Biography
Umqambi josef Haidna akamfowuneli ngengozi ukuba uTata kaSymphony. Ikwakubulele kunobukrako kaMdali ukuba olu hlobo lufumaneka imfezeko yabadala kwaye waba sisiseko sobaso ukusuka eLudwig Van Beethopana kukhula.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, i-Haydn yayiyeyokuqala ukwenza iisampulu ezizalisekileyo kunye nezinye iintlobo ezikhokelayo zeklasi ye-classicism - Ikota yeQela kunye ne-Sonata eyintloko. Uqale wabhala i-orario ye-jamani. Kamva, ezi ndumiso bema kumqolo omnye kunye mpumelelo inkulu ezimbejembeje era - ukuba zazikwazi IsiNgesi of George Friedrich Handel kunye canthats German Johanna Sebastian Baha.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
UFranz Josef Haydn wazalelwa ngoMatshi 31, 1732 kwilali yase-Austrian eRoru, eHungd Hung. Utata womqambi wayengenayo nayiphi na imfundo yomculo, kodwa kwiminyaka yolutsha ngokuzimela ngokuzimeleyo e-Harp. Umama kaFranz wayengakhathali kumculo. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, abazali bafumanisa idatha ebalaseleyo yelizwi kuNyana kunye nokuma okumangama. Sele kubudala beminyaka emihlanu ubudala, uJosef Snegwezise utata wakhe, wawusenza umdlalo kwi-violin, emva koko yeza kwi-Cawa Choir ukwenza ubunzima.
Ukusuka kwi-biegraphy yommeli wesikolo se-vienna, yaziwa ngokuba nguBantwana abaDala, kwaka nje ukuba abantakwenu baguqukele kwiminyaka emithandathu ubudala, bathumela umntwana oshushu kwisixeko saseJohann Matyas Frank - Umvavanyi wesikolo. Kwiziko lakhe, indoda yafundisa abantwana kungekuphela igrama kunye nemathematics, kodwa yazinika izifundo zokucula nokudlala i-violin. Apho, umxhasi wayobuza umtya kunye nezixhobo zomoya, ngelixa uzigcina ubomi bakhe bonke ngenxa yomcebisi.
Inkuthalo, unyamezelo kunye nelizwi lezwi lendalo lanceda uNtYWAF ukuba adume kwimiphetho yabo yomthonyama. Kanye eRorua yeza umphathi we-vienna geenna reuters reuters reuters ukuba azisuse iimvumi ezincinci kwi-cappella. UFranz wenza umbono kuye kwaye uGeorg uthathe uJoseph oneminyaka eli-8 kwikwayala ye-vienna ye-vienna. Apho, i-haydn iminyaka embalwa iye yatyelela ubuchule bokucula, ukuguqula izibuko zokwenziwa kwaye kwazenzela iingoma zokomoya.
Elona xesha linzima lomgaqo-nkqubo waqala ngo-1749, xa kwakufuneka aphile nezifundo, ecula kwiikwayara zecawa aze adlale i-ensemus ezahlukeneyo ngeendidi. Ngaphandle kobunzima, lo mfana akazange alele kwaye akaphulukani nokuqonda okutsha.
Imali yeFranz isetyenziselwe izifundo zomqambi nikolo, kwaye xa uJoseph Poorpora, kwaye xa uJoseph wayengenalo ithuba lokuhlawula, umfana ngexesha leklasi ehamba nabafundi abancinci bomcebisi. I-Haidn, njengeencwadi ezixineneyo, ezinqabileyo zokwakhiwa kwaye zahluza ii-shearts, ukuya enzonzobileni ebusuku, zivakala kakuhle umculo weentlobo ezahlukeneyo.
Ngo-1751, kwenye yeencwadana ezinemidlalo ye-vairban, opera Haydna ebizwa ngokuba yi "chrome dev", ngo-1755 uMdali wayenekota yokuqala, kunye neminyaka emine kamva - i-sympleny yokuqala. Olu hlobo kwixesha elizayo luyeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kuwo wonke umsebenzi.
Umculo
1761 yaba yinto eguqukayo ebomini bomqambi: nge-1 kaMeyi, wagqiba kwelokuba iPrince Estergazi yasala i-Daristocater yosapho lwakwaHuristoc lol.
Intsapho e-Esteggazy yayihlala eVienna kuphela, kwaye ukuhlala kwabo kakhulu bekwidolophu encinci yeAisens, ngoko yayingamangalisi ukuba i-hydna kwakufuneka itshintshe indawo yokuhlala kwabo kwilifa le-monotonous.
Kwikhontrakthi egqityiweyo phakathi kweFranz kunye negrafu ye-Estergazi, kwathiwa ukuba umqambi unyanzelekile ukuba aqambe imidlalo eyayifuna ukukhanya kwakhe. Iimpawu zokuqala zeHaidna zibhalelwa ukwakhiwa okuncinci kweemvumi ezikuyo. Emva kweminyaka embalwa yenkonzo engenakuphikiswa, umqambi wavunyelwa ukubandakanya izixhobo ze-orchestra entsha ngokokubona kwazo.
Olona hlobo luphambili loMdali woMdali womsebenzi womculo 'ekwindla "uhlala uhleli sympleny. Ekupheleni kwe-60-700s, enye emva kwenye i-100 yeengoma ezibonakala: "49 (1768) -" amaxhoba ",. 44, kwaye i-45.
Babonisa indlela yokuphendula kwiimvakalelo kwisitayile esitsha se-neascent kwiJamani, igama elithi "isaqhwithi kunye ne-NATISK". Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngeli xesha, iimfuzi zabantwana zavela kwimbumbulu kaMdali.
Emva kobuqaqawuli bukaJosefu badlula ngaphaya kwemida yaseOstriya, ngokomyalelo wekonsathi yaseParis, kwaye emva kwemiyalelo emithandathu, kwaye emva kwemiyalelo efunyenwe kwikomkhulu laseSpain, imisebenzi yakhe yaqala ukupapashwa eNaples naseLondon .
Kwangelo xesha, ubomi bobu buhlobo bukhanyiswe bubuhlobo noWolfgang Amanart. Kuya kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isimo sengqondo samagcisa asifanelanga mnyama ngembambano okanye umona. UMozart wathi kwakuvela kuYosefu okwesihlandlo sokuqala wafunda ukuba enze iqhiya le-rogs, ngenxa yoko wanikela imisebenzi embalwa yemisebenzi. UFranz uthathwa njengoWolfgang Amade Owona mkhulu wabaqeshwa-abantu ababephila ngexesha.
Emva kweminyaka engama-50, indlela yokuphila eqhelekileyo i-hydda itshintshe kakhulu. UMdali wafumana inkululeko, nangona wayeqhubeka edweliswa kwindlalifa yenkosikazi yaseRterstazi yeNkundla. Uhlatywala ngokwakhe wanyibilikiswa ngenzala yohlobo oluhle, umqambi waya eVienna.
Ngo-1791, uFranz wamenyelwa ekutyeni eNgilani. Imigaqo yesivumelwano ithathe ukudalwa kweessomies ezintandathu kunye nokuphunyezwa kwazo eLondon, kunye nokubhala i-Opera kunye nemisebenzi engamashumi amabini kwisivalo. Kuyaziwa ukuba ke i-hydna yanikezelwa nge-orchestra apho iimvumi ezingama-40 zisebenza khona. Ngonyaka onesiqingatha, oqhutywa eLondon, intsimbi kuJoseph nguTriuphal, kwaye uhambo lwesiNgesi ludlule ngaphandle kokuphumelela. Ngexesha lokhenketho, umqambi oqengqeshwe i-280 usebenza kwaye waba ngugqirha womculo we-Oxford.
Ubomi Buqu
Ifunyenwe kwi-Vienna Ukuthandwa kweVienna kwanceda umculo oselula ukuba ufumane umsebenzi ukuba ubale uMorzin. Yenzelwe uGepels zakhe uGepef wabhala i-sympleny yokuqala. Kuyaziwa ukuba kungaphelelanga kweminyaka emibini eMorzin, umqambi ukwazile ukulungisa imeko yakhe yemali, kodwa uzibophelele kwimigca yomtshato.
Ngelo xesha, uJosefu oneminyaka engama-28 wawa iimvakalelo zomncinci kumncinci wentombi yeNkundla yeNkundla, kwaye wayesiya emangangeko kwimonki. Emva koko igesi nokuba kukuziphindezela, nokuba kuvela kwezinye izinto eziqwalaselwayo kutshata udadewabo uMariya Keller, owayemdala kuYosefu iminyaka emi-4.
Imanyano yabo yosapho ayonwabanga. Inkosikazi yomqambi yayikukuqhekeza kwaye inkcitho. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, eli nenekazi lalingekayithandi italente yomyeni wakhe kwaye yayihlala isebenzisa le qabane lakho endaweni yephepha lokubhaka. Ukumangalisa ubomi bosapho obuninzi bokungabikho kothando, abantwana kunye nentuthuzelo yasekhaya bahlala iminyaka engama-40.
Ngenxa yokuthandabuza ukuziqonda njengomyeni onenkathalo kunye nokungakwazi ukuziveza njengotata onothando wobomi obune othandekayo, umqambi wasichitha slemphony. Ngeli xesha, uGaidn wabhala amakhulu emisebenzi kolu hlobo, kwaye ama-90 osebenza kwi-genius enemigangatho equkene nePrince Estergazy Theatre.
Kwimngxunya yase-Itali yale thiyetha, umqambi wafumana uthando lwakhe. Imculi yoMncinci yeNepalitan Luigzha Polcelli inomdla weHaydna. Ngokuthandekayo eluthandweni, uJosef wafumana isivumelwano kunye naye, kwaye ngokukodwa umntu onomtsalane, amaqela elizwi senziwe lula, eqonda ubuchule bayo.
Kuyinyani, ubudlelwane no-Luigi khange buzise uMdali wolonwabo. Le ntombazana yayikratshi kakhulu kwaye ikwadokoli enkulu kakhulu, kwanasemva kokuba ifile lomfazi wayo, igarahi yayingayibeka emngciphekweni wokutshata naye. Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ekupheleni kobomi kwinguqulelo yokugqibela yentando, umqambi unciphise i-icecelling egciniweyo kabini.
Ukufa
Kule minyaka ilishumi yokugqibela yobomi, phantsi komnyhadala womthendeleko, iheyile kwi-Westminstest Haiddral Haids inomdla kwi-choral umculo. Umqambi wadala ukungcola ezintandathu, kunye ne-oraby ("ukudalwa kwehlabathi" kunye "namaxesha").
IGaidn ifile nge-31 kaMeyi eVienna, ehlala imikhosi yaseNapolenic. Umphathi waseFrance, wayefunda ngokufa kuka-Austrian odumileyo, wanika umyalelo emnyango wendlu yakhe. Umngcwabo wenzeka nge-1 kaJuni.
Inyaniso enomdla kukuba xa ngo-1820, iNkosana ye-Esstergazy yayalela ukuba ivuselele i-haydna kwicawe yecawe yecawe, yaye yavulwa ukuba akukho kutshona kwe-wig egciniweyo (wakhunjulwa ukuba afundele Iimpawu zesakhiwo kwaye zikhusele kwintshabalalo). I-full yaphinda yadityaniswa kunye ne-SUST kuphela embindini wenkulungwane elandelayo, nge-5 kaJuni, 1954.
I-discography
- "I-farewell symphony"
- I-Oxford symphony
- "Isifo se-symphony"
- "Indalo Yehlabathi"
- "Amaxesha"
- "Amagama asixhenxe oMsindisi Emnqamlezweni"
- "Buyisa iTovia"
- "Usokhemisi"
- "I-ACYC kunye neGalatia"
- "Isiqithi esingatshatanga"
- "I-Armma"
- "Abalobi"
- "Ukungathembisi Inkohliso"