Biography
UMculo-Yile nto incedayo ukuba iphazanyiswe kukuphambuka kweentsuku ezingwevu kunye nokufumana amandla kwanana meko zinzima. Ke ngoko, akukho nto iyothulisa into yokuba abaqambisi, iimvumi kunye neemvumi zafundwa ngamaxesha onke - zombini kwimizuzu yovuyo kunye newotshi yeDyunivesithi.
Kuya kuthi ngokufanelekileyo kufanelekile ukuba kungcono ukukhulisa imozulu ngomculo ovuthuzayo, ngakumbi, iJazz. Le nyaniso icacisa ukuba kutheni amagama eemvumi athanda uLouis Armstrong, uRay Brown, uBilly Holide noDung Ellington bayaziwa nanamhlanje.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
U-Edward Kennedy (enyanisweni ufowunela iJazman ebalaseleyo) wazalelwa kwikomkhulu le-United States yaseMelika. Yenzeka ngo-Epreli 29, 1899. Inkwenkwe yayinethamsanqa elaneleyo ukuba lizelwe kwintsapho ye-Butler yendlu emhlophe kaJames Eddward Edyton kunye nenkosikazi yakhe uDaisy Kennedy Ellington. Isikhundla sikaTata sisa inkwenkwe kwiingxaki abantu abamnyama baseMelika bajamelana nayo.
Ngokwenene kwi-diaper, umama waqala ukufundisa u-Edward's Gater Game (yena wadlala kakuhle, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha wenza iintlanganiso zecawa). Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesithoba, umntwana waqesha utitshala wepiyano onamava ngakumbi.
Imisebenzi yakho inkwenkwe iqala ukubhala ngo-1910. Umsebenzi wokuqala ogcinwe ngaphambi kokuba iintsuku zangoku zibizwa ngokuba yi-soda fontain rag. Oku kubekwa kwabhalwa ngo-1914. Kwi-soda fontain rag, unokubona inzala kumdlalo wokudanisa (ngokukodwa, kwi-ragtaym) ngelo xesha.
Emva kokuphumelela kwiSikolo soBugcisa esikhethekileyo, uEdward wafumana umsebenzi ngumculi weepowusta. Umsebenzi awunamali, umvuzo owoneleyo - umkhwenkwe omncinci wayehlala enokuthembeka rhoqo efunyenwe kulawulo lukarhulumente, kodwa lo msebenzi awuzange ube nolonwabo lolonwabo lolonwabo kwipiyano. Ngenxa yoko, uEdward waphosa ubugcisa, uyala ukuya kwisithuba sakhe kwiZiko lePratt.
Ukususela ngo-1917, uKennedy omncinci wafumana umntu ohlala nomculo, ngokuhambelana nokufunda i-numprings kwi-Metropolitan Piriano.
Umculo
Iqela lakhe lokuqala e-Edward ye-1919. Ukongeza kwi-Kennedyyyy ngokwakhe, ibhendi yayiyi-saxophonist otto enkulu kwaye idrummer Sonny Guer. Emva kwexesha elincinci, amaXwandle ka-Arthur Wandsol axhonywe kubo.
Ngesinye isihlandlo, ukusebenza kwabo beva umniniyo we-New York Bar, eyafika kwikomkhulu leMicimbi. Ucebise abafana, ngokwendawo ekufuneka eyenze kuyo iminyaka eliqela, kwaye umnini-mnini uqinisekisa iimvumi kuluntu kunye nemivuzo elungileyo. UKennedy kunye nenkampani bavuma kwaye sele bengo-1922 baqala ukwenza i-harlem bar "barron" njengeQenki "i-Washington".
Malunga nabantu abathethayo. Bamenyiwe ukuba bathethe namanye amaziko, umzekelo, kwiklabhu yeHollywood, ekwiXesha lokuThengisa. Imirhumo evunyelweyo ukuba iqhubeke nezifundo zazo kwiiMasters zekhibhodi ezaziwayo.
Impumelelo "ye-Washingīnians" yanikezela ithuba lokuthatha inxaxheba kwikota ukuze iqhelene noluntu lwasekhaya - bobabini nabantu benobuchule kunye nempembelelo. Ukutshatisa ii-Yorks ezintsha, uKennedy waqalisa ukunxiba ngempahla eqaqambileyo nebizayo, apho afumana igama lesidlaliso elihlekisayo elivela kwimidlalo (eguqulelwe ngokuthi "du").
Ngo-1926, umntu oqhelene no-Edward no-Irwin Mills, owathi kamva waba nguMphathi weeMudesi. Yayiyimilimi ecetyiswa ukuba isebenzise le ndoda endaweni yegama lokuyila iPseudonym, esekwe kwigama lesidlaliso kunye negama likatata. Kwakhona, kwicebiso lika-Irwin Duke, labizwa ngokuba yiJazz elizalelweyo "eWashington" eDungton "eDungton" eDungton "eDuke Ellington ne-orchestra yakhe.
Ngo-1927, uEllington neqela lakhe wafudukela kwi-New York Cark Cotton Club, apho wenza khona ukhenketho lwekonsathi yelizwe. Ngeli xesha lexesha, iingoma ezinjengeCreole Tow, emnyama kwaye ibhaliwe i-fantasy kunye ne-mooches.
Ngo-1929, "uDule Ellington kunye ne-orchestra yakhe" eyenziwe kwiFlorence Siegfeld Subc. Kwangelo xesha linye kwi-RCA yeengxelo ze-Studio (ngoku, inxenye yolonwabo lwe-sony) yarekhodwa ngokwase-Indigo Rid Fitces, kwaye i-orchera ye-orchera idla ngokuviwa kosasazo lwerediyo.
Ngo-1931, ukhenketho lokuqala lweJazz ongena e-Ellington lwenzekile. Kunyaka kamva, uDuke kunye ne-orchestra eyenzelwe kwiYunivesithi yaseColumbia. Kukholelwa ukuba eli xesha lobomi bomculo yayikumnyango wencopho yomsebenzi, kuba emva koko wabhala imbali yakhe ayisebenzi ("yonke into engenantsingiselo") ("Abathandi bethemba").
Ngapha koko, uDuke waba ngu-thixo lohlobo lwe-swing, ukubhala ngo-1933 ukwenziwa kwemozulu yesaqhwithi kunye nenenekazi elinobuchule. Ukusebenza ngobuchule ziimpawu zobuqu zeemvumi, u-Ellington wafezekisa umntu, akukho sindi esifanayo. Ezonamculi ziphambili kwiqela le-Dunge i-saxophonist John Hodgez, eTrubula Frank Jenkins kunye neCrembonist juan tizize.
Ngo-1933, i-DUK kunye neemvumi zakhe ziya kuhambo lokuqala lweYurophu, esona siganeko siphambili saso yayiyindlela yokusebenza kwiholo ye-london "pilladium". Ngexesha lokuthetha kukaDungton kunye ne-orchestra yakhe kwiholo, abantu babezinyaswe ngabantu begazi laseRoyal, kunye noDuke ithuba lokunxibelelana.
Iphefumlelwe yimpumelelo yoThenketho lwaseYurophu, iimvumi ziye zaya kwiNew-Eli xesha kuqala eMzantsi Merika, emva koko zaya emantla. Ekupheleni kotyelelo, uEllington ubhala i-hit entsha-ubume be-caravan ("caravan"). Emva kokuphuma kwakhe, uDuke ufumana isihloko somqambi wokuqala wokuqala.
Kodwa uqinile umtya omhlophe watshintsha umnyama - ngo-1935 ngo-1935 uDuke wasweleka. Ichaphazele kakhulu imvumi - intlekele eyaqala ngo-Ellington. Nangona kunjalo, uDude wakwazi ukoyisa ngokubhala umhombiso wokuzihlaziya kwi-tempo, eyahluke kakhulu kuyo yonke into eyenziwa nguDuk ngaphambili.
Ngo-1936, u-Ellington waqala wabhala umculo kwifilimu - le ribbon yayiyindlela entle kaHam eneenkuni kunye nee-thedoroests ngabazalwana abakwiindima eziphakamileyo. Ngo-1938, uDude wasebenza njengomqhubi we-Philightonic sychestra ye-orchestra, ochithe kwihotele yaseSaintgie.
Kunyaka kamva, iimvumi ezintsha ebusweni be-Tenor-Saxophonist Ben Webster kunye ne-Gim Gim Vim I-Galton igalelwe iqela le-Elliolton. Abafana ababini batshintsha isandi se-duke orkstra, eyamphefumlela ukuba ahambe naye. Imvumi yokumangalela ixabiseke kakhulu isiqendu sesitokhwe se-leopold kunye neRussia Tracser Igor Stravinsky.
Ngo-1942, uElington ubhala umculo wetheyipu "emafini", kwaye ngoJanuwari kunyaka olandelayo uqokelela iholo epheleleyo yeCarnegie eNew York. Ingeniso evela kwikonsathi ihambile ukugcina iSoviet Union ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi.
Emva kwehlabathi lehlabathi lesibini, uluntu oluya ku-Jazz lwaqala ukuwa - abantu babhaptizelwa kwimeko yoxinzelelo kunye noloyiko olungapheliyo. Ngexesha, uDude wakwazi ukwenza kwaye ahlawule umrhumo wephulo (ngamanye amaxesha epokothweni), kodwa ekugqibeleni, iimvumi ziphoxekile kubo bonke bonke. U-Ellington waqala ukufumana imisebenzi yethutyana ephilayo ngendlela yokubhala umculo kwifilimu.
Nangona kunjalo, ngo-1956, uDuke wakwazi ukubuyela ngokuphumelelayo kwi-jazz, esenza umnyhadala wohlobo eNewport. Ndikunye nomququ uWilliam Suishorn kunye nabadlali abatsha, e-Ellington bachulumanca abaphulaphuli kunye ne-nedy mac kunye nesiqingatha se-william shakespeare.
Isithandathu senkulungwane yokugqibela yaba yincopho yesibini kwimvelaphi yemvumi - ngeli xesha i-Duken inikwa amabhaso alishumi elinanye "grammy" ngokulandelelana. Ngo-1969, uEllington wanikwa i-odolo yenkululeko. Ibhaso likaDuke laziswa ngumongameli wase-US Richard Nixon. Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kwiminyaka emithathu ngaphambili, u-Ellington wanikezelwa ngokobuqu ngomnye uMongameli-Lindon Johnson.
Ubomi Buqu
UDuke utshatile kwaphela - nge-2 kaJulayi ngo-1918 (ngelo xesha, lo mfo wayeneminyaka elishumi elinesithoba). Inkosikazi yakhe yaba nguEdna Thompson, emtshatweni awayelidlalwe nguElton kude kube sekupheleni kwemihla yakhe.
NgoMatshi 11, 1919, inkwenkwe yazalwa isibini. Umntwana wabizwa ngokuba nguRustr.
Ukufa
Okwesihlandlo sokuqala, uDuke waziva embi ngelixa esebenza kumculo wefilimu "Ukutshintshiselana Ngengqondo", kodwa emva koko imvumi ayinikeli ngqwalaselo enkulu. Ngo-1973, u-Ellington wafumana umhlaza we-Lung. Kunyaka olandelayo wathatha inyumonia kwaye wabaleka.
NgoMeyi 24, 1974, iJazzman ayizange. U-Ellington wangcwatywa ngeentsuku ezintathu kwigumbi elidala laseNew York, elikwiBronx.
I-Pomthumousd Deungerly Deunge inikwe ibhaso le-pitzer, kwaye ngo-1976 iziko legama lakhe zadalwa kwiCawa yamaLuthere yaseSt. Peter. Iziko lihonjiswe ngeefoto likhanyisela amaxesha aqaqambileyo yebhayiloji yeVidiyo.
I-discography
- Ngo-1940-i-Okeh Ellington
- Ngo-1944 - Mnyama, Brown & Bige
- Ngo-1952 - le yi-Duke Ellington kunye ne-orchestra yakhe
- Ngo-1957 - kwi-mellotone
- Ngo-1959 - IMINYAKA
- Ngo-1964 - iikonsathi ezintle zaseLondon
- Ngo-1964 - i-o'clock enye yokutsiba
- Ngo-1968 - kwaye umama wambiza ngokuba yiBill
- Ngo-1972 - I-Ellington Suites