev wayethanda ubukhulu bale ngqikelelo. Umfo waseFransi wenza impumelelo eyayisisiseko kwisizukulwana esizayo: UPascal wayemi kwimithombo ye-Infosmatics, eqondakalisa ubukho bexinzelelo lwe-thamospic kwaye weza nomatshini wesishwankathelo obe yiprototypeype.
Ezinye zisetyenziselwa ukubona umzobo wepapasi kwiincwadi zezifundo kwimathematics nakwi-fihysics, i-genius yakukhumbula imibhalo yentanda-bulumko, eyindawo yokugcina i-Athorisms kunye neewotshi ezilumkileyo.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
Isazinzulu, unyaka awazalwa ngawo imihla umva Juni 19, 1623, wazalwa Thethani kwi emazantsi umbindi eFransi, kwisixeko Clermont-Ferrand. Ugqirha wezemva elizayo wakhula kwaye wakhulela kwintsapho enkulu (i-pascal wayenabantwana abathathu), ababengowamagosa asekwaweni.
Owona mphefumlo uphambili kwindlu, e-Etienne Pascal, osebenza ngusihlalo weSebe leRhafu, inkosikazi yakhe i-Atoizete ye-Atoyon, intombi kaSereshal ovenssha, yayikhokela ikhaya kwaye yayingumfazi olungileyo.
Xa inkwenkwe yayineminyaka emi-3 ubudala, umama wakhe wabulawa kukugula, ngoko ke uSplashes wakhula waza wamnyusa uYise. I-Etienne, eye yahluza iMathematics kwaye yavulwa kwe-snob yepakali, yanika imfundo yasekhaya kwinzala yakhe, eyaqala ukubonisa umdla ongasekuqaleni.
Ukutsaleka nomntwana onesiphiwo, ke ukufundwa koncwadi kunye nolwazi lwesayensi lwalunikwa kuye ngaphandle kobunzima obuninzi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba i-biography ye-biograph yokukhumbuza iminyaka yokuqala yeLebitta. I-Blaze yafuna ukufunda iincwadi ezindala ezindala kunye nababhali-mbali, kodwa utata wakhe walilalela uluvo lokuba inkqubo yokufunda kufuneka ihambelane nobudala benkwenkwe.
Ke ngoko, kubume benkqubo yemfundo ye-Etienne, i-blaze incinci yayikukuqhelana neelwimi zakudala eneminyaka emithathu, kwaye emva kweminyaka emithathu yaqala ukufunda imathematics, kodwa inkwenkwe yayingazi iziseko zeQueens yesayensi. Ke ngoko, kwitafile yokutyela, i-pascal encinci isoloko ibuza utata wakhe malunga nokudibanisa kunye nokuthathwa kwamanani, kodwa i-Etienne yayikholelwa ukuba inkanuko yemathematics kwiminyaka enjalo iya kuchaphazela ukufundwa kolwimi lwesiLatin.
Ngesinye isihlandlo, i-boerer yabuza umzali wakhe, injani ijometri, kwaye wachaza ukuba le yindlela yokuzoba amanani afanelekileyo kwaye afumane umda ophakathi kwawo. I-pascal ichukunyiswe yimpendulo emfutshane, iPasika yathatha amalahle kwaye yaqala ukutsala oonxantathu, izikwere kunye nokujikeleza phantsi, ukubiza umgca "we-hating".
UPascal oselula wazama ukufumana inkcazo nakwiinkqubo eziqhelekileyo, umzekelo, ngexesha lesidlo sasemini, umntu othile wachukumisa itafile phantsi kwezitya zonqulo, kungenxa yoko lesandi iviwe. Xa inkwenkwana eneminyaka elishumi elinanye ichukumise umnwe wakhe kwisitya, ivakala yanyamalala. UPascal ochukunyiswe wazama ukuchaza le nkqubo ingaziwayo, ngenxa yoko "unyango lwezandi" lwaphakama.
Xa lo mfana wayeneminyaka eli-14 ubudala, yena, ngaphandle kwezithintelo zikaYise, waqala ukuya kwizifundo zemathematics yaseFrance kunye ne-therist yoMculo Marilenna, eTorricelli, nakwezinye izazinzulu, zazikhona 78 Iimbalelwano eziphakathi. Akazithumeli nje kuphela ukuba nguPascal ebhedini elungileyo, kodwa neDesika kunye nefama.
Izinto zokungena kunye nezinto ezifunyenweyo
Eminyezi yesemina, iPasika yaqhelana neWemem Dzarg kwaye yaqala ukufunda imisebenzi yakhe. Imibhalo-ngqango ye-Dzarga ibhaliwe ngolwimi oluntsonkothileyo, ngoko ke ihla izimvo, ikhuthazekile kumaphepha akhe ezenzululwazi, eziqhotyoshelwe kwifomumu yemathematics yenziwa lula.
Ngapha koko, umfana oneminyaka eli-17 ubudala wenzeka kwimithombo yeendaba: Ngo-1640, ukukhanya kwabona "amava ethiyori yamacandelo eenkolelo", owaba sisiseko esisisiseko sokuqhubeka nomsebenzi wejometri. I-lemma yesithathu yalo msebenzi yi-pascal theorem, enceda ukwakha icandelo le-canonical lamanqaku amahlanu.
Ebusika bonyaka omnye, iPasika yafudukela kwikomkhulu laseNormandy - iRouen. Kule dolophu, iPascal-Drive isebenze ekhethekileyo, enza ukubala okubambisayo kunye nengqondo kwikholamu. I-blaze ifune ukwenza lula umsebenzi kaBawo, ngenxa yoko wayenombono malunga nokudala umatshini wokudima.
Sele ngonyaka ka-1642, isiqabu babandakanyeka kuphuhliso lwezinto ezimangalisayo. I-arithmeter eyenziwe kumgaqo-siseko wakudala wawubonakala ngathi yibhokisi eneegidi ezininzi kwaye yavumela ukubala amanani amathandathu, kwaye ukubalwa kwenziwa kwimodi yokuzenzekelayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuqulunqwa kwePascal akuzange kuzizisa amavili ozukiswa kuMdali wayo. Ngezo ntsuku eFrance, ukubala irhafu kwenziwa kwi-grains, i-su nemini, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa komatshini wenkqubo ye-CACCAUS kuyanceda kuphela le nkqubo, nangona pascal izamile ukuphucula indalo iminyaka yalo iminyaka elishumi.
Kodwa ukufunyanwa kwePascal kwabaluleka ukuya phambili kwamaphepha enzululwazi: Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XIRE, iCezanna nasePassan, kwaye ngo-1820 into yokubaleka ye-Metrocal yazisa uMdali wakhe - UCharlem Xavier Tom de colmar.
Ekupheleni kwe-1646, ukuqaqamba kwe-pascal, ekufundeni ngetyhubhu, ukususwa kwethamsanqa, yaqala ukubandakanyeka kwi-physics. Inzululwazi yaqalisa ukubeka iimvavanyo, kungqina ukuba i-aristotle's hypothesis ye-Aristotle malunga "yoyika ukulunga" kunemida. I-Italian Geius Torricelli iye yafumana amava ngetyhubhu ezele yi-Mercury ukubonisa ubukho bengcinezelo ye-tharmosfic, kwaye uye walunga ukuba i-tube yenziwa kwi-Mercury.
I-Blaze itshintshe olu vavanyo kwaye iqukunjelwe ukuba indawo ephezulu yetyhubhu ingazaliswa zizibini zekhemikhali, into elungileyo okanye into ethile. Iziphumo zomsebenzi wabo wokusebenza ezipapashwe kwiPhatha "Uvavanyo olutsha olunxulumene nokulilungisa", emva koko lwafuna ukugqiba kwelokuba isinyithi esinetyhefu siqhutywa yingcinezelo yetyhefu.
Ukongeza, uBlaift Passal wakhupha umbhalo obhaliweyo "(1653), wakha umbono we-hydrastatic kwaye wamisela umyalelo ophambili weFinostari yamaGrike.
Ngo-1651, uPascal wasweleka uTata wakhe, kunye nodadewabo uJacqueline, awafumana umhlobo, wathi kubomi behlabathi kwaye baya kwimonki. Ukuze kuphazamise ubunzima bokuba, iiglovesi baqala ukuvela rhoqo eluntwini, kwaye ngo-1652 wafumana ukwamkelwa nozuko, ehambisa umatshini wakhe wokuhambisa iSweden Christine.
Impumelelo yabangela ukuphathwa komdla kwimisebenzi ethe kratya yesayensi, uzuko nobomi behlabathi. Inzululwazi yayihlala ikwinkampani yabahlobo bakhe kwaye idlale ukungcakaza. Ukubukela umdlalo kwithambo, ukuphalala kunye nefama ebekwe iziseko zethiyori ye-conution, ngenxa yokuba i-rubnins iba nomdla kwezi zibalelo zibhale isincoko "(1657).
Intanda-bulumko
I-Blaze Pascal yashiya umkhondo kwimbali njengogqirha wezibalo kunye nonyango, kodwa bambalwa abantu ababaziyo ukuba ukuphalazwa kwesayensi, intanda-bulumko ekhethiweyo.
Inyani yile yokuba ngo-1654, uPascal blaze, ocwangcise ukubhala "iMathematics yetyala", wagqiba kwelokuba azishenxise ngobomi behlabathi ngenxa yexesha leshumi elinanye ngokuhlwa. Emva kwentambo engazi nto, ingcinga eyayiza kuqalisa, yaqala ukubhala izimvo zalo kwisikhumba sokuqala kwisikhumba sokuqala, siyifundile le mpahla yempahla. Oku kungena, ekubizwa ngokuba "yiSikhumbuzo" kwaye watshintsha ikamva lenzululwazi, lafunyanwa kuphela emva kokusweleka kwepasika.
Isixelela isigqibo sokushiya imali engekhoyo yaseFrance kwaye yaba yi-consessol kwimonki ye-pore-piano, iqulathe lonke uqhagamshelo lwehlabathi olwamnika ithemba lobomi obonwabisayo, ukona. I-pascal yamkelwa kwindawo yokuhlala kwaye yaqala ukunamathela kwindlela yokuphila enzima. Ngaphandle kwendlela eninzi yosuku, inani elincinci lokulala kunye nemithandazo eqhubekayo, inzululwazi yaziva iphumelele impilo nokhokelela kuMoya.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuphalaza iPascal, emva kwengxubusho kunye nabakwaziyo kunye neJesuits, nto leyo ngoMoya, owenze ukuba iileta eziziphetheyo kwiPhondo. " Indlela yePascal, epapashwe phantsi kwePseuduguanym kunye ne-Cauusting Cacuist, ibangele isikrelemnqa, ngoko ke isayensi, inyanzelekile ukuba sifihle kwaye siphile phantsi kwefani yomnye umntu.
Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba uVoltaire, iqela elichasayo lenkolo elizinikeleyo, encome incwadi yombhalo wePauscal, ukuba ngumsebenzi wakhe, kodwa ikwahlekisa kuphela. Ngapha koko, ukuphalaza, okwalayo kwiingzuzo ezintsha, baqhubeka nokuxoxa neMathematics nabahlobo bakhe, kodwa ngelo xesha waqalisa ukufunda le ne-cyperid ukuba iphazamise izinyo eligulayo.
Kwisisombululo esifanelekileyo sePascal, oqwalasele umsebenzi kaMersnunna, weza ngobusuku obunye, wenza ukuthandabuza okutsha. Inzululwazi yayingafuni ukumela iziphumo zoluntu eluntwini, kodwa umhlobo wakhe, uDweke de Roanne, walungiselela ukuba ukhuphiswano phakathi kweYurophu, ekwakufuneka eqondile indawo yokuzala kunye nendawo ye Imizimba ye-cycloids.
Ngaphandle kweenzame zeengqondo ezininzi, isigqibo samalungu e-pascal ye-jury samkelwa njengeyona nto ibalaseleyo, kwaye umbhalo wakhe waphembelela ukubalwa koomahluko kunye nokuchasana.
Ngaphandle koloyiso lwenzululwazi, iPascal iqhubela phambili kwindlela ekhethekileyo yolwazi yehlabathi kwaye yaqala ukuphikisana "nokuxolisa inkolo yobuKristu", apho wagxekwa khona kwi-Fluff nothuli benkolo yama-feshes. Kodwa uPascal wayenobunzima ekudalweni 'ekuxoliseni ", kwaye iimeko ezahlukeneyo ezivela ebomini baba sisikhubekiso sokubhala le filosofi.
Ngapha koko, amacebo onqulo atshintshe ngokuhamba kwexesha, ke, iirekhodi ezikhulu zenzululwazi yokushumayela ngobuKristu zazihluke ngohlobo kwaye zinomxholo. Emva kwexesha, le mibhalo yesandla yangena kwintlanganiso yezimvo ezibizwa ngokuba "zicinga ngenkolo kunye nezinye izifundo", apho umbhali wacinga ngesono santlandlolo kwaye sibonakalise ukuba nguYesu Kristu.
Kananjalo pascal yazisa ingxoxo yokubonisa ubuhlobo bokholo, uqhelekile kwisizukulwana sangoku njengeparisi ye-paris. Eyona nto iqiqayo kukuba ngaphandle kokholo kuThixo, kuyingozi ukuba siphile, kuba kwimeko yobukho bomntu ongakholelwa kuTitshala, onguDuble ongunaphakade, 'Ukuphulukana'. Kodwa ixabiso le "winnings" lincinci, kuba ukuba i-vals yenkolo iyilelweyo, ke akukho ntshukumo.
Ubomi Buqu
Umlinganiswa wePascal kufuneka agwetywe yintando yentanda-bulumko, kwaye ekuphela kothando ebomini bakhe yayiyinzululwazi. I-pascal inamathele kwindlela yokuphila yomoya, ke inokubakho intetho malunga nembewu yenzululwazi enkulu. Kukwaziwa ukuba blaze yayisempilweni ebuthathaka: Ngokwentsomi, nokuba yinkwenkwana eneminyaka emithathu ubudala, yatshabhiswa ngumfazi ocele i-Asms.
I-Etienne yayikholelwa kubugqwirha, ke, ukuthwala okuthile into engalunganga, yafumana igqwirha kwaye yayalelwa ukuba ingengulo uNyana esiqalekiso. Umonakalo wafudukela kwikati emnyama, kodwa uPascal uye wafumana ububi bomzimba ebomini bakhe bonke. Umzekelo, ngenye imini emva kwesidlo sangokuhlwa, isithandi-sobulumko saqalisa ukubekwa kwentliziyo, nto leyo ephantse yazisa imathematics ukuya kwimeko etyhafileyo.
UPascal wayekholelwa ukuba unobangela wesifo sentliziyo yayingenzanga. Kodwa, ngokwemibhalo-ngqangi egciniweyo, ukuphalala enezifo - ukusuka kwingqondo yomhlaza kwiingxaki ngomqolo. Abantu bexesha elidlulileyo bathi iPascal yayifana nendoda endala eyakha yayineminyaka engama-37 ubudala, kodwa ichithiwe, ngaphandle kokudinwa kwemisebenzi yoogqirha nokubhala. Ugqirha wayeqonda ukuba wayekulinganisela ukufa, kodwa akazange ava uloyiko ngaphambi kokuba afe.
Ukufa
Nyaka ngamnye, impilo kaPascal yaqala ukonakala, kwaye i-leary ayikwazanga ukunyanga inzululwazi kuzo zonke izifo, kwaye wafumanisa ukuba isifo sentsimbi.
Kuvaliwe nge-19 ka-Agasti, 1662, kwinqaba yobomi bobomi. Kwinkumbulo yenzululwazi, eyabetha umhlaba ngempumelelo yayo kunye namazwi, kwabizwa i-crater kwiNyanga, eyunivesithi eFransi kunye nolwimi lwenkqubo yeParate.
Izinto ezifunyenwe
- 1634-1635 - "phatha ngezandi"
- 1640 - "Amava ethiyori yecandelo lezonxibelelwano"
- 1642 - Umatshini wePasika
- 1647 - "Iimvavanyo ezintsha ezinxulumene nokulilungisa"
- 1653 - "Phatha kwi-Arithmetic Triangle"
- 1653 - "phatha ngokulinganayo ulwelo"
- Ngo-1854 - "ISikhumbuzo"
- 1657-1658 - "Iingcinga"
Iikowuti
- "Ngeempawu zokuziphatha zomntu, akunyanzelekanga ukuba ugwebe iinzame zakhe ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kubomi bakhe bemihla ngemihla"
- "Kum, hayi kwiZibhalo zikaMoniton, iqulethe oko ndikufunda kuzo"
- "Umntu akafanele azilinganisele kwizilwanyana, okanye kwiingelosi, akufuneki azekeli ngokungazi kokunye ubungakanani bendalo yakhe. Mazise oko "
- "Ukuzisa i-Aporest kwi-Properstation kukuyijongela phantsi"
- "Mhlawumbi kukho into engekhoyo kwinto yokuba umntu onjalo unelungelo lokundibulala, kuba uhlala kwelinye icala lomfula okanye urhulumente wakhe, nangona ndingakhange ndixabane yena "