Biography
Kukho udidi lwabantu abathenga ukuba ukuze kufezekiswe iziphumo ezisemgangathweni, iimeko ezizodwa / izakhono ezizodwa ziyafuneka (ayikho malunga ne-Archimeee, isoyikisa ukuguqula umhlaba phambi kwendawo efanelekileyo yenkxaso). Kodwa kukho omnye udidi lwabantu abathi, ngaphandle kwayo nantoni na kwi-fluff nothuli, iinkolelo zomzekelo wokuqala. I-biography ye-bienezulan ye-venezulan kunye nezopolitiko kumzekelo oqaqambileyo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Isithethi sexesha elizayo sazalwa kunye nenkokeli yeVenezuela hugo chafael chavez rias eSabareta - ilali encinci eyayikwi-Barinas. Lo msitho wenzeka nge-28 kaJulayi ngo-1954. Inkwenkwe yaba ngowesibini wabantwana abasixhenxe kaHugo De Los Reyes Chávez kunye nomfazi wakhe uElen Friaz.
Ubuntwana bokuqala bagon kwilali yaseLos Rasrohos, enomntakwabo omkhulu, waphuma emva kokuphela kweeklasi zenqanaba lenqanaba. Abazali bathumela amakhwenkwe eSabaret, ukuze aphile naye, uHugo noAthana noAthana bafunda kwi-genam ebizwa emva koPhinda-mntu uDaniyeli.
I-chavez, ukukhumbula ubuntwana, idla ngokuthi iphume kwihlwempu lakhe, kodwa bonwabile. Emva koko waphupha ukuba ngumdlali we-baseball oqeqeshiweyo xa ekhula (ngokuyinxenye, eli phupha lazaliseka kwiminyaka yobudala). Emva kokuphumelela kwi-lyceum, uHugo wangena kwiZiko loMkhosi. Kwizifundo ezifanayo, umntu odlala i-baseball nebhola ye-softball-kuye kwamkhokelela ekubeni athathe inxaxheba kwiintshatsheli zelizwe ngokwemidlalo.
Kwakhona, ukuba ngumfundi weZiko lezemikhosi, iChivez yayinomdla kubomi kunye neenkcazo zegorha lesizwe-jikelele Simon Bolivaar. Emva koko, wangena ezandleni zencwadi ethi "diary che guevara", kwaye uHugo wabamba umlilo ngeembono ze-Latin American Erican Erical. Kwangelo xesha, i-chavez itsalele ingqalelo kubuhlwempu beklasi yeVenezuela kwaye yagqiba kwelokuba ilungisa oku kungabikho kokusesikweni kwixesha elizayo.
Ngo-1974, ubunkokeli be-Academy bathumela abafundi bayo ukuba babhiyozele ukubulawa kwedabi laseAyakucho, elenzeka ngexesha lokuzimela kwe-peru. Lo msitho wenziwa yintloko ye-challasco alvarado. Intetho kamongameli kwimfuno yobutshaba kwiminqweno yabasebenzi ngenxa yorhwaphilizo lweklasi yeminyaka engamashumi amabini ananye ubudala.
Omnye umsitho ophawula umhlaba owathi wenzekile kwiChavez ngexesha lokufunda kwi-Academymy tuder Organisayo oMgcini weSizwe Payama, uOmar Toohos, kunye notyelelo lukaPanama. I-velasco kunye neetotshi zabakhuthaza ubuchwephesha baseHugo-kwimizekelo yabo, imibono kunye nokufuduswa komkhosi kunye nokufuduswa komkhosi bezomkhosi kwabasemagunyeni bekusekwe kwimizekelo yabo. Ngo-1975, uHugo uphumelele ngembeko kwiYunivesithi yasemkhosini kwaye waya emkhosini.
Ezopolitiko
Ngexesha lenkonzo kwiCandelo le-Antimas, elibanjelwe eBangan, emva kwe-raid elandelayo, le ndoda yafumana i-cache ngoncwadi lwendalo yamaKomanisi (kubandakanywa nemisebenzi ye-karl marx kunye ne-vladimir lenin). Zininzi iincwadi ezizinzileyo kwaye ziyaziqhelanisa nazo ngexesha lakhe lokuphumla. I-chávez inyanzelekile i-chávez yengcambu kwiimbono zakhe zasekhohlo.
Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, kwimozulu ye-Assartupe, i-hugo ilwela kunye neqela "ibhendi yeflegi ebomvu". Emva kokunxibelelana namabanjwa, iqela lase-Utory laqalisa ukuqonda ukuba kungekuphela amandla karhulumente, kodwa kunye nomphezulu wobunkokeli bomkhosi. Ngaphandle koko, indlela yokuchaza into yokuba ingeniso evela kwintengiso yeoyile ayiyi eluncedo lwabahlali abahlwempuzekileyo belizwe.
ISityhilelo esinjalo sikhokelela kwinto yokuba ngo-1982, iChivez ifumana i "Pivez Chargariry Party party Party - i-Bolivariary Party - 200" (kamva "intshukumo ye" "). Uluvo lokuqala lombutho lwalubekwe kuphononongo lwembali yomkhosi woRhulumente ukuze wenze inkqubo entsha yemisebenzi yokulwa.
Emva kwexesha, i-Canry ye-Barry Cannist yakrexezela ukuba "intshukumo yaseBolivarian ye-Blivarian-200" yayisenziwa ngumbono omtsha, oye wangena konke okuhle kwiimodeli ezifanelekileyo zangaphambili. Ngo-1981, i-hugo ifumana isihloko sesiapteni kwaye ngexesha lesemester ifundisa kwiYunivesithi yakhe yangaphambili, ebelana ngezimvo zakhe nakwabo bafumana phakathi kwabo.
Emva koko, iChavez yathunyelwa ngokubuthwali kwidolophu ye-elors. UHugo ukrokrela ukuba yayilikhonkco, kuba iinkokheli zomkhosi zaqalisa ukuba nexhala ngezenzo zakhe. I-chavez yayingadideki- endaweni yoko, yaqala ukubazi nezizwe zeYaburo noKiibu - umhlaba welizwe, olo xesha le-venezulan of Anura.
Intsimi ne-Yuibu, i-Kuiba, iChavez yaqonda ukuba kwakuyimfuneko ukuyeka ukucinezelwa kwabemi beli lizwe kwaye kuhlaziywe imithetho ekukhuseleni amalungelo abahlali bomthonyama (oya kuthi kamva aphunyezwe). Ngo-1986, uHugo Chavez wafumana isihloko sesona siphambili.
Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, iposti kaMongameli yathatha uCarlos Andres Perez. Wakwazi ukuphumelela ugqatso ngexesha lonyulo ngenxa yezithembiso ezibhengeziweyo kwiphulo lonyulo. Ngokukodwa, isithembiso sokuyeka ukuyeka ukulandela umgaqo-nkqubo wemali weFund yemali yemali (i-IMF).
Ngapha koko, i-peres isuse enye indlela ebi kakhulu - Imodeli ye-neoliberal iyingenelo ngakumbi kwi-United States kunye ne-IMF. Abemi babemi be-venezuela abakhange bathandeke. Abantu beza kwimilinganiselo, kodwa ngommiselo kaMongameli, lonke uqhanqalazo lwalucinezelwa ngobuqili ngoncedo lomkhosi. I-chavez ngelo xesha yayilele esibhedlele, xa iindaba zafika kuye, waqonda ukuba kufuneka ilahleko emkhosini.
Ngokutsho kwe-hugo ephucukileyo neqela lakhe, isicwangciso salandela amaziko aphambili emkhosi kunye namajelo eendaba, ukuphelisa i-Perez, endaweni ye-rafael caldera (enye yangaphambili yelizwe). Yonke into yayilungele oku.
Kodwa, nangona kunjalo, inzame yendlela yombuso, iveliswe ngo-1992, yayingathwelwanga ngempumelelo. Ngenxa yenani elincinci labaxhasi, ukubhengezwa ezininzi, idatha engafakwanga kunye nezinye iimeko ezingalindelekanga, isicwangciso sikaChavez asiphumelelanga. NgoFebruwari 5 kwaloo nyaka, hugo ngokuzingisa ngokuzimeleyo waza wathetha kumabonwakude, ukuba abaxhasi bakhe banikezele, besithi kude kube ngoku waphulukana nayo.
Lo msitho waqwalaselwa ngokweenkcukacha amajelo eendaba kwihlabathi liphela (amanqaku anefoto yeHugo yayikuzo zonke iimpapasho eziphambili zehlabathi) kwaye wazisa ibanjwa lentolongo yasemkhosini yeSarilos Chavez. Kwakhona, ezi ziganeko bezingadlule kwaye uCarlos Andres Peres Peres-kumagosa kunye nonqulo lohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lukarhulumente kwiinjongo zobuqu kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho ngo-1993, uMongameli wagwetywa kwaye esuswe e-ofisini. ICaldera yeza endaweni yakhe.
URafael Caldera ukhulule i-hugo kunye nabaxhasi bakhe, besusa zonke izityholo, kodwa banqabile ukuya kukhonza kwimikhosi yemibutho yelizwe. I-Chavez ke yaya kuphakamisa izimvo zayo phakathi kwabemi, kwaye ifuna inkxaso phesheya (emva koko indazana noFidel Dostro).
Ngexesha lokhenketho lukaUruguay, eChile, eCile, eCuba kunye neArgentina Chavez befunde kumanxulungulo ukuba izenzo zomongameli wecaldera azifani kakhulu kwizenzo zezinto ezifuywayo. Ukurhanela into engalunganga, uHugo wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe.
I-chavez iqonde ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba uzenze kumandla ngendlela enobundlobongela, kuba u-Oligrkers akazange avumele ukuba aphumelele kwicaldera kunyulo oluzayo. Nangona kunjalo, i-hugo ithathe isigqibo sokuzama ukuyenza ngaphandle kongquzulwano oluxhobileyo, elisekwe ngo-1997 "Intshukumo yeRiphabhlikhi yesihlanu" (kamva yaba ngumbutho omanyano weVenezuela) - itheko lasekhohlo.
Kwindibano kaMongameli ka-1998, uHugo Chavez wakwazi ukudlula i-rafael caldera, i-Irene Saas kunye ne-Enrique Raehers, ojoyine isikhundla sikaMongameli Venezuela ngo-1999.
Ikota yokuqala kaMongameli yeChavez yahlala kude kube ngu-2001 kwaye iphawulwe ngokulungiswa kweendlela kunye nezibhedlele, ukunyanga simahla kunye nokugonya, ukubonelela ngoncedo lwentlalo, kunye nokugxothwa kweVekisi " Molo, uMongameli "apho ubani ebenokuxoxa ngawo nge-chavez umbuzo ocinezelayo okanye ucele uncedo.
Ikota yokuqala kaMongameli yalandelwa okwesibini, eyesithathu neyesine yesine. U-Oligarkery akazange abhukuqa i-Fetk Petk, uMongameli waseHugo Chávez, ngaphandle kokutsala ngo-2002 kunye novavanyo ngo-2004.
Ixesha lesine lika-Phuvez laqala ngoJanuwari ngo-2013 laza laphela ngo-Matshi lonyaka ngenxa yokufa kukaHugo. Ngapha koko, indima yentloko ye-State yenziwa nguNicholas Maduro, owaba ngumongameli olandelayo weVenezuela. Kwaye uHugo Chavez wasweleka eneminyaka engama-58.
Ubomi Buqu
Kabini wayetshatile. Umfazi wokuqala waba ziingceder zeNancy, apho intombi yentombazana ye-chavez vinniginia (1978) noMaria Gubriela (1980) kunye nonyana kaHugo Rafael (1983). Emva kokuzalwa konyana kaHugo wahlukana nethole, ukuqhubeka nokukhathalela abantwana bakhe.
Ukususela ngo-1984 ukuya ku-1993, wayebandakanya ubudlelwane obungabhaliswanga kunye no-Erma Marxman - iqabane lakhe. Ngo-1997, waphinda watshata nexesha lesine waba nguTata, umfazi wesibini uMarisabel Rodriguez wazala intombi yaseRosines. Ngo-2004, esi sibini sahlulwa.
Ukufa
Ngo-2011, iChivez yafunda ukuba yintoni egudileyo ngumhlaza. Emva koko, kwisimemo, uFidel Destill eCuba ukuba aqhubeke nekhondo lokusebenza. UHugo wasusa ithumba elibi, kwaye waqala waziva ngcono. Nangona kunjalo, ekupheleni kuka-2012, ibuhlungu yaphinda yaziva ivakalelwe.
Ngo-Matshi 5, 2013, uHugo Chavez wasweleka. Ixesha elide, iinkcukacha azichazwanga, kodwa kamva zabhengeza ukuba isizathu sokufa yayisisiseko esibanzi sentliziyo. Kwakukho amahemuhemu ukuba, enyanisweni, iChivez yayityhefu ngabantu baseMelika okanye yayingumbutho wangaphambili, owaba ngumnikeli, uFrancisco Arias Cardenas.
Ekuqaleni, uHugo Chávez wayefuna ukukhuphela, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezithile ukuba zingakwenzi oko. Endaweni yoko, umzimba we-chavez ukusuka kwiZiko lezemikhosi, awayefunda ngalo kwaye wafundisa, ethwalwe kwimyuziyam yenguquko, apho kwenzeka khona umngcwabo nomngcwabo. Iintloko zamagama avela kumazwe ahlukeneyo eze neentetho, kuquka ne-United States (ngaphandle kwento yokuba iiseshoni zeNdibano yeNcinci, i-chavez, engadlulanga i-White House).