Biography
I-Parmesid yifilosofi yamaGrike enkulu eyakwazi ukuveza ezakhe izimvo malunga, i-World Order kunye nentsingiselo yobukho bomntu kwifom yemibongo. Izimvo kunye neethiyori zeparide zenze isiseko sentanda-bulumko, kwaye imisebenzi yalo mntu ibangela inzala kunye ne-spores eshushu phakathi kwabo banomdla kwimicimbi yentanda-bulumko.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Ulwazi oluncinci lugcinwe malunga ne-biography ye-pamemente. Kuyaziwa ukuba isithandi-sobulumko sivela kwiGrisi enkulu ebizwa ngokuba yiGrisi (ngoku ingamazantsi e-Itali). Ngokutsho kwesinye isithandi-sobulumko, uPlato, iparidid wazalwa ngonyaka ka-475 kwixesha lethu kwisixeko saseAir. Ngokutsho kolunye ulwazi, ukucinga kwakuzalwa malunga ne-540 kwixesha lethu. Ifumene ulwazi oluvela kwi-parinid evela kusapho olufunekayo nolususiweyo kwaye lwathatha inxaxheba kulawulo lweSixeko.
Ootitshala bexesha elizayo yayinguXenofan kunye ne-Amine. I-Parinidi ithathele ingqalelo imibono yabacebisi, kodwa yazikhumbula kwi-prism yembono yakhe, ukutolika ngendlela yayo. Xa u-Amini wasweleka, iParmedid, njengomfundi ozinikeleyo, wamisa isithandi solingwa esiya engcwabeni lamandla akhe.
Intanda-bulumko
Iimfundiso zePribano zichazwe kumbongo phantsi kwegama "kwindalo". Lo msebenzi mkhulu wawusesiseko seSikolo seZikolo ze-Elais sentanda-bulumko. Ngelishwa, lo mbongo awugcinwa ngokupheleleyo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba iParmenid ichaze inqaku lakhe kwi-poitic: Umsebenzi ubhalwe yi-GECMETT.
Inxalenye yokuqala eyafikayo kumfundi yale mihla kukungena eyintsomi. Inyathelo liqala ngento yokuba i-Virgie entle inikezela ipasi yenqwelo yokuhambahamba. Le nqwelo iqala ukuthatha, ifanekisela ukunyukela komphefumlo womntu esibhakabhakeni. Kungekudala indlela yeParimede iphela, kwaye isithandi-sobulumko siphambi kwamasango esiza kuso.
Kumnyango ophantsi olindelekileyo ulindele isithixokazi esimema i-palamente ukuba iqhubeke ngaphakathi. I-virgo engafiyo iza kuvula isithandi-sobulumko yeyona nyaniso iphakamileyo malunga nenjongo yabantu abafayo. Apha intshayelelo, okanye inxenye egcinwe, iqhekeza.
Kule ndinyana ilandelayo, ukuqiqa kukaParimede kumiselwa malunga nokuba. Isithandi-sobulumko esimele sikwindlela yebhola. Apha, izimvo zeetoliki zichithwe: Ngokwenye yenguqulo, i-Parmedi yayingathethi ukuba yinxalenye yomzimba yokuba yiyo, kodwa umxholo wokomoya. Kwelinye icala, ibhola emsebenzini wefilosofi ibonisa indlela yendalo iphela, njengoko umbhali eyimele. Kukwakukufanelekile ukugxininisa ukuba ekumeleni amaGrike ngeli xesha ibhola yayiluphawu lweyona nyaniso efanelekileyo nevisiswano.
Isicwangciso sombongo siqhubeka ibali lothixokazi. I-Vego entle ivimba ixelele ukucinga ukuba ngaphandle kwangaphandle, sozelwe kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ayiyi kuyeka. Ukubonakaliswa kukwabonakaliswa ziimpawu ezine: Ukugqibelela, ukungasebenzi, ukungasebenzi kunye nokwanela. Nakuphi na utshintsho olwenzeka ngaphakathi ngokuba (oko kukuthi, ebomini bomntu olula), musa ukuyichaphazela intsingiselo yokuba. Ngamanye amagama, akukho micimbi ebonakala ibalulekile umntu ongachaphazeli ukuba.
Ngapha koko, i-parmenid ifana nohlobo lwencoko nge-helclite ye-herclite, ethi, ngokuchaseneyo, iqulunqe uluvo lokuba kunjalo, naziphi na iimeko zichaphazela imeko yazo, ukutshintsha kweemeko.
Hayi kufutshane neParmeno kunye nengcinga yokubonakala ekubeni kukungabilili. Isithandi-sobulumko esibizwa ngokuba ziingcamango ezifanayo. Ukongeza, umntu ocingayo walungisa indawo yokujonga kwabo bakholelwa ukuba ubukho behlabathi abukho. Kule meko, i-parmenid iqwalaselwe, ubomi bomntu, ukukhula kunye nokuzama ukuqonda umhlaba akunantsingiselo. Kufanelekile ukuba ihlawule imbeko kwifilosofi - ngokungafaniyo nabantu ababephila ngexesha nabantu abaninzi, umbono ngamnye oqiniswayo kunye nezibakala kunye nobungqina.
Isiteyitimenti sefilosoti esekwe ikakhulu kwinkcaso. Ubukhulu becala, i-Parmedi igxininisa ukuba izimvo zabantu abaqhelekileyo baphikisana nenyaniso ephezulu, engavunyelwanga ukuba ife. IGenesis kumbongo ichasene nomxholo wemfuneko. Isidingo kukuba asivumeli ukuba siyeke kwaye sisebenzise ukungabikho.
Kwintanda-bulumko yanamhlanje, i-parmenid ithathwa njengomsunguli wokuthanda izinto eziphathekayo. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela icekeceke kakhulu ukuba iveze eyakhe ithi ibonakala ingaqhelekanga: kwi-parlide akukho ntanda-bulumko wabhala iivesi. Ukongeza, akukho mntu wayesebenzisa izityholo ezimangalisayo kunye nemifanekiso yoothixo.
Iimfundiso zeParimen ziphuhlise umfundi wefilonofi ye-Zlanyy. Oku kucinga ukuba kukhokelele i-36 ebizwa ngokuba yi-Aporis (ukuphikisana), nto leyo engqina izimvo ze-pamemente malunga nokuba. Kwakukho ukuphikisana malunga ne-Achille kunye ne-turtle, ethi i-Achilles, eyaya kwinqanaba elithile kamva, i-turtle ayiyi kuba nakho kwi-Achilla nangaliphi na ixesha, ukoyisa umgama.
Ngeemfundiso ze-pamenides ngokuhlala zithelekisa izimvo zomnye umthandi-idemokhrimu, ethi, engafaniyo nobudlelwane beatom yeatom.
Ubomi Buqu
Akukho lwazi lugcinwe ngobomi bobuqu befilosofi. Akukaziwa ukuba i-parksides yayinosapho okanye ukucinga ngokuzinikela kubomi beengcinga zentanda-bulumko kunye nonyango.Ukufa
Akukho lwazi luthembekileyo malunga nokufa komfanekiso omkhulu. Ngokwenye ingxelo, phantsi kobomi, isithandi-sobulumko, kunye ne-Eleata (abalandeli beemfundiso zeParmeside) batshutshiswa kwaye batshutshiswa ngenxa yokucinga, kwaye abanye. Kwelinye icala, imfundiso yeParmeside yayifumaneka kuphela kwisangqa esimncinci sentanda-bulumko enjengeemvakalelo, eyayihlala ngokukhuselekileyo kwindlala enzulu.
Ukuba kunjalo, kukhuselekile ukuphikisa ukuba imibono yePaside ibe nefuthe kuphuhliso lwentanda-bulumko yexesha, kwaye isaxoxwa kwaye ixatyiswa ngabantu abangakhathalelwanga kwiingxaki zokuba.
Kuyacaca ukuba iimfundiso zepamente, iikowuti ezivela kuzo zisaqhutywa sisiseko somsebenzi wezithandi-zobulumko zaseYurophu ixesha elizayo. Ngubani owaziyo, mhlawumbi, ngaphandle kwendlela "yendalo", ukuphuculwa kwenkcubeko yaseYurophu kungayisiseko kwelinye ibhedi.
Iikowuti
- "Cinga, yinto enye."
- "Kuba sisiqalo sezinto zonke, kuba sikho, akukho sidenge, yonke into izele yiyo."
- "Ukungachaphazwanga ngumonakalo kunye nokufa, kungenjalo kuya kujika kubekho, kodwa akukho bumi."
- "Ukungabinaxesha elidlulileyo okanye elizayo. Ukuba icocekile. "